Figure 1 - uploaded by Laszlo Andor
Content may be subject to copyright.
Population employed, unemployed and economically inactive, EU-28, age 15-24, 2012. Source: Eurostat, Statistics Explained ( 18 )
Source publication
The Youth Guarantee is a policy agreed by all European Union (EU) Member States in 2013 to reduce the high numbers of young people who cannot find a job or are not even trying to find one. The Youth Guarantee seeks to help, especially by reducing the duration of youth unemployment or inactivity. This OSE Working Paper reviews the main lessons learn...
Similar publications
Economic development positions human as an important factor of production. Therefore quality human resources are needed for sustainable development. Indonesia as a country with a large population potential is expected to take advantage of the opportunity through demographic bonuses that will occur in 2020-2030. However, the emergence of NEET (not i...
Even in a strong job market with low overall unemployment, a substantial number of youth are disconnected from work and schooling. Being disconnected during early ages (between sixteen and twenty-four) can have negative impacts on future labor-market success and other outcomes. This article presents data and summarizes the literature on the causes...
This chapter describes the origins of the concept of NEETs (young people not in employment, education, or training) and discusses its future role in the European policy agenda by disentangling the heterogeneity of the NEET population. The term NEET entered into European policy debates as an additional indicator to facilitate a better understanding...
The issue of how youth are motivated to prepare for their careers has been longstanding, yet studies in this area remain limited. This study examines the effect of labor market risk, such as wages and unemployment, on the career preparedness of young people, taking the example of Taiwan. Multi-year cross-sectional data from a manpower utilization s...
Combating youth unemployment is a key priority in many European countries. However, there is little information available on the so-called NEETs - young persons not in employment, education or training. This article aims to increase the body of knowledge on this topic by supplying detailed information on the Dutch NEET group and by analysing the po...
Citations
... In parallel, the younger job seekers were left, for the most part, with atypical contracts as the result of a going-flexible policy entirely à l'italienne. As former members of the European Commission and supporters of the Youth Guarantee, Andor and Veselý (2018) pointed out how it is the young people who usually are fired in difficult economic times. ...
... 21 Even if 'there is also a need for a short-term response to counter the dramatic effects of the economic crisis on the labour market', 22 the purpose of this Guarantee is to 'contribute to sustainable and inclusive economic growth'. 23 Andor and Veselý (2018), in this regard, defined the Youth Guarantee as a structural reform that aims to reduce the duration of youth unemployment and their non-participation in the labour market. Differently from a regulation, a directive, or a decision, a recommendation by the institutions of the European Union is not binding from a legislative perspective. ...
... Pr ( leads to flex-'insecurity'. 52 Andor and Veselý (2018) themselves acknowledged that in some areas of the European Union, young people are likely to be faced with a cascade of insecurity in terms of job offers. This would signify that a programme such as the Youth Guarantee could only help individuals initially. ...
The paper uses non-experimental longitudinal data to study the effects of participation in the Youth Guarantee programme aimed at fighting youth inactivity in the European Union territory. Particularly, this analysis questions the value of active labour market policy as a valid instrument to help individuals otherwise isolated from the labour market and, thus, at risk of deterioration of human capital overcome their condition of occupational inactivity. A difference-in-differences model is exploited in this regard to investigate whether there exists an advantage for participants of the Youth Guarantee in terms of employment and job stability. Results show that participants are 7.4 and 4.4 percentage points more likely to, respectively, become employed and be offered an open-ended contract. An assessment of profiling is also provided.
... The Youth Guarantee (YG) is a policy agreed by the European Union in 2013 to fight youth unemployment, mainly based on improving the transition from school to work (Andor and Veselý, 2018). The objective of the YG is to "ensure that all young people under the age of 25 years receive a good-quality offer of employment, continued education, an apprenticeship or a traineeship within a period of four months of becoming unemployed or leaving formal education" (Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth Guarantee, 2013/C 120/1). ...
... When it comes to implementation, Escudero and López Mourelo (2017) find that while most countries have established clear eligibility criteria and appropriate institutional frameworks, and are providing a comprehensive package of measures, many of them are still facing challenges when meeting the objectives of early intervention and effective enforcement mechanisms. As Andor and Veselý (2018) remark, the YG is an ambitious change in how governments conceive youth employment policies, and revamping and coordinating existing interventions will take time. ...
Proactive labour market policies consist of active labour market measures or other interventions that are implemented pre-emptively, with the aim of protecting people against a wide range of labour market problems and economic shocks. Proactive policies will be important in facing the challenges of the future of work. The discussion is based on a review of effective active labour market policies (ALMPs) including training, public works, direct job creation, employment incentives and job counselling and other labour market services; specifically, it examines how ALMPs and their integration with income support programmes can be used in a proactive manner. Throughout the paper, differences between developed and developing and emerging countries are considered. The paper suggests that policy implementation is crucial for a proactive approach, which can permit the use of complementary policies and programmes with proactive and reactive features that support activation of the labour force. It argues that social dialogue may enhance the role of implementation variables, especially tripartite social dialogue at an aggregate level. A combination of policies in the context of social protection floors for developing countries and activation strategies for developed countries can also help in the transition to an effective proactive approach.
This contribution discusses the asymmetry between the economic and the social dimensions of the European integration process and underlines the need for concrete rebalancing initiatives, provided they are based on “socio-liberalism” and “ordo-socialism.”EU countries indeed all share a “social market economy” model trying to combine economic competitiveness, social cohesion, and the protection of the environment in a democratic context, but they remain “united in diversity.” Considering the limited EU competences in the social field and intra-EU differences, EU social measures accompanying European economic liberalization must be even more enhanced. Given the recently disrupted de facto convergence, EMU flaws, and the strain between “economic” and “social” Europe during the euro-crisis, a reconciliation and reconfiguration opportunity has arisen with the adoption of the European Pillar of Social Rights, which can reinforce “ordo-socialism” as the second pillar of “social Europe,” on the basis of several complementary legal and financial initiatives.
The spread of the coronavirus has made economic conditions difficult in many economic areas and has led to skyrocketing youth unemployment in most European countries. On the basis of simple model calculations, we estimate the consequences of the COVID-19 shutdown on youth unemployment in the European Union for the year 2020. According to our estimations, youth unemployment will increase from 2.8 to 4.8 million. The youth unemployment rate will increase to 26%, and the number of young people not in education, employment and training (NEET) will increase from 4.7 to 6.7 million. Policymakers at the national and international level should react as quickly as possible and make great efforts to avoid these negative scenarios. We suggest the introduction of a new European Youth Guarantee to ensure fiscal relief for those countries that suffer the most economically. It should be financed jointly by the EU and the respective member states. We suggest a new formula-based co-financing model in order to guarantee solidarity between the member states.
A dominant theme of this annual review of social policy in the European Union is the way in which the European Pillar of Social Rights (EPSR) has slowly but steadily started to influence EU policymaking, well before it was politically endorsed in November 2017. The Pillar’s new ‘rights-based social investment approach’ is at present leaving its mark on the 2018 European Semester and has triggered two batches of legislation: the ‘Pillar Package’ and the ‘Social Fairness Package’.
These developments are critically reviewed in the 19th edition of this edited volume, looking at both their positive and negative outcomes as well as their potential to serve as steps towards a fully-fledged ‘European Social Union’ (ESU). But will the EPSR, despite recent progress in the prevention of cancers, also leave its stamp on occupational health and safety, a field in which workers’ interests continue to be largely subordinate to business interests? And will the Pillar be able to steer the direction of Member States’ policies and, ultimately, the EU’s macroeconomic policies?
In a world characterised by changes in the very substance of work, to a large extent dictated by new IT-governed processes, this volume also looks at social policy in the growing set of EU-promoted initiatives in the field of self-employment, providing refreshing in-depth reflections on the many facets of self-employment and social protection, whether positive or negative.
But this review of the EU’s ‘high-level’ politics and ‘day-to-day’ social policymaking presents not just the state of play. It also looks at what is already on the horizon, questioning the very sustainability of social policy and programmes in the face of environmental problems and forcing us to reflect on alternative approaches such as degrowth and ‘sustainable welfare’. It is becoming increasingly evident that eco-social policies need urgently to be put on the agenda – but at whose expense?
