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Well-known processes for developing blood prints (i.e., amido black, leucocrystal violet, and Hungarian red) were tested to recover bloody fingerprints from cadaver skin. Several tests with varying quantities of blood on a thumb and fingers were tested to determine the most effective process. The process using Hungarian red proved to be the most su...
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In this article an experiment is presented on common bloody fingerprint enhancement methods; amido black and Hungarian red were applied on water-diluted blood. Different dilution ratios were studied. Amido black had better results, as fingerprints in 9 : 1 water-blood dilution could be enhanced to show clear level II details, while Hungarian red co...
Experience identifying visual objects and categories improves generalization within the same class (e.g., discriminating bird species improves transfer to new bird species), but does such perceptual expertise transfer to coarser category judgments? We tested whether fingerprint experts, who spend their days comparing pairs of prints and judging whe...
Aim: Fingerprint is one of the personal and reliable physical features. The fingerprint has an important role in forensics, and it is used in the detection of criminals and identity checks. Studies on different races have been conducted, but no interracial comparison has been found in the literature. In this study, we have investigated the effect o...
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... A gumifólira felvett magyar vörös lumineszcens tulajdonságokat mutat. Mind a magyar vörös, mind az amidofekete képes véres nyomok előhívására emberi bőrről is, a magyar vörös akár élő ember bőrén is alkalmazható az egészségkárosodás veszélye nélkül (Petrétei & Angyal, 2015). ...
Cél: A kétrészes tanulmány második fele bemutatja a daktiloszkópiai nyomkutatási módszerek közül a vegyi nyomkutatás eszközeit és eljárásait, azok csoportosítását, rövid történetét, fejlődésének tendenciáit.Módszertan: A dolgozat az utóbbi évtizedben megjelent legjelentősebb külföldi szakkönyvek, illetve több tucat szakcikk feldolgozásával azok szintézisét végzi el. Megjelennek benne a szerző korábban publikált saját kutatási eredményei is.Megállapítások: Az úgynevezett vegyi nyomkutató módszerek mind a mai napig töretlenül fejlődnek. Az aminosav-reagensek az ötvenes évek óta fejlődnek, néhány vegyszer nem állta ki az idők próbáját, néhány pedig a mai napig széles körben alkalmazásra kerül. Az ezüstnitrát eredeti formájában meghaladottá vált, de a belőle kifejlődött PD elterjedt, az abból kifejlődött MMD és SMD módszerek pedig ígéretesek. Az elektrokémiai módszerek többsége egyelőre csak kísérleti stádiumban van.Érték: A hazai szakirodalomban ilyen alapos áttekintés régóta nem született a témában.
... Detecting patent fingermarks, which are visible to the naked eye, should also be considered crucial in criminal investigations, particularly at violent crime scenes. Petretei & Angyal [20] made some effort in detecting experimentally produced fingermarks contaminated with blood on the skin of cadavers. The authors compared the utilization of Amido Black, Gentian Violet, and Acid Fuchsin for the enhancement of the samples. ...
... Forensic Sciences 2019, vol. 120, 267-277 the course of previous experiments, it was applied to human skin without any irritation or other detrimental effects (Petretei, Angyal, 2015). The methanol-based amido black and its methanol-based rinsing liquid, on the other hand, is toxic and flammable, because of the methanol. ...
In this article an experiment is presented on common bloody fingerprint enhancement methods; amido black and Hungarian red were applied on water-diluted blood. Different dilution ratios were studied. Amido black had better results, as fingerprints in 9 : 1 water-blood dilution could be enhanced to show clear level II details, while Hungarian red could only enhance the contours of prints even at a 1 : 1 water-blood dilution ratio. Water dilution of blood-and hence the presence of fingerprints in diluted blood-can occur at crime scenes, and two of the most common enhancement dyes have different limitations when applied to diluted blood.
... The scientist Mironov (А. И. Миронов) in his monograph "A Trasological Study of the Skin Relief of the Human Traces" indicated that the skin area of an adult is about 16,000 cm², and the papillae pattern area is about 850 cm², which is about 5 % of all skin area [16,3]. ...
Papillae pattern prints play an essential role in identification of a person. However, their presence on the object found at the scene does not mean that the identified person committed a specific crime or participated in the concealment of the crime. Therefore, no less important is the object on which there are possible papillae pattern prints left, the mechanism of formation and location of them on the object. The skin of a victim, on which one can visualise the papillae pattern prints, can be one of such objects. However, there is a number of factors that may affect the genesis of papillae pattern prints on human skin that one cannot have an impact on. Identifying study and analysis of such factors may affect testing and introduction of visualisation methods of such prints. Papillārlīniju rakstu pēdām ir būtiska loma personas identifikācijā. Tomēr to atrašanās uz kāda objekta, kas atrasts notikuma vietā, vēl nenozīmē, ka identificētā persona ir izdarījusi konkrēto noziedzīgo nodarījumu vai ņēmusi dalību noziedzīga nodarījuma slēpšanā. Tāpēc ne mazāk svarīgs ir objekts, uz kura ir atstātas iespējamās papillārlīniju rakstu pēdas, un jautājums, kāds ir pēdu veidošanās mehānisms un izvietojums uz objekta. Viens no šādiem objektiem varētu būt upura āda, uz kuras ir iespējams vizualizēt papillārlīniju rakstu pēdas. Tomēr pastāv vairāki faktori, kas var ietekmēt papillārlīniju rakstu pēdu ģenēzi uz cilvēka ādas un kurus mēs nevaram ietekmēt. Šādu faktoru apzināšana, izpēte un analīze varētu ietekmēt šo pēdu vizualizēšanas metožu aprobēšanu un ieviešanu praksē.
... In most cases, the latent fingerprint is the most common, it is invisible to the naked eye [1,5,6], and can be further classified into bloody fingerprints and sweat fingerprints, according to the fingerprint residues. The bloody fingerprint, because of its easy and specific combination with chemical reagents on account of hemoglobin in the blood [7], is easily developed. The development of sweat fingerprints, however, still remains a problem. ...
The recognition of fingerprints has played an extremely important role in criminal investigations, due to its uniqueness. This paper reports on the recognition of sweat latent fingerprints using green-emitting, environment-friendly carbon dots prepared with DL-malic acid and ethylenediamine, and the exploration of impacting factors in the development process of fingerprints. The experiments showed that better fingerprint images could be obtained when the latent fingerprints are developed in green-emitting carbon dots with pH 9 for 30 min, at room temperature. The reported method was also effective for latent fingerprints on a variety of substrates, as well as for those water-immersed ones, where the developed fingerprint remained stable after long-term preservation. Furthermore, the fluorescent three-dimensional fingerprint image could provide direct and simple evidence on pressing habits. The objective of this paper was to present this method. The method may help to narrow the range of suspects during criminal investigations and in forensic science.
... Blood holds impressions well because it is highly viscous and once dried, impressions are very stable regardless of substrate porosity. A number of studies have conducted research trials associated with the enhancement of blood impressions [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] but deposition variability associated with the impressions or how this variability impacted the outcomes of the studies was often not discussed. ...
... Some variables that have garnered attention are the laboratory conditions depositor, skin temperature, volume, temperature of biofluid, pre-deposition waiting time, deposition pressure angle and deposition pressure time. Studies that have controlled some of these variables have mainly been associated with the deposition of eccrine/sebaceous [1,17,[19][20][21][22] and blood impressions [7,11,13,15,23] but these guidelines should be considered essential for all fluids being used for research testing. ...
... The latter is deemed a more realistic collection method for comparing laboratory impressions, because grooming or loading then directly depositing the impression will result in substantially more materials for creating impressions than if the materials are distributed more naturally by finger or hand rubbing [1,18,35]. Blood impression studies have also addressed some deposition parameters, including describing application of the fluid to friction skin such as dipping fingers into blood [11] and then blotting them on paper to remove excess [9,12] or shaking off the excess [10]. Others discussed placing a finger onto a blood-filled sponge [14] or paper towel [8]. ...
A number of factors can affect the quality of deposited impressions making it difficult to generate consistent reproducible impressions for analysis and can potentially affect the results of impression-based research. In order to determine the effectiveness of chemical and physical enhancement methods for testing new products, comparing existing products, or validating methods and products for implementation in forensic laboratories, impression quality must be reproducible throughout the research trials. In creating consistency the substrate and biofluid in which the impressions are made must be controlled. It is important to maintain a constant laboratory temperature, as well as controlling the parameters associated with impression deposition, such as the ratio of friction skin surface area to the volume of biofluid pre-deposition waiting time, deposition pressure, angle and deposi-tion pressure time. The ability to control for the impression deposition variables allows examiners to accurately assess enhancement methods based on optimal reproducible impressions. Variable impression quality prior to enhancement will influence the accuracy of results. Therefore deposition parameters should be standardized and adopted for each biofluid and substrate used in impression based research trials. Variations in composition and viscosity of biofluids influence the ability of a fingerprint to hold impression details. The most common and most studied biofluid found within an impression is eccrine/ sebaceous sweat. Friction skin contains eccrine pores embedded in skin, which secrete eccrine sweat; composed mainly of water with the remaining mixture containing organic and inorganic materials. In contrast sebaceous sweat is primarily composed of fatty acids, glycerides, cholesterol, squalene and lipid esters [1,2]. Environmental contaminants, such as cosmetics, hair products and tobacco use may also affect the chemical composition of deposited impressions [3]. Most fingerprints are deposited in a mixture of eccrine and sebaceous materials as sweat is constantly secreted from all types of skin pores. In fact most impressions will contain some amount of touch eccrine/ sebaceous material, even if in combination with other biofluid such as non-human oil, blood, semen and saliva. Non-human oil is the term used in this study to describe any food-based oil in which impression evidence could be deposited. Impressions deposited in oils can be transferred from food sources while eating or cooking to a variety of different substrates. The composition and viscosity of oils have the ability to create fragile yet valuable impressions that can be collected and enhanced as evidence. Some studies have analyzed oil or grease impressions in regard to determining suitable enhancement methods [4,5] but few studies have been published on this topic. Blood is another biofluid frequently encountered at the scene of violent crimes, and it is therefore likely that impression evidence may be present. Blood is composed of erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets and plasma which contain a mixture of amino acids, proteins, salts and other compounds [6]. Blood holds impressions well because it is highly viscous and once dried, impressions are very stable regardless of substrate porosity. A number of studies have conducted research trials associated with the enhancement of blood impressions [6-15] but deposition variability associated with the impressions or how this variability impacted the outcomes of the studies was often not discussed. Semen is another biofluid commonly found in association with criminal cases. Composed of acid phosphatase, spermatozoa, citric, lactic acid, fructose and zinc [2], it is highly viscous and therefore likely to preserve impression evidence. In addition to semen, saliva is also capable of holding impression evidence. Saliva is primarily composed of water, but also contains buccal epithelial cells, amylase, lysozyme, glucose [2] and possible contaminants such as food that can cling to the inner cheek and the teeth of an individual [16]. The high concentration of water has an effect on the stability of saliva impressions making them more fragile. Despite the possibility of these impressions being present at crime scenes there have only been a limited number of research studies that include semen [10] and saliva [7,10]. While many biofluids have the ability to hold impression evidence the substrate onto which the impression is deposited strongly affects Zarate J, et al., J Forensic Leg Investig Sci Abstract In an effort to minimize human and environmental factors associated with the deposition of impression evidence researchers can utilize optimal deposition parameters to generate consistent reproducible impressions for analysis.The deposition parameters defined in this study provide a guideline for producing optimal fingerprints deposited in common biofluids (eccrine/sebaceous sweat, non-human oil, blood, semen and saliva) onto a variety of substrates encountered at crime scenes. Optimal quality impressions can be used as a control in depletion or dilution series to test the effectiveness of new products conduct chemical and physical enhancement trials as well as to validate enhancement methods for laboratory use.
... Practice-oriented studies: An extensive study aimed at proposing a detection sequence adapted to (artificial) leather (296) -See details below. The sequence "2% SSA (fixating) → HR (staining) → water (rinsing)" has been proposed for the detection of blood marks on skin (346); HR has been preferred above the methanol-based AB and LCV for toxicity and efficiency reasons, respectively. The use of an electrostatic lifter has been proposed to collect dust-/dirt-contaminated fingermarks from skin (347). ...
... SPR-W has been assessed as the best technique to detect blood marks on a dark substrate (i.e., black PP sheet) (295) -See details below. The problematics of blood marks on fabrics (331,333), on skin (346) and on thermal papers (354) have been covered in sections 2.3.10, 2.3.12 and 2.3.13, ...
The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the papers dealing with fingerprints and other body impressions (exception made of bitemarks) that have been published between July 2013 and July 2016. We tried to offer an extensive coverage of the published sources (mainly in English), but remain conscious that exhaustiveness is not possible. The reader will realise that the area is very active and counts with more than 530 publications reviewed for this report. We cover here both matters in relation to the detection of marks (mainly fingermarks) and matters associated with the forensic identification process.
Fingermark detection research aims to improve the quantity and quality of fingermarks detected through the development of novel techniques. Subsequently, there is a need to evaluate these methods to determine the quality of the developed mark. Since the 1980's there has been a significant number of publications, which utilise a variety of different quality assessment methods. The introduction of common practice methods from the International Fingerprint Research Group (IFRG) aimed to implement a more standardised approach. Although these schemes are recommended as common practice, they are only guidelines. Consequentially, there is currently no universally accepted method to evaluate the enhancement techniques implemented in research. Therefore, this study aimed to collate and analyse the published protocols being used within fingermark detection research in order to better understand their application and how research is currently analysing and interpreting fingermark quality. This study comprised of manual and automatic searches of over 2000 published papers within the fingermark detection area. After thorough analysis of the articles, 396 published papers were found to have used a scale within the years spanning 1998-2022. The number of publications that report the use of a scale to assess quality for fingermark detection research has considerably increased over the last decade. However, whilst the number of publications utilising scales has increased, it is not proportional to the number of papers using the IFRG scales. The choice of scale is often institution specific and even more specific to their location. There are also numerous different adaptations of the IFRG recommended scales, as well as novel scales, which do not associate with the IFRG recommended versions being introduced the more research continues to grow. One such reason for this is investigated here, as different quality parameters are utilised within each individual scale. There is underrepresentation of these quality parameters within some of the IFRG scales, in particular the Centre for Applied Science and Technology (CAST) scale. This correlates to the considerable number of tailored approaches as authors are forced to add these parameters within the descriptions. Until there is an introduction of clear guidelines surrounding all areas of fingermark quality, from definition to parameters chosen within phases, the research area will continue to face such issues. This article recommends areas of potential study, whilst also recommending procedures that may be employed to alleviate some of the issues seen with fingermark quality evaluation.
Wildlife forensics is defined as providing forensic evidence to support legal investigations involving wildlife crime, such as the trafficking and poaching of animals and/ or their goods. While wildlife forensics is an underexplored field of science, the ramifications of poaching can be catastrophic. The consequences of wildlife crime include disease spread, species and habitat loss, human injury, and cultural loss. Efforts to use forensic science to combat poaching are currently limited to DNA-based techniques. However, fingermark analysis for the identification of perpetrators of wildlife crimes has not been explored to the same extent, despite being a cost-effective, simple-to-use forensic method that is easy to deploy in-field. This review covers literature that has explored fingermark examination techniques used on wildlife-related samples, such as pangolin scales, ivory-based substances, bone, and eggs, as well as feathers and skins, among more obscure trafficked items. Useful preliminary work has been conducted in this subject area, demonstrating that commonly used fingermark analysis techniques can be applied to wildlife-based items. However, many of these studies suffer from limitations in terms of experimental design. More work should be done on creating studies with larger sample sizes and novel approaches should be validated under environmental conditions that mimic real crime scenes. Further research into determining the forensic fingermark analysis techniques that perform the most efficiently in the environmental conditions of the countries where they are needed would therefore benefit legal investigations and help to reduce instances of poaching.
