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![Figure 3. Classical MBSE Approach vs. ARCADIA/Capella (see ([48], p. 26)).](profile/Max-Cichocki/publication/363069782/figure/fig2/AS:11431281081445422@1661794750188/Classical-MBSE-Approach-vs-ARCADIA-Capella-see-48-p-26_Q320.jpg)
The trend of sharing concepts is constantly increasing, whether this may be for economic or environmental reasons. Consequently, numerous scientific research works have addressed the subject of sharing concepts. Many of these works have dealt with questions on the topic of sharing concepts itself, however, much less research has been dedicated to t...
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... [4]- [7] On the other side there is a fucus on conceptual solutions, such as improving sustainability and efficiency of these heavy-duty machinery through novel sharing systems. [8], [9] One subproject is the development of a As the previous chapter has shown, there are numerous research activities for the application of IIoT in agriculture, but much less work in the field of biological waste processing and composting. Concerning the domain of model-based systems engineering, research predominantly emphasizes the advancement of methodologies, while leaving the implementation and practical applications often behind. ...
... Since multiple modeling languages describe system models, establishing a consistent modeling structure and clarifying the appropriate method for model creation is essential, especially for the presented methodology's application. [8] ...
This research explores technical and logistical opportunities to achieve Industry 4.0 standards at industrial composting plants through a model-based systems engineering (MBSE) approach. As traditional composting methods rely heavily on manual labor, increased automation and innovation are necessary to meet evolving industry demands. Thus, the present study shows the advancements in the development of an autonomous compost turners through the introduction of an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) module. The module was methodically designed using the MBSE approach, and is intended to manage the acquisition, processing, web-server transmission, and display of compost data. The study demonstrates the successful deployment of the IIoT module within an industrial environment, showing that the adoption of MBSE contributes to improving communication, reducing risk, and increasing efficiency during the engineering development phase. Thus, the implementation of these technologies significantly improves waste management processes, reduces manual labor reliance, and enhances operational efficiency.
... From an economic perspective, PI-based sharing platforms may provide an economic advantage, such as a reduction in costs [8] or increased convenience To overcome these difficulties, the TU Graz and its partners are currently working intensively on solutions, both on aspects of the mechanical engineering domain (development of a fully autonomous electric compost turner, see Figure 1) and on conceptual solutions [25][26][27][28][29]. Our previous work addressed the basic ideas of a sharing platform for compost turners and can thus be considered as a first footstep in this field [30,31]. ...
... To overcome these difficulties, the TU Graz and its partners are currently working intensively on solutions, both on aspects of the mechanical engineering domain (development of a fully autonomous electric compost turner, see Figure 1) and on conceptual solutions [25][26][27][28][29]. Our previous work addressed the basic ideas of a sharing platform for compost turners and can thus be considered as a first footstep in this field [30,31]. To achieve the EU s climate targets concerning a circular economy and composting, this paper presents a systematic methodology for designing and developing a hyperconnected HDM-sharing platform based on an Austrian case study. ...
... Among other reasons, it is necessary to reduce the level of complexity, and mutual interactions between requirements and needs must be described. We consider an approach based on Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE Model) to be suitable for overcoming the above-mentioned challenges [30]. There are numerous approaches and methods in this domain. ...
The Physical Internet (PI) envisions a global logistics system that integrates physical, digital and operational connections. This study aims to develop a hyperconnected logistic platform for heavy-duty machinery (HDM) in the composting industry by utilizing a systematic methodology. The proposed architecture consists of four layers: the Domain Model, the MBSE Model, the Information Sharing Model and the Agent-based Simulation Platform. The Domain Model analyzes the current situation and investigates stakeholder viewpoints, and the MBSE Model reduces complexity and describes mutual interactions between requirements and needs. The Information Sharing Model focuses on the information exchange among the main components, and the Agent-based Simulation Platform implements the proposed platform. The feasibility of the proposed architecture is demonstrated through a use case in Styria, Austria. Three simulation-based scenarios are analyzed, starting from the semi-hyperconnected approach up to the hyperconnected approach with PI vision integration. The results indicate that the hyperconnected platform is successful in serving all composting facilities, leveraging underutilized resources and promoting high-quality compost production. Thus, the platform provides support in a local, communal setting, resulting in enhancing the circular economy within the composting sector. Our efforts aim to contribute to the realization of the Physical Internet vision and promote composting to ultimately achieve a more sustainable future.
... Consequently, there is a critical gap in the current understanding of the potential implications and benefits of interconnected network models. [17] Therefore, this paper proposes and investigates the potential of a Hyperconnected Logistic platform for Heavy-Duty machinery (HLHD) for compost production that leverages Physical Internet (PI) concepts and principles. As synthesized in Figure 1, we introduce the HLHD concept, develop specific deployment scenarios, and investigate through a simulation-based experiment their relative performance to enable the sharing of composting machines under various constraints. ...
Composting plants face significant challenges in meeting increasing quality standards and production rates due to the high costs of essential composting machinery. To address these issues, a Physical Internet based Hyperconnected Logistic Platform for Heavy-Duty Machinery (HLHD) has been proposed. The HLHD system enables composting plant operators to share expensive machinery between plants, allowing for improved efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and enhanced compost production quality.
The HLHD operates by transporting composting machinery between designated hubs and participating composting plants, where they perform their specific tasks during the composting process. To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed HLHD system, a simulation-based study of three distinct scenarios has been conducted.
The first scenario focused on small and medium-sized composting facilities, providing an accessible and cost-effective solution for smaller facilities. In the second scenario, all composting facilities participate in the HLHD to an equal extent, while the third scenario assumed that big composting plants already own the necessary equipment. However, since the utilization of machinery at these large farms is generally low, they participate in the HLHD by serving as hubs once their machinery is idle.
Overall, the HLHD system shows great potential in addressing the challenges faced by composting plants. The proposed system can lead to improved resource utilization, enhanced efficiency, and reduced costs, ultimately leading to better quality compost production.
... A virtual instance of a physical system (twin) is generated in the production of a digital twin [24]. Digital Twins can replicate all the characteristics and parameters of real devices digitally, and the developed virtual models receive frequent updates from multiple data sources to learn actively and stay updated [34,44,45]. The current manufacturing systems, production processes, and products embrace full digitalization. ...
... Similarly, virtual modules have been applied in online educational processes, such as in architecture, engineering, management, and construction (AEC) [3,47]. In healthcare and well-being, digital twin technology drives the transformation and maintenance of old-style electronic health/medical records (focused on individuals) into readily available digital entities [17,44,45]. Concerning Covid-19, digital twin technology has enabled support to integrate physical and virtual systems and real-time patient flow mapping to develop a sustainable and dynamic vaccination center [44,48,49]. ...
... In healthcare and well-being, digital twin technology drives the transformation and maintenance of old-style electronic health/medical records (focused on individuals) into readily available digital entities [17,44,45]. Concerning Covid-19, digital twin technology has enabled support to integrate physical and virtual systems and real-time patient flow mapping to develop a sustainable and dynamic vaccination center [44,48,49]. DT generates data and information to provide numerous optimization possibilities for a cyber-physical system. ...
The paper focuses on the relationship between businesses and digital transformation, and how digital transformation has changed manufacturing in several ways. Aspects like Cloud Computing, vertical and horizontal integration, data communication, and the internet have contributed to sustainable manufacturing by decentralizing supply chains. In addition, digital transformation inventions such as predictive analysis and big data analytics have helped optimize sustainable manufacturing by reducing overproduction or underproduction through predicting customer demands. It integrates digital technology to enhance business operations, consumer engagement, supply chains, and coordination, the manufacturing process, energy conservation, efficiency, and environmental conservation and culture to satisfy business needs. Businesses’ failure to embrace digital transformation in this era contributes to their demise. This research paper will analyze and contrast several businesses and the extent of digital transformation’s influence on them during COVID-19. A two-stage study is conducted, the first stage assesses a chosen exemplary business success over three years. The second stage investigates the reasons for success, or otherwise, and the connection to digitalization in the business. Our outcomes suggest that digital transformation strongly influences firms’ effectiveness and survival from a technology-centric and business model standpoint. Some essential generic recommendations are suggested based on the results obtained.
... Thus, a sharing system for heavy-duty vehicles in the composting industry is currently being investigated, which is intended to help mitigate the barrier of high acquisition expenditures, especially for smaller plants. [9] ...
The present dissertation contributes to facilitating the transformation of industrial composting plants towards standards of Industry 4.0. Optimization potentials are analyzed, and systematic-methodical approaches to solutions are developed. The focus is on the investigation within a technical-logistic context. Thus, the dissertation addresses two key research objectives: the development of an autonomous, intelligent compost turner, and a comprehensive hyperconnected platform for heavy-duty machinery sharing.
This study investigates the development of an autonomous compost turner to overcome the challenges of traditional composting methods and improve waste management efficiency. The project involved creating processes and interfaces on a Soft-PLC, integrating the PLC into an IIoT module, and testing the module's functionality through Hardware-in-the-Loop simulations. In the final phase, the IIoT module was integrated into a prototype that was evaluated in an industrial environment. This research aims to contribute to a cleaner and greener environment by enhancing recycling and composting practices.
