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Practical use of axle counters in a railway station.

Practical use of axle counters in a railway station.

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Figure 1. Practical use of axle counters in a railway station.
Figure 2. System diagram of the testbed and attack vectors that our...
Figure 3. Data-preprocessing flow to create the final dataset.
Figure 4. Distribution of timestamp difference values in the dataset...
+6 Figure 6. Comparison of achieved results using DNN approaches based on...
Hunting Network Anomalies in a Railway Axle Counter System
Article
Full-text available
  • Mar 2023
This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of machine learning-based intrusion detection methods to reveal cyber attacks in railway axle counting networks. In contrast to the state-of-the-art works, our experimental results are validated with testbed-based real-world axle counting components. Furthermore, we aimed to detect targeted attacks...
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... electronic evaluator, which is connected to the two digitizers of the section, uses the information and calculates if a track section is occupied or clear [28]. To explain the functionality, a practical example of the use of axle counters is shown in Figure 1. The location of the axle counters in a realistic Scenario Is illustrated in the upper part of the figure. ...

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Wireless Train Detection Based on Null-Filled UHF RFID Reader Antenna for Communications-Based Train Control
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This work proposes a novel UHF RFID-assisted axle counting system for wireless train detection. In the system, the RFID tag antennas are proposed to be attached to the train compartments. When the train travels across the signal indicator next to the railway, the reader detects the RFID tag, and the axle counter counts the number of passing train axles. To overcome the traditional reader antenna with the blind reading zone that may introduce safety problems, a new null-filled monopole UHF RFID reader antenna is proposed. The monopole is connected to the metal ring, which changes the antenna's surface current and electric field distribution, and eliminates the radiation blind reading zone at the antenna zenith. The measured S11 of the proposed antenna is better than -10 dB in 0.84-1.02 GHz, achieving a relative bandwidth of 19.6%. The antenna has a zenith gain of 1.5 dBi, with horizontal radiation gain better than -3.55 dBi and an HPBW of 141° at 0.92 GHz. The null-filled monopole antenna can provide a potential solution for the reader in the proposed UHF RFID-assisted axle counting system under wireless train detection.
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