Fig 3 - uploaded by Najat K. Mohammed
Content may be subject to copyright.
Poster produced by the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, Zanzibar advising on the need for hearing testing 3 months after fever admission discharge from hospital.
Source publication
Nutritional status and toxic elements body burden were evaluated in hair of children living in Zanzibar. 18 samples were collected
from Zanzibar town and 19 samples from Nungwi village, which is approximately 64 km from Zanzibar town. The analysis was carried
out using instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). The concentration ranges obtain...
Citations
... Furthermore, opting hair to analyze metal concentration in humans has additional benefits such as simpler sample collection, no harm to the human body, and ease to store or transfer for clinical examination, diagnosis, and environmental pollution monitoring (Xue et al., 2014). Many researchers have carried out considerable number of studies on metal content in hair (Anwar, 2005;Gonzalez-Reimers et al., 2014;Massaquoi et al., 2015;Mohammed et al., 2007;Mosaferi et al., 2005). ...
Human hair and nail samples from Cuddalore fisherfolk populations were used as biomarkers for assessing metal concentrations in humans. Hair samples from 80 participants (47 men and 33 women) and nail samples from 40 participants (21 men and 19 women) were collected, and the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn were assessed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Metal data from AAS were compared with the survey questionnaire's personal and dietary parameters. Results indicate that both personal and dietary parameters are influenced by metal exposure; however, majority of the sources may have originated from metal-contaminated seafood. Higher metal accumulation in communities, especially those which consume seafood on a daily basis, may increase the possibility for them to get affected by metal-related diseases. Based on environmental parameters, people who live ≤500 m from industrial zones accumulate more metals. Further extensive studies with more individuals and more questionnaire parameters are needed to identify the metal accumulation pathway in humans.
... First, the presence of elements such as Ag, Au, and Co can be due to cosmetics and/or personal hygiene products. In particular, Ag shows concentrations comparable with the data of the Rome group (0.740 ± 0.271 µg g −1 versus 0.40 ± 1.58 µg g −1 ) [50] and the Italian population (0.83 ± 1.96 µg g −1 ) [67] as well as Au (0.022 ± 0.014 µg g −1 vs. 0.036 ± 0.038 µg g −1 for the Italian population) [50], whereas Co shows decidedly lower levels than the Italian population (0.041 ± 0.013 µg g −1 vs. 0.145 ± 0.133 µg g −1 ), but they fall within the international data (0.002-15 µg g −1 ) [68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76]. ...
Hair is an ideal tissue for tracing the human health conditions. It can be cut easily and painlessly, and the relative clinical results can give an indication of mineral status and toxic metal accumulation following long-term or even acute exposure. Different authors have found outdoor pollution phenomena, such as the levels, significantly alter metal and metalloid hair contents. This paper investigates the element concentration variability in hair samples collected from a not-exposed teenager, neither environmentally nor professionally. The sampling was carried out for one week, and the samples were collected from different locations on the scalp. A nuclear analytical methodology, i.e., the Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, is used for determining about 30 elements. Some differences have been found among the samplings as well as between the proximal and distal sections. A deep comparison with other similar studies worldwide present in the literature has been performed for evidencing the relationships and the differences due to different ethnical origins, lifestyles, diets, and climates among the different young populations.
... Additionally, using scalp hair to study heavy metal content in human body has the added advantages of convenient material sampling, no damage to human body, and easy storage or transfer for pathological analysis, clinical diagnosis, and environmental pollution detection . Many scholars have conducted extensive research on heavy metal concentrations in hair (Ryabukhin 1976;Andrea et al. 2003;Mosaferi et al. 2005;Anwar 2005;Mohammed et al. 2007;Gonzalez-Reimers et al. 2014;Lamin et al. 2015;Massaquoi et al. 2015). These studies indicated that concentrations of heavy metals in hair are related to age, sex, environmental factors, ethnicity, local resident health differences, eating habit, and analytical method. ...
... Cu content gradually increased from 10.03 mg/kg in teenagers (<19 years of age) to 20.25 mg/kg of older men (>59 years of age). Pb content declined as age increased, which was similar to the results from other studies around the world (Petering et al. 1973;Tavakkoli et al. 2000;Andrea et al. 2003;Mosaferi et al. 2005;Mohammed et al. 2007;Gonzalez-Reimers et al. 2014;Lamin et al. 2015). Zn content increased by age, which is in agreement with previous reports from China (Dong and Cai 1999;Zhang and Meng 2001;Lei et al. 2007), but different or even contradictory to the findings outside China. ...
Heavy metal concentrations in soil, wheat, and scalp hair exposed to Beijing sewage discharge channel sewage irrigation area (BSIA) in Tianjin were studied to evaluate the influence of sewage irrigation. Results showed that the continuous application of wastewater has led to an accumulation of heavy metals in the soil, with 55.2 and 8.62% of soil samples accumulating Cd and Zn, respectively, at concentrations exceeding the permissible limits in China. Concentrations of heavy metals in wheat grain from BSIA were higher than these from the clean water irrigation area by 63.2% for Cd, 3.8% for Cu, 100% for Pb, 6.6% for Zn, and 326.7% for Cr. The heavy metal bioaccumulation factor (BAF) of wheat/soil in BSIA showed the following order: Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb > Cr. Interestingly, these accumulation of heavy metals in soil after sewage irrigation could increase the migration ability of heavy metals (particularly Zn and Cd) from soil to wheat. Mean concentrations of heavy metals in the hair of residents followed the decreasing trend of Zn > Cu > Pb > Cr > Cd, which were higher than the control area by 110.0% for Cd, 20.0% for Cu, 55.9% for Zn, 36.6% for Pb, and 64.6% for Cr. Concentrations of heavy metals in male human hair in BSIA were higher than those of females. And the concentrations of heavy metals except for Pb in human hair increased with their increasing ages. The heavy metal BAF values of wheat/soil in BSIA showed the trend of Zn (98.0057) > Pb (7.0162) > Cr (5.5788) > Cu (5.4853) > Cd (3.5584); heavy metals had obvious biological amplification from wheat to human hair. These results indicated that local population health was potentially exposed to the heavy metal risk via wheat consumption.
... Table 2 shows the average values along with the variability among samples expressed as standard deviations of each element, determined for male, female and entire population. The concentration levels determined in this study are in good agreement with previously published ranges [18,20,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39] in other studies. Mo, V and U show scarce data in literature. ...
Hair element characterization of homogeneous population (no-smoker teenagers, 15-19 years, 27 males, 104 females) along with the relationship between elements (32 analyzed by INAA) and some physiological parameters is reported: the inorganic fraction content varies according to sex, hair natural color and hair type. Correlations between elements allowed to extrapolate interesting considerations. Hair color shows slightly positive correlation values for S, Zn, Ba and Mo whereas hair type does not show significant correlations among various elements. Finally, a canonical analysis showed high positive coefficients for some alkaline-earth elements and other of exogenous origin.
... Hair from children has also been used in several research projects to assess their health and nutritional status [8][9][10][11][12]. The effect of dietary factor, geographical locations, and environmental exposure on the hair elemental concentration of children from Tanzania has been presented in a previous paper [13]. ...
The work presented in this paper is part of the study which aims at determining the levels of elements in hair of children in Tanzania as a bioindicator of their nutrition and health. In this paper, the levels of trace elements in hair from children living in Dar es Salaam have been analysed. The analysis was carried out by long and short irradiation INAA at the reactor centre of the Institute of Nuclear Physics, Rez Czech Republic. 22 samples were collected from children living at Kiwalani about 12 km from Dar es Salaam city and 16 samples from children living at Mlimani, the main campus of University of Dar es Salaam. A total of 34 elements were found in the hair of the children. There were no big differences between the concentration levels of the essential elements in hair samples collected from the children which might indicate the same food consumption habits.
The peak profile shape analysis has been preferentially used in the evaluation of X-ray and synchrotron powder diffraction pattern. However, neutron diffraction facilities of new generation frequently offer the instrumental resolution high enough to efficiently study the effects of broadening of neutron diffraction profiles. The present paper describes the procedure for a detailed evaluation of Bragg peak shape based on the method of transformed model fitting (TMF) which has been recently developed particularly for the treatment of neutron diffraction profiles. Microstructure modeling is performed in the reciprocal space and the convolution of the model with the instrumental resolution curve is fitted to the profiles recorded in the diffraction experiment.
Hair samples from junior high school students in metropolitan areas of Taichung, Taiwan were tested for a total of 13 elements,
Al, Ag, Br, Cl, Cr, Fe, K, La, Mn, Na, Sc, Se, and Zn by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) to establish seasonal
variations, gender and environmental exposures. The seasonal variations of hairs in 39 healthy students (18 males and 21 females;
age 13.3±0.4years; height, 158.0±4.1cm; weight, 53.4±5.7kg) were collected at 1.5-month intervals for 1year starting
from late August, 2008. The concentrations of the above elements varied from 103 to 10−2μgg−1 at different sampling times. A quantified index of agreement (AT) was introduced to help classify the elements. A smaller
AT indicated highly consistent quantities of specific metals in the hair while a larger AT indicated increased fluctuation,
i.e., less agreement. The different ATs in various hair samples were discussed. The concentrations of these elements are compared
with the data in the literature.
KeywordsHair–Junior high school students–Elements–Metropolitan areas–Agreement
