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When questioning the veracity of an utterance, we perceive certain non-linguistic behaviours to indicate that a speaker is being deceptive. Recent work has highlighted that listeners’ associations between speech disfluency and dishonesty are detectable at the earliest stages of reference comprehension, suggesting that the manner of spoken delivery...
Citations
... The result reports that listeners attend to the gesture more in mismatched pairing of speech gestures, or attempt to reconcile conflicting information from speech and gesture, suggesting that gestures have a strong influence on the audience's comprehension of the message. This result is consistent with examples of the McGurk effect which has shown that mismatches between gesture and speech confuse the understanding of spoken syllables 24,26,27 , and are perceived as deceptive 28 . People unconsciously execute and integrate multimodal information: When they ask questions, eyebrows may be raised; when they emphasize an important word in a message, the word may come with beat gestures. ...
During the pandemic, digital communication became paramount. Due to the discrepancy between the placement of the camera and the screen in typical smartphones, tablets and laptops, mutual eye contact cannot be made in standard video communication. Although the positive effect of eye contact in traditional communication has been well-documented, its role in virtual contexts remains less explored. In this study, we conducted experiments to gauge the impact of gaze direction during a simulated online job interview. Twelve university students were recruited as interviewees. The interview consisted of two recording sessions where they delivered the same prepared speech: in the first session, they faced the camera, and in the second, they directed their gaze towards the screen. Based on the recorded videos, we created three stimuli: one where the interviewee’s gaze was directed at the camera (CAM), one where the interviewee’s gaze was skewed downward (SKW), and a voice-only stimulus without camera recordings (VO). Thirty-eight full-time workers participated in the study and evaluated the stimuli. The results revealed that the SKW condition garnered significantly less favorable evaluations than the CAM condition and the VO condition. Moreover, a secondary analysis indicated a potential gender bias in evaluations: the female evaluators evaluated the interviewees of SKW condition more harshly than the male evaluators did, and the difference in some evaluation criteria between the CAM and SKW conditions was larger for the female interviewees than for the male interviewees. Our findings emphasize the significance of gaze direction and potential gender biases in online interactions.
... Non-verbal communication cues can influence the message's perception and processing (Newman et al., 2016;King et al., 2020). We use our body and voice changes to reinforce or qualify what we are saying, convey emotions, attitudes, and intentions, regulate the flow of communication, establish contact, and provide feedback with/to other people. ...
... With prosody, gestures are important for a message's perception and information processing (King et al., 2020;Rodero et al., 2022). Inside this category, hand gestures are the spontaneous movements individuals make with their hands while talking (Wagner et al., 2014). ...
... Therefore, its use has shown to be beneficial for perception and cognitive processing, especially compared to the lack of them (Ekman et al., 1980;Loehr, 2004). For perception, people that use hand gestures are considered as more effective (Beattie and Shovelton, 2005), persuasive (Jackob et al., 2011;Peters and Hoetjes, 2017), credible (Maricchiolo et al., 2009), dominant (Gnisci and Pace, 2014), extrovert (Neff et al., 2010), sociable (Burgoon et al., 1990), and honest (King et al., 2020). Therefore, there is a positive perception when someone uses hand movements. ...
Some non-verbal cues, such as voice pitch and gestures, can influence the individual's emotional response to different messages. For this reason, non-verbal communication can be understood as the language of emotion, while the content is the language of ideas. But the research question here is what voice pitch and hand gesture strategies are more effective, attractive, and elicit a stronger emotional response. To answer this question, this study analyzes some pitch and hand gesture strategies in public discourses. In the experiment, 120 participants were exposed to different public presentations with three conditions for voice pitch (few, medium, and many variations) and three for hand gestures (smooth, medium, and strong intensity). Then, they rated the effectiveness and attractiveness levels and self-report arousal and valence while their emotional response was registered. Physiological arousal was measured with electrodermal activity (EDA) and valence with facial expression recognition. Participants perceived the medium pitch variations and the medium intensity of gestures as the most effective and attractive strategies with the highest self-reported arousal and valence. The combination that elicited the strongest autonomic arousal was medium pitch variations-strong gestures. Finally, the most positive emotional valence was for many pitch variations and medium gestures and the happiest for the combination many-strong.
... Furthermore, it is usual to observe higher truth detection accuracy than lie detection accuracy, which stems from truth bias, that is, a tendency to judge messages as truths rather than as lies [10]. Past research has also repeatedly shown that people usually hold incorrect beliefs about cues to deception [11][12][13][14][15], thereby hinting at reliance on stereotypical behavioral cues when assessing the veracity of others as the reason behind poor lie detection [14,[16][17][18][19][20]. ...
Social power undermines focus on others and increases reliance on stereotype-consistent information. Thus, power may enhance focus on stereotypical cues to deception, thereby decreasing lie detection accuracy. In three studies, we tested whether having power affects lie detection accuracy. Participants (overall N = 502) were asked to identify truthful and lying candidates ( N = 12) during mock job interviews. Study 1 was a field experiment involving employees who held managerial and non-managerial positions ( N = 88). In the following laboratory experiments, we manipulated power and asked participants to imagine themselves as managers (Study 2, N = 214) or provided them with control over resources and the ability to reward others (Study 3, N = 200). In Studies 2 and 3, we additionally manipulated the method of lie detection (direct vs. indirect). In contrast to the original hypotheses, we found that power led to increased veracity assessment accuracy. Having power over others enhances the accuracy of one’s veracity assessment, although this increase is small and limited to lie detection (Study 1) or direct judgments (Studies 2 & 3). Together, power affects the processing of social information and what aspects of this information are taken into account.
This study investigates pragmatic language impairment, Theory of Mind (ToM), and emotion regulation in adolescents with Developmental Dyslexia(DD). The Social Responsiveness Scale-2(SRS) and Children's Communication Checklist-2(CCC-2) scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in the DD group than in healthy controls. DD group had lower performance in ToM skills and they have more difficulties in emotion regulation. We also found that CCC-2 and ToM scores were significantly correlated in adolescents with DD. These results may be important in understanding the difficulties experienced in social functioning and interpersonal relationships in adolescents with DD.
Purpose:
Communication is as much persuasion as it is the transfer of information. This creates a tension between the interests of the speaker and those of the listener, as dishonest speakers naturally attempt to hide deceptive speech and listeners are faced with the challenge of sorting truths from lies. Listeners with hearing impairment in particular may have differing levels of access to the acoustical cues that give away deceptive speech. A greater tendency toward speech pauses has been hypothesized to result from the cognitive demands of lying convincingly. Higher vocal pitch has also been hypothesized to mark the increased anxiety of a dishonest speaker.
Method:
Listeners with or without hearing impairments heard short utterances from natural conversations, some of which had been digitally manipulated to contain either increased pausing or raised vocal pitch. Listeners were asked to guess whether each statement was a lie in a two-alternative forced-choice task. Participants were also asked explicitly which cues they believed had influenced their decisions.
Results:
Statements were more likely to be perceived as a lie when they contained pauses, but not when vocal pitch was raised. This pattern held regardless of hearing ability. In contrast, both groups of listeners self-reported using vocal pitch cues to identify deceptive statements, though at lower rates than pauses.
Conclusions:
Listeners may have only partial awareness of the cues that influence their impression of dishonesty. Listeners with hearing impairment may place greater weight on acoustical cues according to the differing degrees of access provided by hearing aids.
Supplemental material:
https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24052446.
The ability to deliver a speech effectively and persuade the audience is fundamental in the professional landscape. Nonverbal features, such as voice and gestures, are crucial to improving listeners’ perception and information processing in a public presentation. In nonverbal communication research, most studies have mainly examined the individual effects of these features and not their combined influence. Therefore, this study analyzes the direct and interaction effects of intonation, speech rate, and hand gestures on the speakers’ credibility and effectiveness and the participants’ psychophysiological response (attention and arousal). Results showed that the best combination was a moderate intonation at a medium speech rate with a moderate number of hand gestures. These results supported the so-called Expressive Balance Effect. Speakers must maintain the expressive load of the different nonverbal cues in balance to be more effective and credible and enhance the listeners’ cognitive processing. These findings are helpful recommendations for public speakers.
