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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) comprises Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Crohns Disease (CD) with unknown aetiology. Most of the drugs used to treat IBD as standard treatment produce adverse effects during long term therapy. Evidence has suggested a role of intestinal microbiota in IBD. The use of probiotics and prebiotics is the natural approach to...
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The intestinal microbiota is one of the key players in the etiology of ulcerative colitis. Manipulation of this microflora with probiotics and prebiotics is an attractive strategy in the management of ulcerative colitis. Several intervention studies for both the induction and maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis patients have been perform...
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... All HIV-1-positive patients received a high-concentration lyophilized multistrain probiotic powder supplement twice a day for six months. The probiotic preparation daily dosage was 1.8 × 10 12 live bacteria, according to the previously reported studies [45,46]. The product containing the same strains present in the preparation employed in our study ( ...
Recently the tryptophan pathway has been considered an important determinant of HIV-1 infected patients' quality of life, due to the toxic effects of its metabolites on the central nervous system (CNS). Since the dysbiosis described in HIV-1 patients might be responsible for the microbial translocation, the chronic immune activation, and the altered utilization of tryptophan observed in these individuals, we speculated a correlation between high levels of immune activation markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of HIV-1 infected patients and the over-expression of indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) at the gut mucosal surface. In order to evaluate this issue, we measured the levels of neopterin in CSF, and the expression of IDO mRNA in gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), in HIV-1-infected patients on effective combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), at baseline and after six months of probiotic dietary management. We found a significant reduction of neopterin and IDO mRNA levels after the supplementation with probiotic. Since the results for the use of adjunctive therapies to reduce the levels of immune activation markers in CSF have been disappointing so far, our pilot study showing the efficacy of this specific probiotic product should be followed by a larger confirmatory trial.
