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THE WORLD ECONOMY: Global outlook overview - Volume 251 - Barry Naisbitt, Janine Boshoff, Ian Hurst, Amit Kara, Cyrille Lenoel, Iana Liadze, Xuxin Mao, Craig Thamotheram, Kemar Whyte
Land-based delivery platform technology for artillery weapons is a comprehensive technology to study the adaptability of artillery weapon and land-based delivery platform, and its function is to is to provide transportation and loading platform for artillery and realize tactical mobility and battle mobility of artillery. This paper reviews the impo...
![Fig. 4.3 Visualising the outcomes of some selected ABC rules (from [35])](publication/365515217/figure/fig4/AS:11431281098226374@1668791452828/Visualising-the-outcomes-of-some-selected-ABC-rules-from-35_Q320.jpg)
In this chapter, we provide a list of what we view as particularly important open problems and research directions. For instance, axiomatic characterisations of many ABC rules are missing, the compatibility of committee monotonicity and proportionality is not known, and many questions regarding the core property remain unanswered.
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... Due to this concern, the new energy resources need to be exploited. The Global and Russian Energy Outlook to 2040 suggests that, by 2040 the world oil demand will increase from the growing economies like India, and natural gas is the rapidly rising fossil fuel, which is growing at the rate of 1.6 % per year [2]. ...
... This portion presents the χ 2 test for the validation of multiple linear regression models for CO 2 figure 19 (c) has the best correlation since all points are closely clustered around the normal or regression line. So, based on the χ 2 test validation it can be concluded that, the oil production from the Eagle ford reservoir using CO 2flooding is the best regression model. ...
... Below we will include projections received within the baseline scenario; for alternative scenarios of the world's energy development (there is a varying focus each year, so that thematically scenarios differ respectively), refer to the outlooks published throughout 2012-2014 (Grigoriev et al. 2012(Grigoriev et al. , 2013. ...
Currently, there is an active discussion around hydrocarbons as a source of energy. But taking into account the fact that at the moment the continuation of their use is not in doubt, it is important to improve the efficiency of energy companies - environmental, economic, etc. One way to do this is through the digital transformation of the enterprise. This article focuses on the use of digital twins in the oil and gas industry in order to improve the economic and environmental efficiency of oil production. The algorithm of application of the digital twin in the oil and gas enterprise is considered, its architecture is built taking into account the specifics of the task. The place of the digital twin in the models of technological and business processes is defined. Predictive analytics of equipment repairs, reconstruction, maintenance, modeling, remote maintenance, reduction of human factor influence allows to increase efficiency and safety of oil and gas production. The digital twin will make it possible to simulate various failure scenarios in operation, environmental impact, wear rate of parts, etc. Further research is expected to consider expanding the use of digital twins, both in oil production and in related areas, including hybrid scenarios for power systems.KeywordsOil and gas productionHydrocarbonsDigital twinProduction efficiency
This article presents a research study in the field of formation and implementation of Russian oil and gas policy, which has a decisive role in the development and functioning of the country's energy sector, its energy security, as well as for increasing revenues. The current relations between actors in the European gas market, which is expected to remain an important sector in Russian economy in the medium term, are assessed in the contexts of the risks and threats experienced by gas exporters. The role and place of the Russian Federation in gas export to China as an important element of the Russian Eastern Gas Policy and Energy Security Doctrine is discussed. Following an analysis of information from official sources, research publications and reports presented in the mass media, a substantiation of the urgency of the problem and the directions of its solution is given. The conducted study revealed that the oil and gas sector in Russia remains the most important component of the country's fuel and energy complex. Stable export of oil and gas is key for the oil and gas industry, contributing to the country's energy security. It is noted that, in the medium term, Russia will preserve at least 30% of the European gas market. At the same time, the energy policy of the European Union, anti-Russian economic sanctions and the excess of gas supply over demand are forcing Russia to significantly reduce the cost of exported gas in order to maintain its segment in the European gas market. The forecasted risks and threats to the "western vector" of the Russian gas policy determine the necessity to diversify gas export markets. In this regard, it seems reasonable to implement of the "Eastern Gas Policy" as an element of the energy strategy in the eastern regions, aimed at the widespread use of natural gas for domestic needs and export supplies. The emerging strategic partnership with China is determined not only by the energy partnership, which is acquiring new initiatives, but is also characterised by a wider sphere of relations, including economic and political cooperation. At the same time, economic cooperation in the gas sector is aimed primarily at ensuring the possibility of diversifying gas supplies to Chinese regions having a developed demand. In the current financial and economic situation in the energy market in the western direction, Russia is often forced to accept China’s conditions. The research results demonstrate that the Russian oil and gas complex retains key positions in the country's energy sector and economy. Currently, the process of active spatial development of the fuel and energy complex in the East of the country is observed, while in the long run both the “western” and “eastern” vectors of Russia's gas policy remain. Strengthening trade, economic and political cooperation between Russia and China in the medium and long term will lead to a significant increase in energy cooperation on mutually beneficial conditions.
Modern/colonial civilization has already breached several planetary boundaries and its ecological footprint is overwhelming the Earth’s carrying capacity. The ecological space for the growth of modern urban civilization is at its breaking point. We conduct two case studies, of Russia and Brazil, to show that the aspirations of semi-peripheral “emerging economies” to catch-up, clone and compete with the West within the hegemonic terms of an ecologically unsustainable and socially stratifying civilizational model requires their systematic practice of internal colonialism and regional subimperialism. Playing catch-up with the North and its unsustainable mode of political economy demands the present-day rehearsal, in accelerated, compressed and subimperial modes of the structurally violent practices that have underpinned the North’s “rise” to planetary dominance. Yet in striving to catch-up and join in the overconsumptive and exploitative lifestyle of economic cores, large “emerging economies” like the BRICS are in an economic, political and military crash course against the hegemonically-entrenched Northern core powers they aspire to emulate, in what looks like an increasingly volatile scramble to grab whatever dwindling ecological space is left in a rapidly degraded planet.
