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In this article, amino functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared by chemical modification of the surface of a MWCNTs using γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and dispersed into the epoxy composition. The modifying agent (APTES) was directly deposited on the MWCNTs surfaces. For the functionalization of MWCNTs, was used no...
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... chemical structures is shown in Figure 1. The qualitative characteristics of ED-20 are presented in Table 1. Polyethylene polyamine (PEPA) (TS 6-02-594-85) manufactured by CHIMEX Limited (Russia) was used as a hardener of an epoxy compositions. ...Similar publications
A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Hiemenz flow SWCNTs MWCNTs Hybrid base nanofluid Duality Stability analysis A B S T R A C T The purpose of the current article is to numerically and theoretically examine the flow of two-dimensional (2D) steady Hiemenz with the transfer of heat of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) hybrid base C 2 H 6 O 2 + H 2 O (Ethylene glyc...
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are favored materials in the manufacture of electrochemical devices because of their mechanical and chemical stability, good thermal and electrical conductivities, physiochemical consistency, and featherweight. With such intriguing carbon nanotubes properties in mind, the current research aims to investigate the flow of hybr...
The practical implication of nanofluids is essentially dependent on their accurate modelling, particularly in comparison with the high cost of experimental investigations, yet the accuracy of different computational approaches to simulate nanofluids remains controversial to this day. Therefore, the present study is aimed at analysing the homogenous...
This research paper explains the effect of Marangoni convection on unsteady squeezing flow of water base CNTs for both MWCNT and SWCNT in the presence of magnetic field and variable thermal conductivity over a stretching surface. By using the similarity transformation, the partial differential equation is converted to nonlinear fourth order ordinar...
The surfactant-assisted preparation of carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composites has attracted the attention of scientists around the world. Here, CNT/epoxy nanocomposites were prepared using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The effect of CMC on the curing behaviors of epoxy resin (E44) and CNTs/E44 was studied using differential scanning calor...
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... In recent years, conductive composite materials based on carbon nanotubes has attracted attention to improve road systems during winter [23,24]. Dispersing these types of nanoparticles into polymeric structures can enhance thermal stability, resistance to photooxidation, and mechanical attributes, whilst also equipping the resulting nanocomposites with the capacity to exhibit functional properties [25][26][27]. In recent years, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in various fields as fillers and CNT-reinforced composites have been confirmed as an alternative de-icing approach. ...
Traffic accidents caused by road icing are a serious global problem, and conventional de-icing methods like spraying chemicals have several limitations, including excessive manpower management, road damage, and environmental pollution. In this study, the carbon nanotubes reinforced de-icing coating for the road system with a self-heating function was developed as part of the development of a new system to prevent accidents caused by road icing. The electrical characteristics of the fabricated coating were analyzed, and the carbon nanotube coating heating performance experiment was conducted to measure the temperature increments by applying a voltage to the coating at a sub-zero temperature using an environmental chamber. In addition, the coating was installed on the road pavement and the applicability was investigated through a heating test in winter. As a result of the experiment, the coating made with the higher carbon nanotube concentration presented higher heating owing to its higher electrical conductivity. In addition, the coating showed sufficient heating performance, although the maximum temperature by Joule heating decreased for the entire coating at sub-zero temperatures. Finally, field tests demonstrated the potential of electrically conductive coatings for de-icing applications.
... Further extension of the field of application of epoxy-anhydride resins is possible by means of chemical and physico-chemical modification, changing properties of the epoxy binder [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Chemical modification involves altering the polymer network structure by adding compounds that become part of the polymer composition. ...
Polymer binders based on epoxy resins have unique properties that contribute to their use in many composite industries. The potential of using epoxy binders is due to their high elasticity and strength characteristics, thermal and chemical resistance, and resistance to climatic aging. This is the reason for the existing practical interest in modifying the composition of epoxy binders and understanding the strengthening mechanisms in order to form reinforced composite materials with a required set of properties based on them. This article presents the results of a study of the process of dissolving the modifying additive of polymethylene-p-triphenyl ether of boric acid in the components of an epoxyanhydride binder applicable to the production of fibrous composite materials. The temperature and time conditions for the dissolution of polymethylene-p-triphenyl ether of boric acid in anhydride-type isomethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride hardeners are presented. It has been established that the complete dissolution of the borpolymer-modifying additive in iso-MTHPA occurs at a temperature of 55 ± 2 °C for 20 h. The effect of the modifying additive of polymethylene-p-triphenyl ether of boric acid on the strength properties and structure of the epoxyanhydride binder has been studied. Increases in transverse bending strength up to 190 MPa, elastic modulus up to 3200 MPa, tensile strength up to 0.8 MPa, and impact strength (Charpy) up to 5.1 5.1 kJ/m2 are observed when the content of the borpolymer-modifying additive in the composition of the epoxy binder is 0.50 mass. %.
... The PEI/APTES-MWCNTs were dried for 24 h using a freeze dryer and then stored in a desiccator for future experiments. Step I: APTES-MWCNTs were prepared according to the method of Anton et al. (2020) [52] with slight modifications. Briefly, 1.5 g of MWCNTs was dispersed in 300 mL of a 5% APTES solution (pH = 5, adjusted by CH 3 COOH). ...
This research intended to report amine-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWC-NTs) prepared by a simple method for efficient and rapid removal of Reactive Yellow 2 (RY2) from water. EDS analysis showed that the N content increased from 0 to 2.42% and from 2.42 to 8.66% after modification by 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and polyethylenimine (PEI), respectively. BET analysis displayed that the specific surface area, average pore size, and total pore volume were reduced from 405.22 to 176.16 m 2 /g, 39.67 to 6.30 nm, and 4.02 to 0.28 cm 3 /g, respectively. These results proved that the PEI/APTES-MWCNTs were successfully prepared. pH edge experiments indicated that pH 2 was optimal for RY2 removal. At pH 2 and 25 • C, the time required for ad-sorption equilibrium was 10, 15, and 180 min at initial concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively; and the maximum RY2 uptake calculated by the Langmuir model was 714.29 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Moreover, 0-0.1 mol/L of NaCl showed negligible effect on RY2 removal by PEI/APTES-MWCNTs. Five adsorption/desorption cycles confirmed the good reusability of PEI/APTES-MWCNTs in RY2 removal. Overall, the PEI/APTES-MWCNTs are a potential and efficient adsorbent for reactive dye wastewater treatment.
... Recently, many researchers have reported the use of MIT for the functionalization of MWCNTs using amino acids, vitamins, epoxy compounds, proteins, and polymers [41,42]. Overall, MIT-based functional techniques are easy, effective, and completed in a single-step process, and they increase the magnitude of functionalization and binding in MWCNTs. ...
Microwave-assisted synthetic methods have emerged as a popular technique for surface modification and the functionalization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for diverse drug delivery applications. Microwave-induced functionalization of MWCNTs provides a high functionalization and requires less time than conventional techniques. Microwave methods are simple, fast, and effective for the covalent and noncovalent conjugation of MWCNTs with various biomolecules and polymers. The present review focuses on the synthetic and drug delivery applications of microwave irradiation techniques (MITs) for the functionalization of MWCNTs, using amino acids and other molecular frameworks containing amino groups, vitamins, proteins, epoxy moieties, metal nanoparticles, and polymers.
... Step I: APTES-MWCNTs were prepared according to the method of Anton et al. (2020) [41] with slight modifications. Briefly, 1.5 g of MWCNTs were dispersed in 300 mL of 5% APTES solution (pH = 5, adjusted by CH3COOH). ...
This research intended to report amine-functionalized multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) prepared by a simple method for efficient and rapid removal of Reactive Yellow 2 (RY2) from water. EDS analysis showed that the N content increased from 0 to 2.42% and from 2.42 to 8.66% after modification by APTES and PEI, respectively. BET analysis displayed that the specific surface area, average pore size, and total pore volume were reduced from 405.22 to 176.16 m2/g, 39.67 to 6.30 nm, and 4.02 to 0.28 cm3/g, respectively. These results proved that the PEI/APTES-MWCNTs were successfully prepared. pH edge experiment indicated that pH 2 was optimal for RY2 removal. At pH 2 and 25 °C, the time required for adsorption equilibrium was 10, 15, and 180 min at initial concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 mg/L, respectively; and the maximum RY2 uptake calculated by the Langmuir model was 714.29 mg/g. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. 0-0.1 mol/L of NaCl showed negligible effect on RY2 removal by PEI/APTES-MWCNTs. Five adsorption/desorption cycles confirmed the good reusability of PEI/APTES-MWCNTs in RY2 removal. Overall, the PEI/APTES-MWCNTs are a potential and efficient adsorbent for reactive dye wastewater treatment.
... The significance of CNTs as a reinforcement agent was also revealed by Mostovoy et al. [59] by modifying epoxy resin with aminopropyltriethoxysilane fMWCNTs. The modified epoxy witnessed improved tensile and impact strength that is much higher than that of the pure epoxy coating. ...
This chapter discussed the production and corrosion inhibiting properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The preparation of the notable forms of CNTs such as the single-walled CNTs and multiwalled CNTs extensively used for the protection of industrial metallic materials against corrosion was also discussed in this chapter. Arc-discharge, laser ablation, ball milling, and chemical vapor deposition are a few of the methods that have been adopted for the production of these CNTs. More often than not, the CNTs for corrosion inhibition are acids functionalized to either strengthen the bond between these CNTs and polymeric additives or as catalysts for the deposition of polymers in CNTs-polymer composites. In general, CNTs have served as reinforcement agent, filler for composites, and catalyst for preparation of other materials, and support for other coatings. Beyond inclusion as component of composites for corrosion inhibition, functionalized CNTs have solely been applied as a major protective coating for metals. The efficiency of CNTs as corrosion inhibitor depends on the nature of the composite and CNTs presence in composites at optimum level. The optimization of CNTs in composites and the high inhibition efficiency of the resultant composites have defeated the belief in certain quarters that CNTs are unfit for corrosion inhibition.
... Paints and varnishes can be used for concrete, metal, brick, stone, and asbestos products. For example, the authors of [4] showed that it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of epoxy resins on a composite in terms of the bending modulus, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and impact strength. In [5,6], it was reported that one could evaluate the properties of epoxy resins as polymer coatings for concrete and reinforced-concrete structures. ...
... Important technological indicators of epoxy binders are also the level of the peak heating temperature of polymer mixtures during the curing process and the time it takes to reach it. It is known that the nature of curing depends significantly on the type of hardener used [4,6,7]. Table 3. Evaluation of the effectiveness of modifying the epoxy resin ED-20 with an aliphatic diluents of the brand Etal-1. ...
... Important technological indicators of epoxy binders are also the level of the peak heating temperature of polymer mixtures during the curing process and the time it takes to reach it. It is known that the nature of curing depends significantly on the type of hardener used [4,6,7]. ...
The purpose of this study was to analyze the stability of the protective properties of thermal-insulation coatings under long-term exposure to natural climatic factors. An analysis of the changes in the decorative characteristics was carried out using a CD-6834 spectro-guide sphere gloss spectrophotometer; for the mechanical tensile testing of the polymer composites, an AGS-X series tensile testing machine, TRAPEZIUM X software, and a PSO MG4 device were used to determine the adhesion strength of facing and protective coatings. The results showed that in most cases, only full-scale climatic tests to determine the qualitative indicators of epoxy coatings (ECs), such as indicators of the viability and exothermicity of epoxy compositions, changes in the viscosity of epoxy binders, and the tensile strength and thermal conductivity, allowed us to evaluate the effects of changing the epoxy coating properties in full-scale conditions. When analyzing changes in the characteristics of the polymer samples after exposure to climatic factors, it was found that the compositions based on epoxy resin ED-20, modified epoxy resin Etal-247, active thinner Etal-1, and hardener Etal-45M demonstrated the best elastic and strength characteristics.
... kJ/m 2 [1], and for carbon fiber-reinforced plastics is 0.3-0.5 kJ/m 2 [2][3][4]. The crack resistance of matrices and reinforced plastics based on them can be increased by introducing modifiers of various nature: mineral or carbon particles [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], rubbers [11][12][13][14][15], active diluents, reactive copolymers [16][17][18][19], or thermoplastic modifiers [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. The effect of introducing modifiers depends on their nature and structures, which are formed in the process of matrix formation. ...
... The use of particles of different shapes and natures usually leads to an increase in physical-mechanical properties of about 70% [5][6][7][8][9][10]. The increase in crack resistance in this case is also associated with a growth in the crack path due to the rounding of the filler particles [30]. ...
An epoxy resin modified with polysulfone (PSU) and active diluent furfuryl glycidyl ether (FGE) was studied. Triethanolaminotitanate (TEAT) and iso-methyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride (iso-MTHPA) were used as curing agents. It is shown that during the curing of initially homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous structures are formed. The type of these structures depends on the concentration of active diluent and the type of hardener. The physico-mechanical properties of the hybrid matrices are determined by the structure formed. The maximum resistance to a growing crack is provided by structures with a thermoplastic-enriched matrix-interpenetrating structures. The main mechanism for increasing the energy of crack propagation is associated with the implementation of microplasticity of extended phases enriched in polysulfone and their involvement in the fracture process.
... strength of GO-CF/EP hybrid-reinforced composite prepared by VIHPS at room temperature is nearly 1.6 times higher than that of 3D needle-punched CF/epoxy resin composite, and 3.7 times higher than that of functionalized carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite [29,30]. It can be seen that the mechanical properties of the micro-nano hybridreinforced composite prepared by GO and CF are far superior to those of CF-reinforced epoxy resin composite and nanofiller-reinforced polymer composite and have a better engineering application value. ...
... By comparing with the existing research results, it can be seen that the bending strength of GO-CF/EP hybrid-reinforced composite prepared by VIHPS at room temperature is nearly 1.6 times higher than that of 3D needle-punched CF/epoxy resin composite, and 3.7 times higher than that of functionalized carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy nanocomposite [29,30]. It can be seen that the mechanical properties of the micro-nano hybrid-reinforced composite prepared by GO and CF are far superior to those of CFreinforced epoxy resin composite and nanofiller-reinforced polymer composite and have a better engineering application value. ...
Graphene oxide-carbon fiber/epoxy (GO-CF/EP) composites with extrusion temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 °C were prepared by a vacuum infiltration hot-press-forming experimental system (VIHPS). The effects of extrusion temperature on the microstructure, fracture mechanism and mechanical properties of GO-CF/EP composites were investigated. It was found that the best mechanical property of composites and infiltration effect of the matrix in the fiber gap were obtained at the temperature of 50 °C, and the bending strength of the composite reached 728 MPa. The fiber was pulled out and broken under the wrapping of the matrix. The matrix viscosity was high, and the fluidity was poor when the extrusion temperature was low. The poor infiltration of the matrix resulted in many fibers failing to bond together, resulting in the disorderly breakage of fiber bundles. Under the condition of higher temperature, the flow speed of the matrix could be improved. However, part of the matrix was extruded during the extrusion process, and cracks and other defects occurred during the loading, which caused the brittle fracture of the specimen.
... As a result, minimizing the indicated resistance can result in composites with superior TC and other properties, as can be found in the literature. Bekeshev et al. [48] prove that epoxy composites with ocher as filler can increase its physical and mechanical properties by the utilization of microwave modification with optimal parameters (power of 350 W and duration of 30 s), which increased the composite toughness by 18%, tensile strength by 29% and [49] showed that the functionalization of MWCNTs with γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and the creation of chemical bonds in the polymer-filler interface were responsible for the improvements in the physicomechanical properties of the composite, such as increased impact strength by 300%, bending stress by 194%, bending modulus by 137%, tensile strength by 108% and tensile elastic modulus by 52%. Furthermore, integrated circuit (IC) underfill materials must have high electrical resistivity to avoid internal disturbance or damage to the device electronic system, and low relative permittivity to maintain quick signal transmission. ...
In this study, the effects of a hybrid filler composed of zero-dimensional spherical AlN particles and two-dimensional BN flakes on the thermal conductivity of epoxy resin were studied. The thermal conductivity (TC) of the pristine epoxy matrix (EP) was 0.22 W/(m K), while the composite showed the TC of 10.18 W/(m K) at the 75 wt% AlN–BN hybrid filler loading, which is approximately a 46-fold increase. Moreover, various essential application properties were examined, such as the viscosity, cooling rate, coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), morphology, and electrical properties. In particular, the AlN–BN/EP composite showed higher thermal stability and lower CTE (22.56 ppm/°C) than pure epoxy. Overall, the demonstrated outstanding thermal performance is appropriate for the production of electronic packaging materials, including next-generation flip-chip underfills.
