Table 5 - uploaded by Berhanu Abraha Tsegay
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Salinity is considered as a major abiotic stress affecting germination, seedling growth and crop production in arid and semi-arid regions. Many techniques are used to improve tolerance to salinity. Priming is believed to be an effective technique that increases germination, plant growth and improve yield of several vegetables and crops under saline...
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... & Tsegay, 2015;SAERT, 1994;SSTBARDPC, 2011;Tesfay et al., 2011;Tsehaye & Kiros, 2023;Firew, 2007). From the fact point of view, in condition where not properly treated, handled and controlled the pest can be serious damage for any areas. ...
Globally, cactus pear (Opuntia ficus-indica) is typically produced in low rainfall areas; in Ethiopia, Tigray Region, it was imported and cultivated since 1848s. To conduct the study, 80 households were selected through multistage sampling method from Endamehoni and Raya-Azebo woredas. Data were obtained from primary and secondary sources. The primary data sources were observations, interviewing, focus group and key informants’ discussions; while secondary data sources were offices of study area. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The study showed 69.99 and 30% of cactus coverage land (22,350.5 hectares), were owned by communal and privately individual, respectively. For human feed, livestock, income generating, farmland fence, household energy, soil and water conservation, home fence and job creating opportunity were cactus merits of the study area. In the study area, cochineal insect was introduced from 2003 to 2011 for controlling cactus expansions and concurrently for commercial purpose meanwhile it became cactus invaders. About 15,489 hectares in Raya-Azebo and 3165.5 in Enda Mehoni land coverage by cactus were lost by the insect. Inadequate adoption trial research; lack of insects training for stakeholders; on cochineal insect knowledge limitation; techniques and materials limitation; lack of coordination’s among companies’ workers, researches, concerned government office and being irresponsible the company were the major cochineal insect infestation controlling problem in the study area. It was concluded that most cactus was damaged by cochineal insect thereby resulted in in securing community economy. To solve the problem different concerned body of cactus should work together.
... Kulkual pear can be abundantly found in Ethiopia and has spread over central and northern Ethiopia. [18] Villagers cultivate Kulkual inside their yards, but the majority of the fruit collected for food comes from wild Kulkual. Kulkual pear have become part of the customs of the Tigray people, a prominent tribe in Ethiopia. ...
Novel composite comprising of Kulkual fibers and Titanium diboride (TiB2) filler reinforced epoxy composites is investigated in the current work. Kulkual also known as Opuntia ficus-indica is a plant abundantly found throughout Ethiopia are utilized in the form fibers in combination with TiB2 as reinforcement to synthesize epoxy matrix composites. Six types of composites including neat epoxy are fabricated using varying content of Kulkual fibers (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 vol%) and fixed TiB2 content of 5 vol%. The fibers were obtained by drying the leaf-like stem of Kulkual and collecting the skeleton structure found in cladodes. Alkaline treatment of Kulkual fiber to study its physical properties was also investigated. All composites' tensile moduli rise with increasing fiber content and are between 21% and 162% higher than the pure epoxy. All the composites tensile strength increase in the range from 43% to 211% compared to neat epoxy with EK-10 composite revealing the greatest improvement. Flexural properties of all the composites increase with increase in Kulkual fiber content in comparison with neat epoxy. Good bonding of constituents and alkaline treatment of fibers results in enhanced properties of composites. Finally, fractured surfaces are analyzed with scanning electron micrographs to recognize structure property correspondences.
... The cactus is a very polyvalent crop that plays an ecological and economical important role. Cactus provides human food in the form of fruits and vegetables, fodder for animals, in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry, to produce natural dyes through Carminic acid extracted from cochineal insects (Gebreegziabher and Tsegay, 2015). Furthermore, the cactus pear is recognized for its great nutritional importance due to its high content of soluble carbohydrates, copper, iron, calcium, phenolic acids, vitamins, sodium, potassium (Santos et al., 2006;Chougui et al., 2013;Pretti et al., 2014). ...
The cactus Opuntia ficus-indica L. is widly cultivated in Morocco and has a very an important economic role as a source of food, livestock feed and not forgetting that it is considered to be an income for people in rural communities. This crop is subject to the attack of a serious insect pest, the Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell), which sucks the sap from the plant causing huge production losses since its introduction to the country in 2014. The present study investigated the entomopathogenic effect of six fungal isolates {Beauveria bassiana [HASS; RFSL10; SPT 011(a)]; Akanthomyces lecanii [RFSLV; SPT R 215] and Cordyceps farinosa [SPSBI4]} for controlling of both nymphs and adult females of D. opuntiae in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays. Under laboratory conditions, the highest mortality of female D. opuntiae was registered by B. bassiana strain HASS at 108 conidia ml−1 with 100%, followed by B. bassiana strain RFSL10, A. lecanii RFSLV, and C. farinosa SPSBI4 isolates with 98%, respectively, 10 days after treatments. Similarly, the highest level of nymph mortality (100%) was recorded by B. bassiana RFSL10 and HASS isolates at 108 conidia ml1, respectively, 4 and 5 days after application. Under greenhouse conditions, B. bassiana (HASS and RFSL10) and A. lecanii (RFSLV) isolates sprayed alone expressed a higher toxicity on nymphs with 75, 68.5 and 58%, respectively, 12 days after treatments. However, no significant difference was observed in adult female’s mortality between different fungal isolates, where B. bassiana (HASS) at 108 conidia ml−1 presented a moderate mortality rate with 55%, 12 days after application. In fact, the combination of black soap (60 g/L) with B. bassiana HASS and RFSL10 and A. lecanii (RFSLV) isolates at 108 conidia ml−1 caused the highest toxic activity on D. opuntiae adult females, with 70.5, 68.75 and 67.65%, respectively. These findings showe that entomopathogenic fungi are promising for developing a biopesticide formulation for the management of D. opuntiae as an adequate and safe alternative to chemical pesticides.
... Adult pads are used in animal feed, powder making and other products like as mucilage, pharmaceutical and cosmetic by-products. Flowers are edible and fruits are also used in juice, syrup or jams production [6,7,15]. Other alternatives for processing and valorizing cactus pear fruits and cladodes are recently developed (food additives, alcoholic drinks). ...
... Pulp yield is a crucial factor for food production and the quantity of pulp in cactus fruit varies according to the zone of cultivation and agricultural practices [18]. Cactus pear fruits are appreciated for their characteristic taste and aroma as well as their dietetic properties [15]. The nutritional value of cactus pear fruits is similar to the other fruits including apple, apricot, cherry, melon and peach. ...
... Cactus pear fruits have a high level of ascorbic acid (40 mg 100 g -1 ) and their calorific value varies between 31 and 50 kcal 100 g -1 . They are a good source of minerals such as potassium (217 mg 100 g -1 ), calcium (15,4-32,8 mg 100 g -1 ) and phosphorus (12,(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)6 mg 100 g -1 ). Their contents in amino acids is 257,24 mg 100 g -1 [6]. ...
The adaptation of cactus pear to arid environments and its importance in animal and human feed make the species largely used in the arid and semi-arid regions. The economic potentialities of cactus pear as food and forage crop and its production in animal and human feed are higher. Cactus pear products and by-products and the production sustainability of cactus pear in the arid and semi-arid areas open a great number of opportunities and hopes to rural populations of these regions. These products and by-products constitute a source of income for low income of rural populations. The nutritional value of cactus pear products and their content in minerals and vitamins make cactus pear fruits and cladodes important in the animal and human feed in the arid and semi-arid areas. Medicinal and cosmetic by-products are also obtained from cactus pear products. They increase the economic income of the farmers and rural populations. Cactus pear is also an important forage for livestock in the arid and semi-arid regions thanks to its high biomass production and palatability. Cactus pear pads are consumed by all the types of livestock. They are rich in water and carbohydrates and their digestibility is high, but their content in crude proteins is low. Cactus pear could be a supplement for low quality fodder such as straw, and the combination of the two elements could be an alternative fodder for the animals of the arid and semi-arid regions.
... They proved that there would be better acceptance and greater willingness to pay a higher price for these apples if it were stated that they are protected geographical indication products. Gebreegziabher and Tsegay [31] investigated the prickly pear and found that the taste of the fruit, the size of the fruit, the presence of thorns and the hardness of the seeds influenced the selection of these pears. ...
The research deals with the market assessment of pear varieties in Serbia. Market assessment represents the willingness of customers to consume a certain fruit or a certain variety. This research applies a market assessment of pear varieties based on expert decision making. Together with the experts, the criteria and varieties of pears used in the research are determined. Ten criteria and six varieties of pears that are mostly grown in Serbia are used. Experts evaluated pear varieties based on linguistic values according to selected criteria. Based on these values, and using fuzzy logic, the weights of the criteria are first determined using the fuzzy CRITIC method (criteria importance through intercriteria correlation), and pear varieties are ranked using the fuzzy CRADIS method (compromise ranking of alternatives from distance to ideal solution). The obtained results show that the highest rated varieties are Konferans and Viljamovka, while the lowest rated variety is Šampionka. Sensitivity analysis confirms these results. The obtained results will help cultivators and fruit vendors to choose those varieties that will achieve the best market results. This study is conducted to provide guidelines for the use of fuzzy methods in marketing assessment in fruit growing.
... In arid and semi-arid regions, animals generally have limited access to drinking water. Thus, water from food becomes of great importance (Gebreegziabher and Tsegay 2015). The use of juicy foods like cactus pear, cactus tree or forage watermelon, common ingredients in the feed of goats and sheep, besides guaranteeing part of dry matter and nutrients, supplies much of the water requirements of livestock (Cordova-Torres et al. 2017b;Abay 2018). ...
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of cactus pear and common bean residue in sheep rations on intake, apparent nutrient digestibility and rumen parameters. Eight castrated male sheep Santa Inês at an average body weight 55 ± 5 kg, fistulated in the rumen were distributed in two 4 × 4 latin squares with four treatments and eight animals per treatment and four periods. The treatments consisted of four experimental diets: a control diet based on soybean meal and ground corn, diet with soybean meal substitution for bean residue; diet with substitution of corn ground by cactus pear and diet with soybean meal replacement and ground corn for bean residue and cactus pear. The dry matter intake did not differ among treatments. The diets based on cactus pear provided a higher mineral matter intake, crude protein digestibility and lower ether extract intake and reduced water intake (P < 0.05). pH and NH 3-N showed quadratic responses due to time after morning feeding (P < 0.05), in which pH had lower values between four and six hours after a meal, while NH 3-N showed maximum values two hours after feeding, justified by the higher fermentation occurred during this period and the fast utilization of nitrogen sources. The use of bean residue and cactus pear in rations for sheep does not alter the intake and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients, and it does not affect rum-inal metabolism parameters of animals under the experimental conditions used. The inclusion of cactus pear in the feed reduces the intake of drinking water by the animals. ARTICLE HISTORY
... Evaluating these results practically, it may be inferred that the cultivation of cactus genotypes that produce higher quantities of cladodes may facilitate an increase in cultivation areas, as cacti can be propagated vegetatively. In this system, plantations are filled with clones of the original plants (Amorim et al., 2015;Gebreegziabher & Tsegay, 2015). ...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage yield and morphological responses of 34 cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera and Opuntia ficus indica) genotypes. The genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design, with 34 treatments and three replicates. After 330 days of cultivation, morphological characteristics, plant mortality and pest and disease occurrence on the plants were assessed, and plant cutting was performed. Multivariate analyses were performed to assign the 34 cactus genotypes to homogenous groups. The average Euclidian distance was adopted as a dissimilarity measurement for use with the standardized data Variables with relatively high levels of independence among the agronomic categories and with biological importance to animal nutrition and forage yield were assessed. To identify associative effects, Pearson's correlation analysis was performed among all the studied variables. The formation of five distinct groups was observed, and some morphological responses correlated with the productivity characteristics. Green mass production was positively correlated with dry mass production, water accumulation, water-use efficiency, water accumulation and cladode number per plant. The following genotypes had remarkably high yields of dry and green mass, a greater ability to accumulate water and relatively high water-use efficiency and support capacity: Negro Michoacan (V07), Tamazunchale (V12), California (V14), Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (V17), and Amarillo 2289 (T32).
... Endamehoni is bordered on the south by Ofla, on the west by the Amhara Region, on the north by Alaje, and on the east by Raya Azebo (it is part of the Debubawi Zone). The district has an approximate overall population of 84,726, of which 2,985 (3.5 percent) are urban dwellers (Gebreegziabher & Tsegay, 2015). A rise of 36.90 percent has been seen relative to the 1994 survey, of which 42.052 are males and 42.687 are females, and 2.986 or 3.52 percent live in urban areas. ...
... The primary forages are forest pastures, cereal straws, and Cactus (locally known as Beles). The primary types of livestock are horses, pigs, and goats (Gebreegziabher & Tsegay, 2015). Throughout this woreda, a 2001 CSA census enumeration interviewed 17,400 farmers who held an average of 0.44 hectares of land. ...
In several developing countries, including Ethiopia, the change from a subsistence-oriented production system to a market-oriented production system as a means of raising smallholder incomes and mitigating growing rural deprivation has been at the center of the agenda. Therefore, the purpose of this analysis was to evaluate the determinants of smallholder livestock commercialization in Tigray, Ethiopia. One hundred and eighty-three households were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were gathered through a structured survey. The data obtained were evaluated using econometric models of both concise and Heckman two-step collections. The results of the binary probit model revealed that in the decision to sell, household head education level, family size, distance from the nearest market center, and the total livestock ownership played a significant role. Heckman second-step selection estimation indicated that the education level of the household head, the extension agents’ visit, the total livestock owned and the owned land size significantly affected the level of commercialization measures. The findings of this study will contribute to enhancing the efficient utilization of the existing limited farmland. In this study, smallholder farmers’ access to the agricultural markets with higher value is seen as a critical opportunity to improve and diversify the livelihoods of lower-income farm households. As a result, better market participation is required to connect smallholder farmers to markets and increase demand for livestock products and income generation. The findings of this study may help in the development of appropriate policy intervention mechanisms to promote smallholder livestock commercialization in Ethiopia.
... The post-harvest loss of agricultural food products in developing countries is very high, for instance, post-harvest loss of fruits and vegetables in Ethiopia 50% produce is lost due to lack of appropriate handling, storage, transport, and packaging [8,16,22] . Thus, emerging post-harvest technologies and having a quality management system in cactus pear fruit is very important to penetrate the global market as well as to reduce losses. ...
... Studying how these characteristics relate favors the understanding of how the plant responds under different environmental conditions (soil and climatic conditions responses). Plants with cladodes of smaller dimensions can distribute their cladodes with vertical growth, shaping plants with greater height and smaller width, such as the genotype Miúda, which presented more cladodes, an inherent characteristic of this genotype [production of smaller cladodes, however, in a higher amount] 11,12 , which implies an increase in planting areas, due to crop densification 13,14 . On the other hand, plants with larger cladodes can invest in lateral growth, due to their structural form 15 , as it was verified in the genotype OEM at location 6. ...
The cactus pear has demonstrated productive potential in arid and semi-arid regions due to its photosynthetic process of crassulacean acid metabolism. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate agronomic characteristics and chemical composition of three genotypes of cactus pear at different locations of a tropical semiarid region classified as non-suitable for cactus pear cultivation. A completely randomized design in a factorial arrangement (3 × 7) (three genotypes of cactus pear [Miúda, Baiana (Nopalea cochenillifera) and Orelha de Efefante Mexicana - OEM (Opuntia stricta)] and seven locations) was used. The climatic conditions characterized an environment that restricts the growth of cactus pear genotypes, mainly due to the air relative humidity values. All morphological characteristics of the cactus pear genotypes were influenced by the interaction genotype x location, with higher expression of the characteristics on the different genotypes under hot semi-arid climate and tropical wet and dry climate. An effect of the interaction genotype x location was observed (p < 0.05) on water use efficiency, water accumulation and carrying capacity, where the highest values were observed for genotype Baiana at location 1. Also, there was influence of the interaction genotype x location over the chemical composition of the cactus pear. The cultivation of cactus pear is recommended under restricted climatic conditions in semi-arid tropical regions, especially the genotype Baiana, based on growth factors, biomass production and chemical composition.
