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Presence of Argulus parasite on the skin and gills of goldfish (Carassius auratus) (modified from Yoshizawa 2021).
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Farming and trading of aquarium fish has been considered a popular pastime in the world. Most of Iran's aquarium fish are imported from Asian countries including Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam. Fish lice (Argulus) is known as one of the most important and common ectoparasites in ornamental fish. Reports indicate that these parasites have...
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... et al. (2018) confirmed that at least 192 parasites have been reported in goldfish since the 19th century. These results indicate that this fish species is highly susceptible to parasitic infections ( Figure 2). Therefore, due to the fact that goldfish is widely traded, it needs more care during breeding. ...
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Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors in the world and it is a highly risky business. It is greatly dependent on health of fishes and higher economic losses can be incurred due to disease problems. In India, major freshwater fishes are affected by parasitic diseases. Argulus is a major ectoparasite that can cause clinical...
Citations
... Wafer (10). Furthermore, the occurrence and prevalence of A. japonicus were recently recoded in some Asian countries, including Japan, Indonesia, Turkey, Pakistan, and Iran (7,8,(11)(12)(13). In China, Alsarakibi et al. demonstrated a 22.3 ~ 47.8% prevalence of A. japonicus across Chinese rivers, fish farms, and ponds and emphasized the lack of approved drugs for its control in China (6,14). ...
The fish louse Argulus japonicus, a branchiuran crustacean of the Argulidae family, is attracting increasing attention because of its parasitic tendencies and significant health threats to global fish farming. The mitogenomes can yield a foundation for studying epidemiology, genetic diversity, and molecular ecology and therefore may be used to assist in the surveillance and control of A. japonicus. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete mitogenome of A. japonicus to shed light on its genetic and evolutionary blueprint. Our investigation indicated that the 15,045-bp circular genome of A. japonicus encodes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) with significant AT and GC skews. Comparative genomics provided an evolutionary scenario for the genetic diversity of 13 PCGs: all were under purifying selection, with cox1 and nad6 having the lowest and highest evolutionary rates, respectively. Genome-wide phylogenetic trees established a close relationship between species of the families Argulidae (Arguloida) and Armilliferidae (Porocephalida) within Crustacea, and further, A. japonicus and Argulus americanus were determined to be more closely related to each other than to others within the family Argulidae. Single PCG-based phylogenies supported nad1 and nad6 as the best genetic markers for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies for branchiuran crustaceans due to their similar phylogenetic topologies with those of genome-based phylogenetic analyses. To sum up, these comprehensive mitogenomic data of A. japonicus and related species refine valuable marker resources and should contribute to molecular diagnostic methods, epidemiological investigations, and ecological studies of the fish ectoparasites in Crustacea.
... Heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc, are dangerous pollutants that affect the aquatic environment and fish. They are harmful for fish health (Radkhah et al., 2022). Most of this metal accumulates in fish tissues and causes fish poisoning, affects the vital operations and reproduction of fish, weakens the immune system, and encourages pathological changes (Authman et al., 2015). ...
... Macrophage aggregates (MA) or MMC are used as non-specific cellular biomarkers of environmental exposure to contaminants or as bioindicators of environmental pollution (Facey andBlazer, 2005: Suresh, 2009;Balamurugan et al., 2012;Reddy, 2012). Furthermore, there were changes in the number of MMCs in gourami fish that stressed by exposure to the heavy metal mercury chloride (HgCl2) (Mubarokah et al., 2018: Radkhah et al., 2022. ...
Increasing the number of heavy metals in the aquatic environment results in the accumulation of contaminants in fish body tissue, making fish an ideal bio-indicator of environmental pollution. The spleen included in the hematopoietic tissue contains macrophages. Macrophages form aggregates that contain pigments referred to melanomacrophage centres (MMCs). This research aims to analyse the metric profiles of MMCs on the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) spleen as a non-specific cellular immune response against mercury chloride exposure. This study used a Completely Randomized Design method with four treatments at different concentrations of mercury chloride (HgCl2) of 0 mg.l-1 , 0.01 mg.l-1 , 0.05 mg.l-1 , and 0.1 mg.l-1 . Each treatment was replicated five times. Data on the number and size of MMCs were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued by using Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine the differences between treatments. The result showed that the concentration of mercury chloride in water affects the metrics profile of spleen MMCs of carp. The number and size of MMCs of carp spleen increased at the concentration of 0.01 mg.l-1 and 0.05 mg.l-1 but decreased at the level of 0.1 mg.l-1 . The results suggest that the profile of MMCs as a non-specific cellular immune response can function as bio-indicators of environmental pollution.
