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The energy demand in India is increasing substantially and the energy supply is not in pace with demand. The recovery of energy from waste material is one of the best methods to tackle the energy crisis. The potential for recovery of energy from urban waste is high in Maharashtra followed by Uttar Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. In this paper,...
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... Besides biogas production, biogas yield (or methane yield) is also an important index in industrial application [37]. By this index, the biogas (methane) production per substrate utilization can be analyzed. ...
Traditional solid-state biogas production from lignocellulosic biomass has some issues such as relatively low methane yield, instability of fermentation system, etc., and these might be solved by changing solid-state mode to completely liquid-state mode using lignocellulosic hydrolysates as substrate for biogas production. However, the potential and possibility of this new technology for industrial application is still unclear. In this study, semi-pilot scale long-term biogas production using various lignocellulosic hydrolysates (acid hydrolysates of bagasse, rice straw, and corncob) as substrate was carried out in a 100 L up-flow anaerobic bioreactor (internal circulation reactor, IC) for 76 days. During operation, biogas was generated almost immediately when the substrate was pumped into bioreactor and the start-up can be finished in short period. Throughout the fermentation process, most COD (> 85%) of lignocellulosic hydrolysates was utilized for biogas production. High biogas yield (0.549 ± 0.058 m 3 /kg COD consumption), methane yield (0.381 ± 0.043 m 3 /kg COD consumption) and CH 4 content in biogas (69.6 ± 5.6%) can be obtained respectively when the fermentation system was stable. Variations of inlet pH value and types of lignocellulosic hydrolysate showed little influence on the operation performance of this fermentation system. Overall, the fermentation scale, operation period, COD removal, biogas yield, CH 4 content in biogas, and operation performance with various inlet pH value and different kinds of substrate shows that this technology has great potential and possibility of industrialization.
... In India there is deficiency of energy in required form to meet national developmental needs. [2] Raw vegetables wastes are used to produce biogas by anaerobic digestion process from a long time because in principle, it has high energy potential and enormous quantity of vegetable wastes are dumped daily in municipal and urban areas which needs to be processed to minimize environmental pollution. Even though anaerobic digestion is an old and proven technology, process design for efficient energy production is not fully understood and research and development work is going on to improve efficiency, reliability and applicability. ...
... In this paper, C.Marimuthu and V. Kirubakaran [2] did the anaerobic digestion method is used to find the potential of energy recovery from the liquid and solid waste in the form of biogas. Thus the production of biogas from industrial and domestic waste is working successfully in small and Large scale private projects in India. ...
... The first group of organism is collectively termed as acid formers which convert large organic molecules such as proteins, starches, cellulose etc. into organic acids (step one and Step two). In step three the conversion of acids to acetate and finally, in step four, acetate is converted to methane and carbon dioxide by the help of a group of microorganisms collectively termed methanogens.Solid retention time in anaerobic batch digestion is high (2). Time required for first two steps is very high with respect to other steps because hydrolysis and acid formations are taking places in these stages which consume most of the time. ...
... Finally, electrical energy is calculated of all the Bobbili city solid waste which comes out. It is found that electricity production from MSW could be an alternative way of power generation ribution License, which permits unrestricted use, Also the carbon emission from the natural gas production plant is found and compared with the conventional coal based power Marimuthu and Kirubakaran, 2015). Waste disposal is one of the major problems faced by all countries. ...
In India, the electricity sector supplies the world's 6th largest energy consumer, accounting to 3.4% of global energy consumption by more than 17% of global population. About 21.53% by hydroelectric power plants, 2.70% by nuclear power plants, 10.42% by R the electricity consumed in India is generated by thermal. The energy crisis and environmental degradation are currently two vital issues for global sustainable explosion in India, people generate thousands of tons of contributors for environmental degradation at global level. One of the major environment in India is Municipal solid waste management. The waste in Bobbili municipality and separation then transportation from city to municipal solid waste management park located 5km away on dry and wet out. It is found that electricity production from MSW could be an alternative way of power generation as well as waste management. Copyright©2016, Appa Rao et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creati distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Over the decades, the rapid population growth, enhanced consumerism, and demanding attitude of human being have imposed uncontrolled generation of municipal solid waste (MSW), around the globe. The efficient and economical management of MSW is a major problem, especially in developing counties because of poor segregation, lack of awareness, misapplication of advanced waste collection policies, and insufficient recycling alternatives. Thus, in majority of the countries, the commingled MSW is sent to landfill or dumped at a low-lying area, consequently creating series of environmental hazards including groundwater contamination, greenhouse gas emission, leachate pollution, pests-rodents, particulate emissions, and unhygienic surroundings. The procurement of recyclable materials from commingled MSW reduces landfill load and provides opportunity for resource development for various purposes. The categorization of valuable materials from source-separated MSW is prerequisite for recycling; therefore, an optimum and sustainable waste management strategy is needed. This chapter discusses the overall challenges associated with recycling of MSW according to adoptability of a country. Moreover, the chapter includes brief review of worldwide adopted technologies for recyclable material procurement. There are distinctive technologies adopted for recycling technologies by different countries, which could be baseline for underdeveloped countries with slight modifications. Such practices are also discussed thoroughly in the chapter. Sustainable environment building via efficient MSW management is discussed in brief. The overall discussion of this chapter will provide comprehensive summary for the state-of-the-art and will assist designers toward the development of sustainable prospective recycling technologies to eliminate existing shortcomings.
The performance and microbial community succession of a 36 L working volume plug flow reactor was evaluated for treated cattle manure at an organic loading rate of 2.67 g-TS/L/day, a temperature of 38 °C ± 1 °C, and a hydraulic retention time of 18 days. A reflux of acidizing fluid effectively enhanced anaerobic digestion performance and promoted optimization of microbial community structure. The average biogas volume production rate was 1.08 L biogas/L reactor, which was 116.5% higher than the control without reflux of acidizing fluid. The specific qmethane production yield and methane content reached 0.204 L/g VS and 70%. Moreover, methane yield achieved 0.34 m ³ /kg removal COD with a COD removal of about 70.56%. The bacteria genera Christensenellaceae, Bacteroidales, vadinBC27, Ruminococcaceae and Treponema_2 were further enriched. Methanosarcina became the dominant methanogen in the whole PFR operation process. This study offers new opportunities for producing renewable energy from enhanced cattle manure biodegradability.
