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Background:
Mouthwashes are an adjunct to, not a substitute for, regular brushing and flossing. Chlorohexidine is cationic bis-biguanide broad spectrum antiseptic with both anti-plaque and antibacterial properties. It has side-effects like brownish discoloration of teeth and dorsum of the tongue, taste perturbation, oral mucosal ulceration, etc. T...
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Introduction:
Mouthrinses have been in use for centuries as breath fresheners, medicaments, and antiseptics. Dill is said to be a good source of calcium, manganese and iron. It contains flavonoids known for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Dill can help with microbial infections in the mouth; and its anti-oxidants mi...
Introduction: Visually impaired patients are unable to visualize the plaque on tooth surfaces resulting in inadequate plaque removal and therefore the progression of dental caries and inflammatory disease of the periodontium. The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of herbal mouth wash in reduction of plaque and gingivitis among...
Citations
... The results of all the investigations demonstrated a considerable decline in both the herbal based and non-herbal based groups of mouthwashes; nevertheless, there is little variation in GI and PI scores between the two groups [16]. ...
General health and dental health are equally important. Periodontal disease, gingivitis, plaque, and sore throats may affect a higher proportion of the population these days. To support maintaining the best possible dental health, several formulae are available. To support maintaining the best possible dental health, several formulae are available. Using mouthwash is recommended to lessen plaque, discomfort, bacteria, and bad breath. Herbal mouthwash is preferred over chemical mouthwash since it has fewer side effects or almost no side effects, doesn't include alcohol, and is not irritating. Medicinal plants can be used for prevention, treatment and management of disease as they have antibacterial qualities against pathogens that afflict humans. Compared to synthetic mouthwash, herbal mouthwash has fewer or no negative effects because it is made from extracts of crude drugs. Several plant extracts are used to make herbal mouthwashes. The following herbs which are helpful in dentistry are mentioned in this article: clove, peppermint, miswak, Tulsi, wintergreen, guava, pomegranate, and cinnamon. Mouthwashes made with natural ingredients that people may easily make and use safely at home could improve dental health in general. Using natural mouthwash to maintain dental health is the main objective of this review.
... Being a positively charged cationic substance, CHX adheres strongly to the bacterial cell wall and alters the structural integrity of the bacterial cell membrane. When free CHX molecules enter the cells, they induce protein coagulation, thereby reducing cellular activity, which ultimately leads to cell death [22]. When combined with other substances like Moraceae or used alone, CHX significant reduces the level of bacteria in the saliva [23]. ...
Oral care is a crucial challenge of nursing care in orally intubated patients. Oropharyngeal colonization with microorganisms is probably the first step in the pathogenesis of most bacterial pulmonary infections. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different oral care solutions on the oral health status of critically ill patients. We conducted a quasi-experimental study involving a convenience sample of 60 adult orally intubated patients, distributed equally into three groups: 20 patients received 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) solution as an oral rinse; 20 patients received 0.1% hexetidine (HEX) solution as an oral rinse; and a control group of 20 patients received routine hospital oral care with 0.9% normal saline (NS) solution. Oropharyngeal and tracheal cultures were obtained from patients within 24-48 h of admission, before the administration of topical oral antimicrobial solutions and then repeated on day 4 and day 7 after the oral solutions. The study revealed that CHX has a more powerful effect than HEX and NS in improving the oral mucosa and decreasing colonization of both the oropharynx and trachea. On day 7, the improvements were statistically significant in the CHX group and the HEX group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively), but not in the NS group. This research confirms the effect of CHX and HEX in lowering the risk of tracheal and oropharyngeal colonization, and recommends the use of a CHX solution as oral mouth care in critically ill patients.
... Herbal mouthwash contains a natural ingredient called phytochemical that contains an antioxidant effect. Herbal mouthwashes are safe alternative, especially for children [17,18]. One of the herbs that have antioxidant properties is Aloe vera [17]. ...
Objective: This paper aims to report a study regarding the successful treatment using zinc, Aloe vera, and stabilized chlorine dioxide as an antioxidant mouthwash in a patient with AML. Methods: A series of clinical examinations, including subjective and objective examinations, were done to establish the diagnosis. Results: A 9 y old boy, who was already diagnosed with AML, referred to the oral medicine division because of the hemorrhagic crust of his lips. The extra-oral examination showed severe hemorrhagic crust and erosions on the upper and lower lips. The intra-oral examination could not be evaluated in detail, but the active bleeding was seen. A hematology investigation showed pancytopenia. Patients received packed red cell (PRC) and thrombocyte concentrate (TC) blood transfusions, as well as an antioxidant mouthwash containing zinc, Aloe vera, and stabilized chlorine dioxide, for compressing the lips every 1-2 h with a duration of 30 min. Significant improvement in lip lesions was gained in a short time after blood transfusions and regular use of the mouthwash compresses. Conclusion: In this study, the mouthwash containing zinc, Aloe vera, and stabilized chlorine dioxide that can accelerate the healing process in our AML patient was estimated due to its antioxidant effects.
... Studies have examined the efficacy and benefits that SP may have for periodontal care and the mechanism of action through its anti-inflammatory [493,495,496], antioxidant [494][495][496][497][498], and antibacterial effects [493,499,500], as well as the regenerative modulatory activity it has. SP's clinical therapeutic impact on periodontal health and inflammation (Tables 1 and 2) has been reviewed [192][193][194][195][501][502][503][504][505][506][507][508][509]. All trials that employed SP (Table 1) showed a substantial decrease in gingival inflammation and plaque buildup, suggesting the effectiveness of SP herbal supplementary treatment in treating or preventing inflammation and plaque, which are significant contributors to periodontal diseases [510]. ...
... All trials that employed SP (Table 1) showed a substantial decrease in gingival inflammation and plaque buildup, suggesting the effectiveness of SP herbal supplementary treatment in treating or preventing inflammation and plaque, which are significant contributors to periodontal diseases [510]. Comparing the clinical outcomes of SP to those of chlorhexidine (CHX) as a principal mouthwash used in periodontal therapy [511] showed that SP provided equal or better results [507,508]. Moreover, Rezaei et al. discovered that herbal mouthwash considerably reduced GI more effectively than chlorhexidine (p < 0.05) [508]. ...
... Moreover, Rezaei et al. discovered that herbal mouthwash considerably reduced GI more effectively than chlorhexidine (p < 0.05) [508]. However, Prasad et al. [507] reported that neither 0.2% chlorohexidine nor herbal mouthwash significantly affected GI or PI (p = 0.969 and 0.427, respectively). ...
Periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most common infectious oral diseases impacting oral health globally. Oral cavity health is crucial for enhancing life quality since it serves as the entranceway to general health. The oral microbiome and oral infectious diseases are strongly correlated. Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria have been associated with periodontal diseases. Due to the shortcomings of several antimicrobial medications frequently applied in dentistry, the lack of resources in developing countries, the prevalence of oral inflammatory conditions, and the rise in bacterial antibiotic resistance, there is a need for reliable, efficient, and affordable alternative solutions for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Several accessible chemical agents can alter the oral microbiota, although these substances also have unfavorable symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, and tooth discoloration. Natural phytochemicals generated from plants that have historically been used as medicines are categorized as prospective alternatives due to the ongoing quest for substitute products. This review concentrated on phytochemicals or herbal extracts that impact periodontal diseases by decreasing the formation of dental biofilms and plaques, preventing the proliferation of oral pathogens, and inhibiting bacterial adhesion to surfaces. Investigations examining the effectiveness and safety of plant-based medicines have also been presented, including those conducted over the past decade.
... Extracts from neem inhibit the growth of S. mutans and used in the treatment of periodontitis. It contains anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant property (Prasad et al., 2015). ...
... Oral disorders, particularly periodontal diseases, have been treated with medicines derived from the Ayurvedic tradition. In periodontal therapy, oral rinses containing herbal content are used to decrease plaque and inflammation in the gums and mouth.Herbal mouthwashes, such the ones recommended by Dalirsani et al., Anupama et al., provide benefits like less side effects and lower costs than chlorhexidine [11].As a result of this, we decided to investigate the effect of Prunus persica on gingival health with its regular consumption. ...
Background: Medicinal use of a plant's seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark, or flowers is known as herbal medicine, botanical medicine, or phytomedicine. The usage of herbs goes beyond the realm of traditional medicine, but this practice has a long history. Almost one fourth of pharmaceutical drugs are derived from botanicals. One such product is peach scientifically called as "Prunus persica". Aims: to evaluate the astringent and anti-inflammatory property of Prunus Persica in comparison to chlorhexidine gel. Settings and design: Randomized, Parallel Group Trial Material and methods: The present research is a randomized control trial using mouth wash prepared from peach extract for a period of 28 days. The participants were given a random assignment to either the positive control group or the test group. A modified
... these calculations, a sample of16 people was obtained in each group, so the total sample in this study was 32 people.Research Ethical AspectsThis research has obtained ethical approval from the Unjani ethics commission with no: 026/UMI.05/2021 The researcher visited state junior high school (SMPN) 2 Cimahi and gave a cover letter of ethics as follows: (1) Information to participants. ...
Background: Plaque can cause damage to the tooth structure and supporting tissues, so it is necessary to take plaque control measures. The use of mouthwash such as hexetidine and chlorhexidine in chemical plaque control is effective in reducing plaque formation. Both of these mouthwashes were proven to have antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans which is one of the bacteria that causes plaque, so it is necessary to compare the effectiveness of the two ingredients to determine the difference in the effectiveness of the two types of mouthwash on the plaque index.Methods: This research method is a pre-test post-test control group design. The plaque index examination was carried out before and after gargling. The subjects in this study consisted of 32 students of state junior high school (SMPN) 2 Cimahi aged 13-15 years. This research was conducted by examining the Silness and Loe plaque index. Chi-square was used to test the normality of the data and then analyzed by t-test.Results: The results showed that there was a difference in the mean plaque index after rinsing with hexetidine and chlorhexidine of 0.077 and 0.167, respectively.Conclusion: There was a significant difference in the comparison of plaque index after gargling using hexetidine and chlorhexidine mouthwash, where hexetidine showed more effective results as an antibacterial agent in reducing plaque in the oral cavity.
... Although several studies [12][13][14][15] have shown the role of mouthwashes in plaque control, the literature highlighting the public's perception and preferences towards mouthwashes as agents of plaque control is limited. Against this backdrop, this research aims to assess the public's perception of mouthwash and its usage through a cross-sectional questionnaire study. ...
... Six of the trials were found to have a minimal risk of samples and personnel blinding. However, the detailed technique for blinding of participants and staff in three investigations was not reported (Jaidka et al., 2015a,b;Prasad et al., 2015;Singh et al., 2012). ...
... The majority of the included studies were thought to have an unclear risk of bias. This is caused by insufficient respondents and personnel concealment, as well as inadequate concealment of outcome assessment, and the majority of the studies included convenient samples from the trials fraternity (Bhat et al., 2014), (Deshmukh et al., 2017), (Jaidka et al., 2015a,b), (Prasad et al., 2015), (Rahmani and Radvar, 2005), (Singh et al., 2012), (Vandana et al., 2014) and only one study recruited female sample (Bassiouny and Al Barrak, 2014). ...
... Among the randomization techniques were, for instance, coin tossing (Aspalli et al., 2014) and (Bhate et al., 2015), lottery method (Bagchi et al., 2015), (Prasad et al., 2015) and (Bhat et al., 2014), random number table (Deshmukh et al., 2017) and computer-generated random numbers (Singh et al., 2012). For allocation concealment, the majority of the studies reported on techniques for subject masking towards the types of mouthwash used by dispensing in identical bottles. ...
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Salvadora persica L., also known as miswak, is an indigenous plant most prevalent in the Middle Eastern, some Asian, and African countries. It has medicinal and prophylactics function for numerous illnesses, including periodontal disease. Various trials, apart from World Health Organization encouragement have contributed to the production and use of S. persica in extract form in the formulation of mouthwash. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical effect of Salvadora persica-extract mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash for anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis functions.
Methods
Using the PRISMA 2020 Protocol, a systematic search of the publications was undertaken from the MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholars for randomized control trials published through 31st January 2022 to determine the effectiveness of Salvadora persica-extract mouthwash relative to chlorhexidine gluconate as anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis properties.
Results
A total of 1809 titles and abstracts were screened. Of these, twenty-two studies met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review while only sixteen were selected for meta-analysis. The overall effects of standardized mean difference and 95% CI were 0.89 [95% CI 0.09 to 1.69] with a χ² statistic of 2.54, 15 degrees of freedom (p < 0.00001), I² = 97% as anti-plaque function and 95% CI were 0.12 [95% CI -0.43 to 0.67] with a χ² statistic of 0.68 with 10 degree of freedom (p < 0.00001), I² = 89% as anti-gingivitis.
Conclusion
This review suggests that Salvadora persica-extract mouthwash causes a significant reduction of plaque and gingival inflammation. While the improvement is inferior to chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash, S. persica-extract mouthwash may be considered as a herbal alternative to the user pursuing periodontal care with natural ingredients.
... 5 Chemical agents also help orthodontic patients who have difficulties in maintaining plaque control by mechanical means alone. 6 The present study compared effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouth rinse on oral hygiene of patients with different types of orthodontic brackets. ...
Background: Multibracket orthodontic appliances increase dental plaque retention and make oral hygiene more difficult for patients. The present study compared effectiveness of chlorhexidine mouth rinse on oral hygiene of patients with different types of orthodontic brackets. Materials & Methods: 60 patients undergoing fixed orthodontics were divided into 2 groups. Group I patients received metal-stainless steel brackets and group II patients received ceramic brackets. Subgroup I received 0.2% chlorhexidine solution (0.2% CHX) and subgroup II received 0.2% chlorhexidine solution with anti-discoloration system (0.2% CHX-ADS). Assessment of gingival index and oral hygiene index was evaluated before orthodontic treatment, after 6 weeks and after 12weeks. Results: The mean OHI in subgroup I was 0.72, 0.50 and 0.64 and in subgroup II was 0.70, 0.46 and 0.52 at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. GI was 0.46, 0.34 and 0.38 and in subgroup II was 0.42, 0.26 and 0.34 respectively at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. OHI in subgroup I was 0.66, 0.42 and 0.68 and in subgroup II was 0.62, 0.35 and 0.46 at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks respectively. In subgroup I, mean GI at baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks in subgroup I was 0.38, 0.26 and 0.36 respectively and in subgroup II was 0.36, 0.12 and 0.34 respectively. The difference was non-significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion: CHX-ADS was more effective than CHX alone in controlling gingivitis. INTRODUCTION Periodontal problems after the placement of orthodontic bands, brackets, and arch wires are the result of inherent irregularities on fixed orthodontic appliances. 1 These irregularities provide additional opportunities for the collection and retention of food and debris. The increased supply of substrate permits luxuriant bacterial growth and accounts for the increased concentration of bacteria in the plaque. 2 Undisturbed supragingival plaque initiates gingival inflammation. The development of gingivitis depends on the accumulation of supragingival plaque, and the regular removal of plaque will prevent gingivitis. 3 Multibracket orthodontic appliances increase dental plaque retention and make oral hygiene more difficult for patients. 4 It is hard to effectively educate patients to reduce plaque solely by mechanical means as mechanical methods of plaque removal require motivation, manual dexterity and dedication.
