Figure 1 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Mucormycosis is considered one of the most dangerous invasive fungal diseases. In this study, a facile, green and eco-friendly method was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Pseudomonas indica S. Azhar, to combat fungi causing mucormycosis. The biosynthesis of AgNPs was validated by a progressive shift in the color of P. indica...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... the production of AgNPs, the previously prepared bacterial biomass filtrate of P. indica was employed as follows: in a 250 mL flask, 1 mM silver nitrate was combined with 100 mL biomass filtrate and incubated at 36 ± 2 • C for 24 h, and agitated at 150 rpm, as shown in Figure 1. Negative controls (cell filtrate) were also run along with the experiment. ...
Similar publications
This study was conducted in the laboratories of the College of Agriculture and Marshlands, University of Thi Qar, South of Iraq. The paper presents the effect of sucrose concentration and culture medium on the colonies of fungal infections in MS medium (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) basal medium supplemented with four variants of sucrose (0 control, 1...
Citations
... Silver, zinc, copper, and titanium are the metals that are most frequently used as NPs [14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Researchers interested in nanotechnology like AgNPs because they have antibacterial and antiviral properties [21][22][23]. Their predilection is heightened by their low toxicity, intrinsic charge, greater surface area, and crystalline structure [24]. In a certain quantity, selenium (Se) is an essential element for individuals, plants, and animals. ...
... TEM examination demonstrated a strong distinction between the fungal extract-derived AgNPs and manufactured SeNPs. TEM images show that the great majority of NPs are spherical and evenly dispersed, which is consistent with earlier findings [23,49]. In the current study, the particle sizes of Se and Ag ranged between 25.4 and 80.6 nm and between 14.28 and 30.58 nm, respectively, which were prepared from the T. viride extract. ...
Some of the significant globally prevalent vector-borne illnesses are caused by Culex pipiens. Synthetic pesticides have been widely utilized to eradicate C. pipiens, which has led to a number of health risks for people, insect resistance, and environmental contamination. Alternative strategies are therefore vitally needed. In the current investigation, the Trichoderma viride fungal culture filtrate was used to create selenium and silver nanoparticles (SeNPs and AgNPs, respectively) and test them on C. pipiens larvae in their fourth instar stage. The death rate increased significantly when SeNP and AgNP concentrations increased, according to the results. SeNPs and AgNPs significantly affected the developmental and detoxification enzymes in fourth instar larvae of C. pipiens at 24 h after being treated with the sublethal concentration of the tested NPs. As a result of their insecticidal effect on C. pipiens larvae, SeNPs and AgNPs are considered effective and promising larvicidal agents.
... This interaction can damage cell walls and the cytoplasmic membrane, enzymes in the respiratory chain are inactivated, protein denaturation and reactive oxygen species occur, and DNA is damaged, leading to cell death. [82,83] The small size of the Ag NPs synthesized in the study provided a higher antibacterial effect (Table 1). ...
... Frontiers in Microbiology 04 frontiersin.org as described by Salem et al. (2022) with minor modifications. In brief, a 0.1 mM solution of DPPH in ethanol was prepared. ...
Biosynthetic metals have attracted global attention because of their safety, affordability, and environmental friendliness. As a consequence, the cell-free filtrate (CFF) of Dill leaf-derived endophytic fungus Aspergillus luchuensis was employed for the extracellularly synthesis silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). A reddish-brown color shift confirmed that AgNPs were successfully produced. The obtained AgNPs were characterized by UV–Vis (ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FTIR, EDX, and zeta potential. Results demonstrated the creation of crystalline AgNPs with a spherical shape at 427.81 nm in the UV–Vis spectrum, and size ranged from 16 to 18 nm as observed by TEM. Additionally, the biogenic AgNPs had a promising antibacterial activity versus multidrug-resistant bacteria, notably, S. aureus, E. coli, and S. typhi. The highest growth reduction was recorded in the case of E. coli. Furthermore, the biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated potent antifungal potential versus a variety of harmful fungi. The maximum growth inhibition was evaluated from A. brasinsilles, followed by C. albicans as compared to cell-free extract and AgNO3. In addition, data revealed that AgNPs possess powerful antioxidant activity, and their ability to scavenge radicals increased from 33.0 to 85.1% with an increment in their concentration from 3.9 to 1,000 μg/mL. Furthermore, data showed that AgNPs displayed high catalytic activity of safranin under light irradiation. The maximum decolorization percentage (100%) was observed after 6 h. Besides, the biosynthesized AgNPs showed high insecticidal potential against 3rd larval instar of Culex pipiens. Taken together, data suggested that endophytic fungus, A. luchuensis, is an attractive candidate as an environmentally sustainable and friendly fungal nanofactory.
... Metal nanoparticles are incredibly useful in many industries, including electronics, purifying of water, medicine, and several biotechnologies [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Numerous procedures have been developed for the synthesis of NPs due to the large variety of uses afforded by these materials in various branches of research and industry [14][15][16][17][18]. Silver (Ag) NPs have received the most attention among the NPs now being used because of their distinctive properties, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungal, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities [19][20][21][22]. ...
Scientists know very little about the mechanisms underlying fish skin mucus, despite the fact that it is a component of the immune system. Fish skin mucus is an important component of defence against invasive infections. Recently, Fish skin and its mucus are gaining interest among immunologists. Characterization was done on the obtained silver nanoparticles Ag combined with Clarias gariepinus catfish epidermal mucus proteins (EMP-Ag-NPs) through UV–vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, and SEM. Ag-NPs ranged in size from 4 to 20 nm, spherical in form and the angles were 38.10°, 44.20°, 64.40°, and 77.20°, Where wavelength change after formation of EMP-Ag-NPs as indicate of dark brown, the broad band recorded at wavelength at 391 nm. Additionally, the antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities of EMP-Ag-NPs was assessed. The present results demonstrate high activity against unicellular fungi C. albicans, followed by E. faecalis. Antibiofilm results showed strong activity against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa pathogens in a dose-dependent manner, without affecting planktonic cell growth. Also, cytotoxicity effect was investigated against normal cells (Vero), breast cancer cells (Mcf7) and hepatic carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines at concentrations (200–6.25 µg/mL) and current results showed highly anticancer effect of Ag-NPs at concentrations 100, 5 and 25 µg/mL exhibited rounding, shrinkage, deformation and granulation of Mcf7 and HepG2 with IC50 19.34 and 31.16 µg/mL respectively while Vero cells appeared rounded at concentration 50 µg/mL and normal shape at concentration 25, 12.5 and 6.25 µg/ml with IC50 35.85 µg/mL. This study evidence the potential efficacy of biologically generated Ag-NPs as a substitute medicinal agent against harmful microorganisms. Furthermore, it highlights their inhibitory effect on cancer cell lines.
... XRD (Bruker AXS, D8 Advance) was used to analyze the crystallite structure and size of the AgNPs. The XRD pattern was recorded by Cu-Kα radiation with about 1.54060 Å (2θ range from 20° to 80°) 68 . FTIR was used to identify the functional groups and various phytochemical constituents involved in the reduction, capping, and stabilization of the synthesized AgNPs in the range of 4000-400 cm −1 . ...
The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in powder form using the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica. The synthesis of AgNPs was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, FESEM, and EDX. The synthesized AgNPs were in a powdered state and dispersed completely in 5% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and demonstrated prolonged shelf life and enhanced bioavailability over a year without any aggregation. The resulting silver nanoformulation demonstrated complete inhibition against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Colletotrichum falcatum and 68% to 80% inhibition against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Rhizoctonia solani respectively, at 2000 ppm. The EC50 values determined through a statistical analysis were 66.42, 157.7, 19.06, and 33.30 ppm for S. sclerotiorum, C. falcatum, C. gloeosporioides, and R. solani respectively. The silver nanoformulation also established significant cytotoxicity, with a 74.96% inhibition rate against the human glioblastoma cell line U87MG at 250 ppm. The IC50 value for the cancerous cell lines was determined to be 56.87 ppm through statistical analysis. The proposed silver nanoformulation may be used as a next-generation fungicide in crop improvement and may also find application in anticancer investigations. To the best of our knowledge, this is also the first report of silver nanoformulation demonstrating complete inhibition against the economically significant phytopathogen C. falcatum.
... The biological process, or "green synthesis of NPs," is more effective, more accessible, ecologically friendly, and less costly than the chemical and physical alternatives [14][15][16][17]. Fungi, plants, as well as bacteria may all create NPs through either extracellular or intracellular mechanisms [18][19][20]. The chemical composition of the metals is altered by reducing agents, which are produced by different living cells as a defense against toxins [21,22]. ...
Metallic nanoparticles (Au and Ag) were synthesized through simple, rapid, eco-friendly and an economical method with a new cell-free filtrate Fusarium pseudonygamai TB-13 cell as both reducing and stabilizing. The desired nanoparticles (Ag and Au) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) to reach the maximum yield of NPs. To attain the ideal reaction state, the central composite face design and the efficient variables in the environmentally friendly synthesis reaction were utilized. Temperature, pH, and precursor concentrations were determined to be the most useful variables for producing Au and Ag nanomaterials. An acceptable foot was employed in the model’s realization. The various elements were optimized using surface plots, contour plots, pareto charts,, analysis of variance (ANOVA), normal probability-plots, interaction plots, including effect-plots, and surface plots. A significance criterion of 5% was applied to each and every element. Some of the possible relationships between these variables also had an impact on the production process. The suggested predictive model provided a very good match to the data obtained from experiments. In comparison to conventional optimization methodologies, the study’s findings examined whether or not more biofabrication was achievable under ideal fermentation-conditions for the production of Au and Ag nanoparticles.
... The results indicated that AgNPs were biosynthesized using P. indica metabolites, and that the AgNPs were described using several innovative methodologies. Furthermore, no resistance was displayed by Rhizopus microsporus, Mucor racemosus, and Syncephalastrum racemosum to the biosynthesized AgNPs' exceptional antifungal activity (Salem et al., 2022). Numerous biologically active Chi/Ag-NPs have been produced. ...
... Recently, the preferred approach for synthesising nanoparticles is by green synthesis using various biological entities such as (plants, algae, fungi, bacteria, viruses, and actinomycetes) which is preferred due to its safe, clean, costeffective, and easily accessible method for large-scale NPs synthesis (Aref and Salem 2020;Al-Rajhi et al. 2022;Salem et al. 2022;Al-Zahrani et al. 2022). The investigation into the impact of green AgNPs on E. pellita produced in vitro holds substantial significance for the fields of agriculture and environmental research. ...
The antimicrobial activity of green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) offers a promising approach for combating in vitro pathogen infections in Eucalyptus pellita (E. pellita) plants. This strategy provides an environmentally sustainable method to improve plant health and resistance. The effect of green synthesised AgNPs on the pathogen-infected in vitro regenerated E. pellita plantlets was examined. Firstly, shoots regenerated from cotyledonary leaf explants of E. pellita were examined in vitro through a direct organogenesis technique using murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.4, 1.3, 2.2, 3.1 and 3.9 µM) of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The elongated shoots were rooted in vitro using ½ MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 µM) of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). The highest shoot formation from cotyledonary leaves was observed in the MS media supplemented with 2.2 µM BAP, followed by 3.1 µM BAP giving a mean of 7.4 and 6 shoots per explant, respectively. The highest root formation was observed in the ½ MS media supplemented with 1.5 µM IBA, yielding an average of 17.47 roots per explant. Secondly, the antibacterial effect of green AgNPs on tissue-cultured plants was examined by inoculating green AgNPs and three bacterial strains (Bacillus sp. strain EU_UPM1, Pantoea dispersa strain EU_UPM3 and Pantoea dispersa strain EU_UPM2). The results showed that green AgNPs controlled bacterial growth at 100 ppm concentration. The focal point of the current research is to use of green synthesised AgNPs as an efficient antibacterial agent that particularly targets in vitro pathogen infections in E. pellita plants. Thus, this study finds that green AgNPs possess potent antibacterial activity and could therefore be developed as a promising antimicrobial agent for the treatment of bacterial infections, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
... However, these synthesis processes are very costly and produce toxic by-products since they use dangerous chemicals that are bad for the environment [19]. Because of its benefits over physicochemical techniques lower energy needs, non-toxic reagents, biocompatibility, simplicity of processing, better stability, elimination of unnecessary processing during synthesis, and sustainability the biological method is recommended [20][21][22]. Physicochemical methods can result in hazardous consequences and are still somewhat costly [23][24][25][26][27]. Biological agents including bacteria, fungus, yeast, actinomycetes, and plants are used in the biological approach of NPs synthesis [28][29][30][31]. Numerous enzymes (metabolites) produced by biological entities decrease metallic ions through enzymatic processes [32,33]. ...
In the current study, the optimal reaction condition for fabrication of Au and Ag nanoparticles by using Trichoderma saturnisporum was developed. Optimization of fermentation conditions for extracellular AuNPs and AgNPs synthesis using response surface methodology was achieved. To accomplish the ideal reaction state, the green synthesis reaction’s effective parameters and central composite face design were used. Precursor concentrations, pH, and temperature were found to be the most effective parameters for the fabrication of Au and Ag nanomaterials. The model’s realization used a respectable foot. Normal probability plots; interaction plots, including effect plots; variance analysis (ANOVA), surface plots; contour plots; and Pareto charts were used to optimize the components. Significance threshold (5%) was used to influence all of the factors. The production process was also influenced by some of the potential connections between these factors. The recommended regression model fits the experimental data extremely well. The findings of this study looked at how much more bio-fabrication was possible with optimal fermentation conditions for the producer of AuNPs and AgNPs compared with traditional optimization techniques.
... At a concentration of 25 µg/mL, AgNPs inhibited the growth of these fungi in the range of approximately 30-50% depending on the strain, while these values at a concentration of 200 µg/mL ranged between 65 and 90% [51]. Salem et al. carried out an environmentally friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Pseudomonas indica S. Azhar [52]. The studies of the antifungal activity of these molecules focused on fungi that cause mucormycosis, a dangerous disease that affects mainly people with diabetes or cancer or after transplants. ...
Silver nanoparticles have long been known for their antibacterial properties. Recently, increasing numbers of studies confirm that they have antifungal properties as well. Due to the increasing number of these studies, this review was performed, summarizing most of the research conducted so far in this field and presenting the results of the activity of silver nanoparticles against fungal pathogens of humans and plants, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles, and the mechanism of action. The combined activity with antifungal drugs and toxicity assessment is also presented. The review describes the antifungal activity of silver nanoparticles against pathogens such as F. oxysporum, F. graminearum, T. asahii, B. cinerea, P. concavum, and Pestalotia sp. as well as many species of the genus Candida. The green synthesis of these nanoparticles has been carried out from many species of plants and microorganisms. The research cited in this review confirms the fact that silver nanoparticles obtained using green synthesis exhibit antifungal activity and can therefore be an excellent alternative to the chemical synthesis of these particles. All this proves that silver nanoparticles have a great potential to be used as a potential antifungal agent in the future.
