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The aim of this work is thermodynamic analysis of the combine of central receiver solar power plant and multi-effect desalination (MED). The performance of the solar plant and the desalination plant both working together is tested in the MOSTAGANEM area one of coastal sites in north Algeria. In the case studies, 50 MWe and 22568 m3/day have been co...
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... [69][70][71]. Many concepts even included the cogeneration of electricity and fresh water in Egypt (e.g., in Ref. [72]) or other countries in the MENA region, e.g., Saudi Arabia, Algeria, and Qatar [73][74][75][76]. It was shown that cost reductions could be achieved by combining CSP with MED that recently gained attention due to its improved thermal performance and lower energy consumption compared to MSF [71]. ...
Missing financial and regulatory frameworks lead to low development and stagnating costs of concentrated solar thermal technology. Nevertheless, in locations with high direct normal irradiance such as the MENA region, the technology could become competitive, being promised a learning rate of 10-20 %, and boost local economies. This study aims to identify potential business cases and evaluate the increased technology's investment likelihood in the region, focusing on Egypt. A thorough market assessment on the structure, regulatory framework, demand, and potential revenues was conducted for the power and process heating sector. A SWOT analysis was performed considering the local context and competing technologies. Egypt was shown to offer local manufacturing potential, regulatory framework and renewable energy strategies, facilitating the technology's deployment. Moreover, the market is already open for private investment and selected international funds are directed towards CSP development. High initial technology cost, subsidized fuel and electricity prices for industry, alongside lack of long-term financial incentives and awareness of potential long-term benefits for the economy were identified as the most significant threats. High solar heat demand for industrial processes and large potential for concentrated solar heat application were identified. Yet, the market is decentralized and the processes are very diverse, moreover retrofitting may pose risks alongside the high upfront investment and additional land costs, which makes concentrated solar heat applications less attractive for the Egyptian industrial sector. Hence, for concentrated solar technology deployment, financial incentives and a regulatory framework specifically directed towards the technology would be necessary.
... It also can be coupled with a thermal storage system (TES) and hybrid with renewable resources [42,43]. Besides, CSP can offer stable and flexible power and heat generation [44]. Hence, these advantages give CSP an attractive choice for desalination with large production capacity, especially in arid regions [45]. ...
... And the liquidation of the multi-effect desalination (MED), and tested the performance of both the water system and the solar system in northern Algeria. In the results of his research, 50 MW produced electrical energy and 22,568 m 3 /day freshwaters [5]. Fathy et al. presented a thermodynamic model for the production of electrical energy and freshwater systems and introduced the optimal point for the production of power and freshwater. ...
Considering future crises on freshwater scarcity, a new type of industrial desalination equipment is investigated in this paper. This device is powered by electric energy to evaporate the wastewater and is environmentally friendly due to the recovery of rejected wastewater. In this paper, energy analysis is first carried out to identify the major energy-consuming equipment and the amount of electrical energy consumed in the system. The exergy analysis of the system showed that the most exergy destruction occurs in the boiler compartment and central heat exchanger. The system is designed for a tank capacity of approximately 11.3 m3, so the freshwater output is 9.6 m3, and we reported the freshwater production in every process. This process takes about 4.5 h. So the system's capacity is about 2200 lit/hour. Finally, using a two-objective genetic algorithm, the system was optimized to reduce energy consumption and increase freshwater production. Optimization results showed that 59.83 L of the freshwater per kWh generated. Keywords: Desalination system, Energy analysis, Exergy analysis, Thermodynamic optimization, Freshwater
... The results showed that the introduced process was feasible and economical. An integrated CSP-desalination system in Algeria was investigated thermodynamically [27]. Absorption refrigeration cycles have been used for production of refrigeration by available waste heat in integrated energy systems. ...
In this study, an innovative concentrated solar power plant integrated with desalination process and absorption refrigeration cycle aimed at supplying power, fresh water and refrigeration, was developed and exergetically assessed. The system comprised a concentrated solar thermal power plant with parabolic dish collectors and steam turbine, a multi-effect desalination process with parallel feed of seawater, and a single-stage ammonia-water absorption refrigeration system. Generally, the collectors provided 21,030 kW thermal power to the steam power plant and 4632 kW of which was converted to electrical power in steam power plant. The absorption refrigeration cycle produced 820.8 kW refrigeration and the desalination cycle provided fresh water at a rate of 22.79 kg/s. The integrated system was simulated in Aspen Hysys and all the components of the integrated system were individually scrutinized based on the second law of thermodynamics; as well, the exergy destruction rate and exergy efficiency of each component were obtained and discussed thoroughly. According to the results, about 86% of the total exergy destruction rate of the system belonged to the distillation column and heat exchangers. The overall exergy efficiency of the cycle was 66.05%, while, the net overall thermal efficiency of the integrated system was 80.70%. The results of the economic analysis showed that the proposed integrated structure had an investment return period of 5.738 years and a net annual profit of 6.828 million US$ per year. Moreover, the impact of various factors on the performance of the integrated system was investigated using sensitivity analysis.
Solar thermal power plants today are the most viable alternative to replace conventional thermal power plants to successfully combat climate change and global warming. In this paper, the reasons behind this imminent and inevitable transition and the advantages of solar thermal energy over other renewable sources including solar PV have been discussed. The current literature on different types of solar thermal power plants and their performance optimisation techniques is quite scattered. Efforts have been made in this paper to bring the scattered information together in one thorough review so that it helps researchers across the spectrum undertaking studies on concentrated solar power technologies. This paper has established a brief background of these technologies. Furthermore, it has put forth a comprehensive review of different concentrated solar power technologies implemented throughout the world. The review in its latter part has highlighted the current trends of various hybrid, performance enhancing techniques being employed with these technologies. A brief review of the importance of economic analysis of these technologies has also been done. The future scope and course of action adopted to keep this technology growing are also discussed.
The demand for fresh water supply across the globe is on the rise and is projected to keep rising in the future due to its heavy utilization across various sectors such as agriculture, industry, aquatic life and human consumption. To overcome this issue, focus is placed on improving the existing desalination systems and exploring ways in which renewable energy component can be integrated in desalination systems to make them sustainable. In this article the present desalination scenario, the significance of desalination to arid regions, energy requirements and renewable energy integration into desalination technology is reviewed and discussed. Moreover, this review paper focusses on a new concept of utilization of concentrating solar power for desalination and this integration has gained lot of attention worldwide due to its remarkable capabilities such as high output and simultaneous production of electricity and desalinated water. The underlying challenges of such integration and future scope for implementation of concentrating solar powered desalination technology is also presented. The literature involving the use of concentrated solar power was identified and classified in to experimental and theoretical approaches. The proposed integration will ensure less dependency on fossil fuels and also provides for a cleaner environment.
With the change in climate patterns, rapid industrialization and population growth, the increasing water and energy demand becomes the major concern in the last decades. Desalination has been touted as the answer to global water crisis, owing to its capability in producing high quality fresh water from saline water. The continual research and innovations in desalination field have resulted in the commercialization of large‐scale desalination in many water scares regions. In the energetic context, all desalination processes are energy intensive. With the necessity to make desalination a more affordable and sustainable process, the energy efficiency of desalination is becoming an important topic. This review aims to provide insights into the recent efforts and strategies established to tackle the energy‐related issues of both thermal‐based and membrane‐based desalination processes. Depending on the principle of various commercial and emerging desalination processes, the directions of energy efficiency improvements, which include operating condition optimization, high performance material development and renewable energy exploitation are discussed. The ideas and strategies reviewed in this article, whether in their implementation or theoretical stage, are expected to provide insights into the possible improvement for application in commercial desalination plants.
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The shortage of freshwater is becoming a major threat to sustainable environmental development. Water desalination techniques provide solutions for freshwater requirements. Solar energy is considered as a plentiful and effortlessly available renewable energy. Desalination with solar energy is a suitable technique to convert brackish water into fresh water and that has received greater attention. The traditional desalination processes require a substantial quantity of energy, and with an extensive investigation of different methods of desalination, frameworks have experimented in the most recent couple of decades. The different types of desalination techniques using solar energy with exergy analysis are studied and presented in this review paper. The exergy performance cost affecting factors and the economic feasibility of several desalination plants such as solar stills, humidification and dehumidification, multi-effect distillation, reverse osmosis, and multi-stage flash desalination techniques are studied and reported in this paper. The present study revealed that the desalination of water using solar energy as an efficient as well as a cost-effective method as compared desalination of water with other energy sources.
Environmental-unfriendly power supply mode and freshwater shortage are two main problems for isolated islands. A 100% renewable energy supply system equipped with local desalination units is an effective solution to the above problems. It can save fuel supplies and eliminate pollutant emissions. Firstly, a 100% renewable energy supply system based on wind turbines and the integration of a concentrating solar power (CSP) plant and desalination units is proposed in this paper. The flexible schedulability of CSP plants is utilized to complement to wind power generation, and the thermal storage system reduces the battery energy storage configuration for islands. Different from the conventional method of seeking the minimum levelized cost of CSP from limited capacity combinations, an optimal planning model is established to achieve the minimum overall costs of the 100% renewable energy system. In addition, the adjustable output characteristic of CSP is also considered as the decision variables to optimize the operation of the microgrid. The model is linearized to a mixed integer linear programming problem. Simulation results show that the proposed supply system improves the efficiency of renewable energy utilization and capacity factors of generation units; the peak load demand is cut down and the capacity configuration of generation units is also reduced. The comparison with other state-of-art systems shows that the cost-effectiveness of the proposed system is better in areas with abundant renewable energy resources and high fuel costs.
Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants provide the means to generate dispatchable, renewable electricity in high direct normal incidence (DNI) locations around the world. Due to the strong inverse correlation between DNI resources and freshwater resources, most of the best potential CSP sites also lack sufficient freshwater resources. Thus, an attractive natural symbiotic pathway exists for developing CSP plants integrated with desalination (D) technology, particularly for sites in proximity to large bodies of salty water (e.g., seawater or saline groundwater). As such, this review critically explores the potential for five CSP-D designs proposed in the literature. Overall, this critical review compares and contrasts the major integration designs on the basis of common merits and limitations. A key finding of this review is that the choice of the most feasible CSP desalination integration is not a straightforward process. It was found that the details surrounding where energy extraction takes place from the CSP cycle can make a significant impact on the feasibility of the plant. In general, waste heat coupling and electrical-driven reverse osmosis integration were found to provide the best technical and economical results. However, no clear-cut ‘winning’ design could be concluded from this review. In fact, the water and energy losses of the condenser were found to significantly shift the results between the two designs. As such, we hope that this review will help guide researchers and engineers towards CSP-D development which has the highest chance of commercial uptake.
