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A sustainable fisheries development indicator system (SFDIS) is proposed in this article to monitor management of Taiwan's offshore and coastal fisheries. Demonstration of its application shows that the ecological index is tending toward sustainability but to conserve fisheries’ resources it is necessary to strengthen habitat protection and managem...
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Context 1
... a peak of 90.36 in 1998 to an all-time low of 4.34 in 2007. Accordingly, it is tending toward unsustainability in offshore and coastal fisheries in Taiwan. Employee (C 13 ) and work place safety (C 15 ) tend to be increasing. Employee safety in the work environment increased from its lowest point in 1998 to its highest point in 2005. Work place safety has also increased, except for a slight drop in 1999, 2001 and 2005. In contrast, age, social performance, and resilience criteria (C 14 , C 16 , C 17 ) tend to be decreasing. Social performance has decreased year on year and reached its lowest point in 2007. This was due to an annual decrease in the ratio of fishermen’s average wage to average civic wage (I 23 ), with the exception of a slight come back in 2003 and 2004. The decrease in resilience is largely due to dependency on fishing crews from Mainland China (I 24 ). Generally, the social index has shown a steady decrease, from a maximum value of 80.72 in 1998 to a minimum value of 9.80 in 2005 (Figure 3). The social dimension in offshore and coastal fisheries in Taiwan tends therefore towards ...
Context 2
... deflated value (I 12 ) has decreased each year, but aging fishing vessels (I 15 ) and cost of operating fisheries (I 16 ) have increased. Net returns and rate of benefit have also increased, which may be due to an increase in the aquatic product wholesale price index (I 13 ) ( Figure 2) or incorrect official statistical data provided by the Fisheries House Economic Investigation relating to fisheries’ production value, net returns and rate of benefit. It is necessary to ensure the accuracy and reliability of official statistical data in order to obtain an accurate picture of fisheries’ operations. Offshore and coastal fishermen made up 90% of the total number of fishermen in 2007. As shown in I 14 , production per fisherman in offshore and coastal fisheries continues to decrease year on year, meaning their contribution to GDP is decreasing. While the impact of Taiwan joining the WTO on offshore and coastal fisheries may be limited, an increase in fishermen’s numbers and a decrease in production per person involved in offshore and coastal fisheries will bring about fisheries’ unsustainability. To summarize, the high number of aging fishing vessels and the high cost of running fisheries are challenging to offshore and coastal fishing operations. Production per fisherman was 0.87 tons in 2007, which significantly impacted on the sustainability of the economic dimension. The government should therefore replace aging fishing vessels, increase the added value of catch, and help fishermen to switch to other lines of work. While total employment (I 19 ) has increased over time, the problems of an aging fisherman population (I 20 ) and reliance on large number of Mainland Chinese (I 24 ) have also increased. Such reliance suggests that the number of people actively involved in fisheries is decreasing. This tendency is the result of a decrease in the ratio of average a fisherman’s average wage to average civil wage (I 23 ), which increases the reluctancy to work on fishing vessels. Nevertheless, technological advancement has helped to reduce the number of injured persons per thousand persons (I 21 ) and the frequency of fishing operation accidents (I 22 ). Such reductions demonstrate an increased awareness of the needs for a safe fishing operations environment (Figure 3). At present, the Fisheries Agency is in its third phase of implementing a guidance and as- sistance plan to encourage employment on fishing vessels. The Agency is also endeavoring to cultivate marine management skills by increasing the number of fishing crew completing training courses and obtaining a certificate (I 29 ). A set-net fisheries internship program has also been set up at the National Kaohsiung National University that gives students first hand experience with set-net operations and helps to increase their chance of employment upon graduation. Although the Fisheries Agency has proposed new policies to encourage young people to take up employment in fisheries, the ratio of a fisherman’s average wage to civil wage (I 23 ) continues to decrease. Once the subsidies from these policies are gone, high turnovers can be expected. It is therefore necessary for the government to explore other integrated livelihood models to attract young people to the ...
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Citations
... The China Fisheries Statistical Yearbook shows that China's oyster production in 2021 was 5819.19 kt, accounting for almost 90% of the total global production (FAO 2022). In recent years, sustainability in industrial development has been increasingly emphasized, and lots of countries have developed strategies, policies, and actions in an effort to achieve a resource-efficient, green, low-carbon, socially inclusive, and sustainable future (Soniat et al. 2019;Liu et al. 2011;Schrobback et al. 2014). In China, the "Several Opinions on Promoting the Sustainable and Healthy Development of Marine Fisheries" issued by the Chinese State Council in 2013 and the "Opinions on Accelerating the Green Development of Aquaculture" jointly issued by ten Chinese ministries and commissions in 2019 emphasize the need for green, high-quality development of the aquaculture industry (Cao and Sang 2020). ...
Oyster is an important fishing resource that is produced in coastal areas around the world. Over the past few decades, China’s oyster aquaculture has flourished and is the world’s largest in terms of production. As global problems of environmental pollution and resource depletion increase, the sustainability of industrial development is a growing concern. In recent years, there have been frequent incidents of regulatory sanctions against rapidly expanding oyster farms, showing that oyster aquaculture in China needs to recognize the current state of the industry, sort out development issues, and make timely adjustments. We selected Zhanjiang, one of the main oyster-producing areas in China, as the object of investigation, to analyze the data on oyster aquaculture in terms of area, production, farmers, mode, seedlings, and benefits, with the aim of figuring out the current status of the regional oyster aquaculture industry. Looking at the region as a whole, combining the current situation with the literature, it is concluded that China’s oyster aquaculture industry suffers from insufficient sea resources suitable for culture, backward management and technology, high yield but low efficiency, etc. Considering the resource conditions of the main producing areas and the comprehensive benefits, oyster aquaculture still has much room for development. To ensure the sustainability of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen the management of sea areas, regulate farmers, increase technological innovation, and improve economic efficiency.
... As can be seen from Figure 2, the annual growth rate of publications was 28.39%. The number of publications fluctuated slightly until 2013, with a total of 25 articles published, the main research objectives focused on the sustainability assessment of agricultural systems [4][5][6][7] and exploration of evaluation methods [8][9][10][11]. Since 2014, sustainability assessment research has received increasing attention and papers have been published at an accelerated rate, making it a current research hotspot. 57 articles were published between 2014 and 2019 with the common goals of constructing evaluation model frameworks, innovating evaluation methods, and assessing sustainability progress. ...
... Follo by [Bockstaller, Messean, and others] with 3 publications, whose publications focus on assessment framework [26][27][28]. [Liu, Jhan, and Lin] [9,29], [Astier, Masera, and oth [30,31], [Boshrabadi and Mehrjerdi] [32,33], and [Ul Haq and Boz] [34,35] are studies b on different regions, aquaculture in Taiwan, China, case studies in Latin America Iran, and farm studies in Rize province, respectively. The multiple collaborations betw the authors reflected the fact that although the scope of their studies differs, the showed an interest in this field. ...
This study used a bibliometric analysis of 110 scientific papers published between 2002 and 2022 to overview the publication trends and growth potential of sustainable agricultural development assessment studies. The findings showed that the collaboration between authors and institutions was not strong, the journals published were relatively scattered, the coverage of disciplines was wide, more papers were published in higher impact journals, and the authors of the sample articles were mostly from Asian and European countries, the co-citation analysis pointed out more influential authors and journals. The temporal evolution of the keywords identified that researchers focused more on the sustainable operation of agriculture and the methods to assess the degree of sustainability initially, as research progressed and more scientific methods were applied, recent agricultural sustainability research focused on environmental impacts and economic efficiency. According to statistical analysis, the primary level is mostly carried out in three dimensions (economic, social, and environmental), with reference to this principle, this paper summarized the specific indicators appearing in the sample articles and divided them into three subgroups. The results showed that the indicators were selected from a wide range of sources, the entropy weight method and Analytic Hierarchy Process were the most frequent methods of assigning weights to indicators. The present study concludes that the sustainable agricultural development assessment studies are still immature, there is still much room for research on the application of sustainability assessment theory to agrarian systems.
... In recent years, growing concern for the protection of the environment has led to the recognition of sustainability development as one of the most important goals, and attention has been paid to the operations management of enterprises, which has resulted in a extremely broad scope of the surveyed industry. Liu et al. (2011) assessed the sustainable fisheries development in offshore and coastal fisheries in Taiwan and confirmed their potential problems, including employee numbers, incorrect statistical data and unacceptable institutional expense. Abdulrazak and Ahmad (2014) highlighted the attention to sustainable development in Malaysia, especially on the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR). ...
... In Newfoundland, youth perceptions that fishing opportunities are few and are of low-status, and that greater job prospects exist elsewhere are being compounded by the erosion of social ties and capital from outmigration, giving even fewer reasons for potential fishers to stay. The trend of aging fishers is also noted in Taiwan [17], Japan [18], and other OECD countriesincluding France, Scotland, Australia, and the United States [19]. ...
Conventional common property thinking assumes that a central goal of management is to maintain social-ecological systems in a healthy and resilient state, including maintaining the ability of communities to harvest across time and generations. Little research has been done, however, on how common property systems are affected by demographic shifts, the social status of emerging livelihoods, and the employment aspirations of users for their offspring. An empirical case study from Chile (well known for its common property fisheries) suggests that major socio-cultural shifts are now occurring, with a lack of entry by new fishers and an aging population of existing ones. These types of social and cultural changes are increasingly common through globalization and worldwide economic development, and pose significant policy challenges across broad classes of common property systems. The Chilean case reveals that community adaptive capacity can come at the expense of social-ecological common property systems, and highlights the need to consider the broader context of ‘slow’ social variables.
... Based on a review of the history and development of the Taiwanese distant-water fishery policy between 2006 and 2010, and ecological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions (Liu et al., 2011), we describe current Taiwanese distant-water fishery policy goals ( Fig. 1) and the results of these policies in the following section. To actively expand international markets, Taiwan has advised exporters to join groups subsidized by the Council of Agriculture that participate in 14 assorted food and professional conventions, which are hosted in Japan, Hong Kong, China, the United States, Europe, South Korea, and Singapore. ...
... This study referenced indicator groups proposed in international (Adrianto et al., 2005;Charles, 2001;Charles et al., 2002;Chesson et al., 1999;Garcia, 2000;Garcia and Staples, 2000) and domestic studies (Jhan et al., 2012;Li, 2005Li, , 2006Lin, 2009;Liu, 2006;Liu et al., 2011;Lu, 2005). We also referenced indicators associated with Taiwanese distant-water fishery management policies and goals. ...
... We also referenced indicators associated with Taiwanese distant-water fishery management policies and goals. Sixty-one candidate indicators were selected for the ecological, economic, social, and institutional dimensions (Liu et al., 2011), using the Modified Delphi Method questionnaires (Murry and Hammons, 1995). Finally, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to distribute indicator weights and develop the final indicators. ...
