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The rapid development in the construction of infrastructure on the hilly terrain has led to excavation of large bodies of rock mass to form cut slopes, resulting in the deformation and reduction in the stability of the rock material. As the slopes were cut more than 10 years ago, it is worried that there should be strength deterioration of the rock...
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... software Dips [11] was used to analyse the discontinuity orientation by inserting the value of slope orientation and the discontinuity (joint) orientation, so that the potential mode of slope failure could be calculated. By this input, it is predicted that the highest probability of potential mode of failure to take place is toppling failure, as shown in Table 4. From kinematic analysis, the potential for wedge failure and toppling failure was identified. ...Similar publications
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Citations
... The RQD using fracture frequency was measured by tracing a scanline and joints on the point cloud in SMX software. The joint set intersection of the scanline along the distance was recorded, and fracture frequency (λ) was calculated utilizing Eq.(1) (Awang et al., 2021;Rusydy et al., 2021). ...
A comprehensive slope stability assessment of two sites, namely Site 1 and Site 2, has been conducted. An integrated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Survey (UAV) and 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (2D ERT) survey at both sites were carried out. The rock mass quality using Rock Quality Designation (RQD) system was quantified, and discontinuity orientations were obtained from the UAV point cloud. The obtained discontinuity orientations were utilized to identify possible geometric failures such as planar, flexure and wedge. The 2D ERT survey at both sites was deployed to discern subsurface lithology. Based on the UAV survey, Site 1 slope was prone to flexure toppling and wedge failure. While few intersections at Site 2 were favourable for Wedge formations. 2D ERT survey reported four geological layers as water-saturated zone or clay layer (200–300 Ωm), highly fractured rock (400–700 Ωm), fractured rock (800–2200 Ωm) and fresh rock (>2200 Ωm) at both study sites. Combining the information of both techniques, the rock mass at Site 1 is moderately fractured to fresh rock. However, the top portion of Site 1 is highly fractured as compared to the lower portion. The rock quality at Site 2 is moderate to highly fractured rock mass. The integrated approach applied in this research study was proven expeditious, inexpensive and rapid for comprehensive slope stability assessment.
... The fracture frequency was measured by tracing a scanline and joints on the point cloud in SMX software. The joint sets intersecting the scanline along the distance were recorded, and fracture frequency (k) was calculated (Awang et al., 2021;Rusydy et al., 2021). ...
The rapid urbanization and economic development of the country forced the people to expand economic activities to the hilly terrains. This causes the need for the stability assessment of the slopes to mitigate economic losses, damage to property, environmental degradation, and severe injuries or fatalities. In general, kinematic and limit equilibrium analysis (LEM) techniques are in practice for the stability assessment of the rock slopes. These techniques are well established in identifying the type of failure along the rock slope and calculating the factor of safety (FOS). The primary limitations of these techniques are that it ignores the rock mass condition, and sometimes a highly fractured rock mass is represented as stable with no risk of failure. In this paper, integrated geological mapping, Schmidt hammer rebound survey, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) survey were carried out to assess the stability of the slope using LEM and kinematic analysis. Besides this, the paper also aimed to quantify rock mass conditions based on fracture frequency. The kinematic analysis reveals that the rock slope is safe from the risk of planar failure and direct toppling. In comparison, 213 (3.31%) intersections were identified as critical for wedge failure. The FOS obtained for the potential wedge using limit equilibrium analysis confirmed that the rock slope is stable. In contrast, the fracture frequency assessment of the rock slope reflects that 56% of the total slope area is moderate to highly fractured. This is alarming from a safety point of view. The integrated UAV, geological mapping, and Schmidt hammer approach used in this study is mooted as an expeditious and inexpensive slope stability assessment technique.Graphical Abstract
