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The paper aims to study gender differences in self-representation and involvement in political communication in social networks. The author presents the results of the study of Facebook postings within a viral flashmob ‘The Island of the ‘90's’ devoted to a controversial period of Russia's modern history. The author offers the rationale for their a...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... identified the attitude (positive or negative) towards the flashmob. Thus, the attitudes towards the flashmob (positive, negative) expressed in postings were chosen as the categories of the content analysis of Group 3. The results of the analysis are presented in Table 5. ...Context 2
... we can see from Table 5, statistically significant difference between genders in the attitude to the flashmob was observed. Women expressed positive attitude to flashmob more often than men. ...Context 3
... finding is supported by our analysis of postings containing bloggers' attitude to the flashmob (Group 3). Contrasted with the approximate parity of the relative proportion of male and female postings in Group 3, there is a significant prevalence of negative attitudes towards the flashmob expressed by men (15.5% of female postings vs 53% of male postings in Group 3, see Table 5). On the one hand, the observed difference may signify that the narcissistic motivation for participation in social media campaigns is more likely to be applied to females than to males. ...Citations
... The literature has indicated that male students tend to adopt a more confrontational and assertive communication style, while females are more socially sensitive [24], prefer relationship-building and collaboration [16,25], and shy away from competition and conflict in their learning activities [26,27]. A possible reason is that women have been found to acquire more emotional intelligence than men as measured by emotion perception, expression, regulation, and stress adaption [17,[28][29][30]. However, most of these studies only examined gender differences during collaborative processes and lacked systematic analysis of learners' collaborative behaviors and social interactions before, during, and after class, which are known to affect collaborative learning performance and process synergically [31,32]. ...
This study investigated the effects of gender and gender pairing on behaviors and social interaction during collaborative learning in a blended learning environment. Three types of pairing (all-female, all-male, and mixed) were considered in an empirical study with 44 undergraduate students. The results revealed that, first, female students were more likely to perform well in listening, talking, and integrating during class, and in the quality of posts after class, whereas male students tended to engage more in irrelevant behavior in collaboration. Second, same-gender groups were more active in collaborative discussion, but all-male groups performed worst in quality of posts after class. Third, both male and female students were more active in same-gender groups than in mixed groups. Finally, same-gender groups tended to have greater interpersonal connectedness than mixed-gender groups. The paper ends with a list of practical implications for facilitating effective collaborative learning in co-educational college classrooms.
... Societal norms may dictate gender-based social roles and gender stereotypes, which trigger differences in social media interactions (Armstrong & Adamson, 2021;Maximova & Lukyanova, 2020;Wagner et al., 2019). Additionally, studies have found that users of different ages and genders have varying social media use behaviour (Anderson & Jiang, 2018;Schodt et al., 2021;Sharifian et al., 2021). ...
This study provides an overview of social media usage among researchers in Malaysia and examines factors affecting their use for science communication. The online questionnaire gathered the opinions of 425 researchers from over 20 science disciplines. The descriptive analysis highlighted usage preferences for 10 commonly used social media, while statistical analysis in particular MANOVA and correlation analysis, identified significant factors influencing researchers’ social media use. Up to 62% of respondents believe that social media is more effective in reaching the public, compared to other media. WhatsApp, Facebook, YouTube, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate are routinely used or perceived as beneficial to use. However, Twitter, Instagram, WordPress, and LinkedIn are seldom used because they are less preferred for science communication. Seniority, perceived importance, and perceived credibility are significantly correlated with both intention and actual use. Meanwhile, age and experience are significantly correlated with actual use, but not the intention. Researchers are likely to post and share more on social media if they believe that science communication is important or if they are credible enough to present a scientific consensus. This study offered important insights into the perceptions, concerns, and factors influencing their use for science communication. By determining the perceptions, concerns and motivators affecting researchers, the findings shed light on effective ways to promote researchers’ use of social media to communicate scientific knowledge.
... Research indicates women's external efficacy, the extent they can influence others and be taken seriously, may be undermined on some platforms (Southern & Harmer, 2019). The experience of what Fox et al. (2015) describe as ambient sexism: rebuttals to comments that suggest political engagement is not a women's domain as they lack the competence can undermine their sense of external efficacy and lead them to self-censor (Maximova & Lukyanova, 2020). Equally, public debates about women being intimidated, threatened or discredited can give the impression that the online environment is a hostile space for women considering engaging in political discourse (Sobieraj, 2020). ...
... Some studies have related this to the nature of discourse on platforms, with open environments (forums, Twitter) often found to be polarized and uncivil (Anderson & Huntington, 2017), whereas on more closed platforms, the quality and civility are higher (Rowe, 2015). Given women avoid discussions that lead to interpersonal conflicts or openly hostile interactions (Maximova & Lukyanova, 2020;Vochocova et al., 2016), the perceived character of discourse on a platform may be a mitigating factor (Yamamoto et al., 2020). Trust in the platform and trust other users will behave respectfully and honestly are both found to be important for facilitating the engagement of women (Song et al., 2021). ...
... This is a common pattern in several studies unrelated to politics (Martin and Ford, 2018), so it is likely that this finding reflects general gender differences, such as men's preference for sexual or aggressive humor (Hofmann et al., 2020). Indeed, it has been observed that women prefer less offensive patterns of political behavior online (Maximova and Lukyanova, 2020), and the systematic review by Hofmann et al. (2020) concluded that there could be social pressures that discourage women's use of aggressive humor. ...
Social media has increased its popularity among politicians. If they wish to succeed in the political arena, politicians need to present themselves to citizens as attractive individuals through these platforms. This study examined how politicians present themselves using humor on Twitter. We analyzed tweets (n=6,443) from 27 politicians to determine their use of different types of humor and its relationship with age, gender, or political position. We also present changes in humor use in relation to the publication of a political survey in which politicians who were part of this study were evaluated. Results showed politicians’ use of humor is relatively low in frequency and primarily aggressive. Politicians who are male, younger, and in the opposition tend to use more aggressive humor. We discuss the results considering the role of aggressive humor in political messages. Based on the analyses of tweets and the publication of the survey, we propose as a hypothesis for future studies that politicians’ use of humor on Twitter could be affected by the publication of these kinds of surveys.
... Today, the popularity of social media is increasing, social networks have become widespread, they have united culturally and demographically diverse internet users. Then, the purpose of social network communication is to maintain contacts and good relations with one's friends and acquaintances, as well as enhance one's own, usually positive, image [13]. ...
... Research indicates women's external efficacy, the extent they can influence others and be taken seriously, may be undermined on some platforms (Southern & Harmer, 2019). The experience of what Fox et al. (2015) describe as ambient sexism: rebuttals to comments that suggest political engagement is not a women's domain as they lack the competence can undermine their sense of external efficacy and lead them to self-censor (Maximova & Lukyanova, 2020). Equally, public debates about women being intimidated, threatened or discredited can give the impression that the online environment is a hostile space for women considering engaging in political discourse (Sobieraj, 2020). ...
... Some studies have related this to the nature of discourse on platforms, with open environments (forums, Twitter) often found to be polarized and uncivil (Anderson & Huntington, 2017), whereas on more closed platforms, the quality and civility are higher (Rowe, 2015). Given women avoid discussions that lead to interpersonal conflicts or openly hostile interactions (Maximova & Lukyanova, 2020;Vochocova et al., 2016), the perceived character of discourse on a platform may be a mitigating factor (Yamamoto et al., 2020). Trust in the platform and trust other users will behave respectfully and honestly are both found to be important for facilitating the engagement of women (Song et al., 2021). ...
There is an inconclusive debate on whether male and female users of social media platforms engage with political content differently. While some highlight minimal differences, others evidence an engagement gap where male are more visible within online environments. Drawing on data from a representative survey of citizens in France, the UK and USA, we explore the engagement gap in more granular detail. Our data show minimal gender differences for most forms of online political engagement, but there remain some indications of a gendered divide. While the feeling of external efficacy is crucial to engage online regardless gender, women appear to need a sense of higher levels of competence in order to engage with online political content, especially for sharing and commenting. The study confirms interest in politics, extreme political ideological views and large social media network as prompt for more eager political engagement, but we do not find any substantial gender differentiation. Our findings suggest some minimal country differences on women engagement in commenting. Overall, our data indicate that while women may be as likely as men to participate in online political expression, through sharing and commenting, and may have an equal overall share of voice, the voices of many women are at least more muted in open public political discussions environment.
... The purpose of using a social network is usually connected to maintaining contacts and good relations with one's friends and acquaintances, as well as the enhancement of one's own, usually positive, image (Kwon and Wen, 2010;Maximova and Lukyanova, 2020). Social networks become relevant for acquiring political knowledge, as it is formed by formal edu-cation and the people with whom we interact, even if it takes place on social media and networks (Campbell, 2013). ...
Social networks perform a highly important role in public governance, especially in its communication processes, since they are an alternative to usual methods of communication and the dissemination of information, and it is becoming easier and quicker to publicise the political content, to receive feedback, and to form one’s opinion. Citizens can express their viewpoints on issues which are relevant to self-government, whereas representatives of the municipality can inform citizens about activities and ongoing changes, seek the support of citizens, and pursue their political career goals. The purpose of this research is to reveal how social networks can be employed for citizen engagement at the local self-government level, by identifying the characteristics of the link between municipal councillors and citizens. The research employed both quantitative and qualitative research approaches, using methods such as the content analysis of 335 account entries (posts) on the social network Facebook by four municipal councillors and semi-structured interviews with said councillors. The empirical research demonstrates that municipal councillors use their Facebook accounts to disseminate information on important matters of local self-government, raising questions which are relevant to society, and receiving feedback from citizens (assessment of problems, suggested solutions); however, there is a lack of other kinds of engagement of citizens, i.e. institutional (applied by a municipality), via Facebook, even though there are possibilities available for not only the dissemination of information but also for discussions and the submission of suggestions via social networks.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Gender-based communication differences are described in educational online communities, but have not been rigorously evaluated in medical online communities. Understanding gender differences in communication may provide insight into gender disparities in the medical profession. Our objective was to describe gender differences in post frequency, content, and language styles on the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Hospital Medicine (SOHM) listserv.
METHODS
Posts were obtained from publicly available SOHM listserv archives. The first month of every quarter of 2019 and 2020 were reviewed. Two reviewers assigned a post topic (clinical, research, etc) and format (question vs statement) to all deidentified original posts (K = 1.0 topic, 0.89 format). Six trained reviewers assigned language styles (intraclass coefficient = 0.73, indicating good agreement).
RESULTS
We analyzed 1592 posts: 287 original posts and 1305 responses. Frequency: Women authored 50% of posts. The 9 most frequent posters (7 men, 2 women) accounted for 19.5% of posts. Content: Men’s posts had more words than women’s (132.51 vs 112.3, P ≤ .01). Men were more likely to post about health policy and research (P < .001). Men were more likely to post statements compared with women (39% vs 21%, P < .001). Style: Men’s posts were more likely to be coded adversarial (12.3% vs 5.5%, P < .001) authoritative (12.2% vs 6.5%, P < .001) or self-amplifying (6.5% vs 3.6%, P < .001).
CONCLUSIONS
Women contribute disproportionately fewer posts to the American Academy of Pediatrics SOHM listserv compared with their percentage in the subspecialty. We noted significant gender differences in language style and content, which may impact career development and online community inclusion.
This research was conducted due to a negative perception of elementary school teachers, mostly women, on Twitter as one of the social media platforms throughout the pandemic. From a media perspective, social media become important platforms for conveying confusion as well as providing solutions to parents. The research question is how netizen represents their struggle on social media, and whether there is a difference between men and women. The research used social semiotics as a method. The results are as follows. First, the conversation on female teachers' roles and responsibilities did not describe the existing social reality because the teachers’ voices were unheard in the tweets. If did exist any, their voices were conveyed by someone else. Second, men spoke in an asymmetrical style of communication and considered the problems related to online learning to be systematic. While on the other hand women used symmetrical ones which ironically discriminate against or make a scapegoat of female teachers.
The article is devoted to the identification of gender peculiarities in applying the strategy of expert opinion demonstration as one of the ways to manipulate recipients on the Internet. On the basis of linguistic analysis of English blogs with expert content selected by the method of continuous sampling, specific speech tactics which express gender identity in the process of expert opinion presentation are characterized. The interdependence between the functional load of the blogs and the speech tools used by the bloggers is established and analyzed. It was revealed that female experts implemented the tactics of uncertainty, justification and intimacy expressed in conditional sentences, just to convey hesitation, means of semantic hyperbolization of speech, appeal to another person's opinion and the results of other people's research, quotes, dialogicity of utterances in the blogs. The blogs created by male experts featured implementation of the tactics of we-community, knowledge demonstration, intimidation, beliefs with high degree of textual cohesion, description of negative scenario in case of the expert's recommendations ignoring, rhetorical questions and adverb instead embedding, negative constructions and verbs in the imperative mood. The identified tactics and speech means used for these tactics implementation are qualified as gender markers of manipulative influence on the user through the expression of expert opinion.
