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Cu–Ni–Sn alloys have been widely used in the aerospace industry, the electronics industry, and other fields due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength, corrosion and wear resistance, etc., which make Cu–15Ni–8Sn alloys the perfect alternative to Cu–Be alloys. This paper begins with how Cu–Ni–Sn alloys are prepared. Th...
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... On the other hand, tin (Sn), a non-toxic and safe material, is commonly used in aluminum casting alloys to reduce friction in bearing and bushing applications [14]. In emergency situations, adding tin as an alloying element can provide temporary liquid lubrication to rubbing surfaces if these bearings or bushings overheat excessively during service [15]. Because of its anti-welding solid qualities with iron, Sn is required in bearing applications, providing adequate surface properties [16]. ...
In this study, three samples were created using gravity die casting, i.e., two models of immiscible alloys, Alloy1 (Al-12wt.%Sn-8wt.%Cu) and Alloy2 (Al-20wt.%Sn-10wt.%Cu) along with a control sample of pure Al. These gravity die-cast samples, homogenized at 700°Cfor 2 hours, are analyzed for mechanical properties and microstructures. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used to analyze the changes in the Al-Sn-Cu solidified system resulting from the addition of specific alloying elements. Both Alloy1 and Alloy2 showed better mechanical properties than the control sample of pure Al. The tensile strength of Alloy2 shows a decrease from 110.878 MPa to 105.750 MPa compared to Alloy1. However, there is an increase in the yield strength from 30.239 MPa to 32.362 MPa when the addition of tin exceeds 12% and copper exceeds 8%, respectively, which might be because of the alpha-phase solid solution’s interdendritic region that produces lattice strains. The impact resistance and ductility of the alloy are compromised as the hardness increases with the addition of more alloying elements. Alloy2 exhibited the highest hardness at 50.92 HB. The Brinell hardness values suggest these alloys are potential candidates to replace antifriction bronzes. However, hard CuAl2 is produced at the grain boundaries when copper percentages are increased, reducing the impact properties. The effects of different alloying constituents and melt treatment on the microstructural control of Al-Sn-Cu solidified alloy were also studied. The aluminum matrix with a semi-continuous network (reticular) distribution of tin on the grain boundary was observed. The grain size gradually decreased from 19.65 μm to 16.94 μm and became more equiaxed for Al-20wt.%Sn-10wt.%Cu than Al-12wt.%Sn-8wt.%. The bond between tin and matrix improved with the increasing alloying element. The data obtained from this experiment will undoubtedly contribute to future research in this field.
