Posterolateral fusion (left) and interbody fusion (right) of the lumbar spine. (Adapted from Abbott 2010 [24])

Contexts in source publication

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... is a surgical technique in which two or more vertebrae are fi xed using screws and rods to restrict motion of the aff ected spinal segment(s), with the ultimate goal of bony fusion between these fi xed segments. Spinal fusion can be obtained either by placing bone graft between the transverse processes of the vertebrae or by inserting an interbody cage with autologous or synthetic bone graft placed between the vertebrae (Figure 2). ...

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... and context descriptions of the individual interventions according to the TIDieR checklist can be found in Appendix A (available at www.jospt.org). Figure 2 presents the outcomes of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for each of the 15 studies. None of the studies blinded participants and personnel due to the nature of the interventions. ...

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... the study period a total of 183 patients opting for LSF entered the clinic of which 135 patients could be stratified into risk profiles, from which 46 were identified as highrisk and 89 as low-risk ( Figure 2). Baseline characteristics and pre-operative physical fitness levels of both risk groups can be found in Table 1. ...

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... the validated model for clinically relevant reduction in predominant pain a nomogram was plotted (Figure 2). Patients' score points per predictor variable, as visualized on the rulers. ...

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... possible explanation for the low AUC is that we excluded possibly important predictors too soon in the model development phase, leading to overfitting (data fit "too well") of the model to the derivation set. [18] The added value of our study lies in the fact that we externally validated a model predicting a clinically relevant reduction in predominant pain in a European setting and translated it into a concrete tool for use in clinical practice (see Figure 2). ...

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... LOS ≤5 days (Figure 2A): American Society of Anesthesiologists score (median z score= 3.6; range, −0.3 to 7.5), flexibility (median z score= 5.1; range, 0.2-9.2), and back muscle endurance strength (median z score= 13.5; range, 7.8-19.8) ...

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... back muscle endurance strength (median z score= 13.5; range, 7.8-19.8) were associated with LOS ≤5 days.Prolonged LOS > 7 days (Figure 2b): age (median Z-score= 3.7 (-0.9-7.9)), RAND-36 PCS (median Z-score= 4.0 (0.8-7.1)), maximum pain (median Z-score= 6.4 (3.1-10)) and aerobic capacity (median Z-score= 8.7 (4.0-12.6)) ...

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... 2014, we conducted a nationwide survey study to elicit the current state of expert perioperative physiotherapeutic care services for patients opting for LSF in Dutch hospitals (chapter 3). Most hospitals provided post-operative rehabilitation and referred patients who underwent LSF to outpatient physiotherapy (Figure 2). However, some important dissimilarities between hospitals and discrepancies with recent evidence in physiotherapy practice were found. ...