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Polyphenolic compounds induced mitochondrial membrane potential stability. Cells were treated with various concentrations of polyphenolic compounds (0‑1,200 µg/ml) for 24 h. (A) The cells were stained with the carbocyanine dye DiOC 6 and flow cytometry was performed to determine the MMP stability. (B) Fluorescence light was detected by flow cytometry and expressed as a bar graph. The data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation of triplicate independent experiments. * P<0.05 compared with the control. MMP, mitochondrial membrane potential.
Source publication
Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica T.) has historically been used in Korean herbal medicine due to its anticancer and protective effects on the respiratory system. In the present study, the polyphenolic compounds in L. japonica T. were investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and its antica...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... effect of polyphenolic compounds on the mitochondrial stability of A549 cells. To further investigate the features of polyphenolic compound-induced apoptosis in A549 cells, the MMP of the A549 cells was detected. Fig. 4A and B demonstrates that 1,200 µg/ml of the polyphenolic compounds induced significant mitochondrial disruption in 18.4% of the cells following a 24 h incubation compared with the control (P<0.0001). The results suggest that the polyphenolic compounds disrupt the MMP, which then triggers the activa- tion and cleavage of certain caspases ...
Citations
... The anticancer activities were performed through the induction of apoptosis and against H2O2-induced injury in cells (p < 0.001). [29][30][31] These results indicated that the components in LLJ could be served as functional food for anti-cancer activity. The nanonization of LLJ, as proved in the present study, thus further enhances the anticancer activity, and it provides better chances for clinical trials. ...
Background
The leaves of L. japonica (LLJ) are widely used as medicine in China. It is rich in caffeoylquinic acids, flavonoids and iridoid glycosides and has strong reducing capacities. Therefore, it can be used as a green material to synthesize silver nanoparticles.
Methods
LLJ was used as a reducing agent to produce the LLJ-mediated silver nanoparticles (LLJ-AgNPs). The structure and physicochemical properties of LLJ-AgNPs were characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Antioxidant activity of LLJ-AgNPs was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging. Antibacterial activity was determined by 96 well plates (AGAR) gradient dilution, while the anticancer potential was determined by MTT assay.
Results
The results showed LLJ-AgNPs had a spherical structure with the maximum UV-Vis absorption at 400 nm. In addition, LLJ-AgNPs exhibited excellent antioxidant properties, where the free radical scavenging rate of LLJ-AgNPs was increased from 39% to 92% at concentrations from 0.25 to 1.0 mg/mL. Moreover, LLJ-AgNPs displayed excellent antibacterial properties against E. coli and Salmonella at room temperature, with minimum inhibitory values of 10⁻⁶ and 10⁻⁵ g/L, respectively. In addition, the synthetic LLJ-AgNPs exhibited a better inhibition effect in the proliferation of cancer cells (HepG2, MDA-MB −231, and Hela cells).
Conclusion
The present study provides a green approach to synthesize LLJ-AgNPs. All those findings illustrated that the produced LLJ-AgNPs can be used as an economical and efficient functional material for further applications in food and pharmaceutical fields.
... Among them, the PI3K/Akt pathway is an important signal pathway to promote neuronal survival. Studies have shown that it can affect cell survival by inhibiting the expression of proapoptotic protein and inducing the expression of antiapoptotic protein of Bcl-2 family [28][29][30]. ...
Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new pharmaceutical compound esterified by aspirin and eugenol, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. This study is aimed at identifying the protective effect of AEE against H2O2-induced apoptosis in rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and the possible mechanisms. The results of cell viability assay showed that AEE could increase the viability of PC12 cells stimulated by H2O2, while AEE alone had no significant effect on the viability of PC12 cells. Compared with the control group, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were significantly decreased, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly increased in the H2O2 group. By AEE pretreatment, the level of MDA was reduced and the levels of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px were increased in H2O2-stimulated PC12 cells. In addition, AEE could reduce the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by H2O2 via reducing superoxide anion, intracellular ROS, and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and increasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Furthermore, the results of western blotting showed that compared with the control group, the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, while the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax was significantly increased in the H2O2 group. In the AEE group, AEE pretreatment could upregulate the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 and downregulate the expression of Caspase-3 and Bax in PC12 cells stimulated with H2O2. The silencing of PI3K with shRNA and its inhibitor-LY294002 could abrogate the protective effect of AEE in PC12 cells. Therefore, AEE has a protective effect on H2O2-induced PC12 cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.
... 11,13 Polyphenolic compounds and derivatives exhibit anticancer properties that are being explored for treatment applications. 14,15 Tannic acid (TA) is a form of tannin, which is a polyphenol that has an affinity to bind to proteins and exhibits anticancer activity. 16 TA has been found to selectively induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells while still promoting tissue regeneration. ...
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide. Surgical removal of tumors is often necessary and many patients suffer complications due to subsequent breast reconstruction. A safe and effective breast reconstructive material is needed for patients recovering from surgical removal of small breast cancer tumors. Our lab has developed injectable collagen/tannic acid beads seeded with patient-derived preadipocytes for regeneration of healthy breast tissue in patients post-lumpectomy. Previous research indicates that the inclusion of tannic acid in the matrix imparts an anticancer property. This research seeks to determine the variables needed to control collagen/tannic acid bead diameter and seeded cell attachment, which are essential to proper bead implantation and function. We found that as tannic acid concentration increases within the beads, cell attachment decreases. Bead diameter is controlled by bead generator voltage, solution osmolality, the degree of cell attachment, and tannic acid concentrations. Higher voltages resulted in significant decrease in bead diameter. Collagen/tannic acid beads decreased in diameter when placed in solutions of increasing osmolality. Higher degrees of cell attachment across the surface of the beads were associated with a significant decrease in diameter. In beads made with high concentrations of tannic acid, bead diameter was found to decrease. Collagen/TA beads are a promising subdermal tissue regenerative matrix with anticancer activity as an alternative to simple lipofilling in breast reconstructive procedures. This study was conducted to better understand the properties of collagen/TA beads in order to improve injection efficacy and tissue regenerative activity.
... Link [Cm]) that possess anticancer properties. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] FDY003 inhibits cancer cell proliferation and survival and induces apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. 21 FDY003 exerts therapeutic effects by modulating the activities of key regulators in the apoptotic signaling pathway, such as Bcl-2associated X protein (Bax) and caspase-3, in colorectal cancer cells. ...
Increasing data support that herbal medicines are beneficial in the treatment of cervical cancer; however, their mechanisms of action remain to be elucidated. In the current study, we used a systems pharmacology approach to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of FDY003, an anticancer herbal formula comprising Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Artemisia capillaris Thunberg, and Cordyceps militaris (Linn.) Link, in the treatment of cervical cancer. Through the pharmacokinetic assessment of absorption-distribution-metabolism-excretion characteristics, we found 18 active compounds that might interact with 106 cervical cancer-related targets responsible for the pharmacological effects. FDY003 targets were significantly associated with gene ontology terms related to the regulation of cellular behaviors, including cell proliferation, cell cycle processes, cell migration, cell apoptosis, cell death, and angiogenesis. The therapeutic targets of the herbal drug were further enriched in various oncogenic pathways that are implicated in the tumorigenesis and progression of cervical cancer, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, focal adhesion, human papillomavirus infection, and tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways. Our study provides a systematic approach to explore the anticancer properties of herbal medicines against cervical cancer.
... L. japonica is incorporated within approximately 1/3 of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, and is also widely used in health care products, cosmetics, foods, and more [1]. The dry buds or open flowers constitute the medicinal components of Chinese medicinal L. japonica, which are used for the prevention and treatment of severe acute respiratory syndromes, H1N1 influenza, and hand-foot-and-mouth disease [2]. Pharmacological studies have also demonstrated that L. japonica flowers possess antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative and antiviral properties, as well as various other pharmacological effects [3][4][5][6]. ...
Background:
Lonicera japonica Thunb. (L. japonica) has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxifying, broad-spectrum antibacterial and anti-virus, etc. More than 70% of anti-inflammatory and cold Chinese patent medicines contain L. japonica. Trichomes comprise specialized multicellular structures that have the capacity to synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. The extraction of trichome secretions has great commercial value. However, little is known about the trichome formation mechanism in L. japonica. Therefore, the study of trichome development between different varieties provides a basis for selecting suitable planting resources.
Results:
Here, we present a genome-wide comparative transcriptome analysis between two L. japonica cultivars, toward the identification of biological processes and functional gene activities that occur during flowering stage trichome development. In this study, the density and average lengths of flower trichomes were at their highest during three-green periods (S2). Using the Illumina RNA-Seq method, we obtained 134,304 unigenes, 33,733 of which were differentially expressed. In an analysis of 40 differentially expressed unigenes (DEGs) involved in trichome development, 29 of these were transcription factors. The DEGs analysis of plant hormone signal transduction indicated that plant growth and development may be independent of gibberellin (GA) and cytokinine (CTK) signaling pathways, and plant stress may be independent of jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene (ET) signaling pathways. We screened several genes involved in the floral biosynthesis of odors, tastes, colors, and plant hormones, and proposed biosynthetic pathways for sesquiterpenoid, triterpenoid, monoterpenoid, flavonoid, and plant hormones. Furthermore, 82 DEGs were assigned to cell cycles and 2616 were predicted as plant resistance genes (PRGs).
Conclusions:
This study provides a comprehensive characterization of the expression profiles of flower development during the seven developmental stages of L. japonica, thereby offering valuable insights into the molecular networks that underly flower development in L. japonica.
... 49 This plant has been used in herbal medicine due to its anticancer effects on the respiratory system. 50 Moreover, isolation of this bacterium from Ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer), a well-known anticancer medicinal plant, has been reported. 51 Three-gram negative selected bacteria were from Azrhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Herbaspirillum genera ( Table 1). ...
It is generally accepted that L‐asparagine is an important amino acid required for the fast growth of cells. Cancerous cells receive this amino acid from extracellular sources. The depletion of L‐asparagine from its surrounding environments by asparaginase enzyme can be used as a therapeutic strategy in cancer patients. This therapeutic enzyme is produced commercially mainly from bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi. The side effects of such drugs have persuaded scientists to find new enzyme sources. In this study, in silico approach was applied to investigate L‐asparaginase producing endophytic bacteria that produce more compatible enzymes within the body. Protein–protein basic local alignment search tool with E. coli and E. chrysanthemi asparaginase enzyme sequences against 262 endophytic bacteria were performed. The results with identity more than 35%, coverage more than 80%, and E‐value less than 10−4 were selected. Then, some of bioinformatics tools were used to characterize them. A total of nine sequences consisting of seven known and two hypothetical proteins were identified in six bacterial species. The results showed that some of the asparaginase enzymes produced by endophytic bacteria possess more suitable immunological indices compared with asparaginase enzymes of E. coli and E. chrysanthemi. Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans was predicted to produce a nonallergen and nonantigen asparaginase enzyme. The number of antigenic determinants was predicted to be lower in asparaginase enzymes produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, H. rubrisubalbicans, and H. seropedicae. Moreover, the number of high‐scored B‐cell epitopes was lower in enzyme sequences related to the mentioned bacteria and Paenibacillus polymyxa. The number of discontinuous epitopes and the number of T‐cell epitopes were lower in B. amyloliquefaciens produced enzymes. Therefore, the therapeutic use of these enzymes is possible.
... 49 This plant has been used in herbal medicine due to its anticancer effects on the respiratory system. 50 Moreover, isolation of this bacterium from Ginseng (Panax ginseng CA Meyer), a well-known anticancer medicinal plant, has been reported. 51 Three-gram negative selected bacteria were from Azrhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, and Herbaspirillum genera ( Table 1). ...
Acinetobacter baumannii is known as a Gram-negative bacterium that has become one of the most important health problems due to antibiotic resistance. Today, numerous efforts are being made to find new antibiotics against this nosocomial pathogen. As an alternative solution, finding bacterial target(s), necessary for survival and spread of most resistant strains, can be a benefit exploited in drug and vaccine design. In this study, a list of extensive drug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant (multidrug resistant) A. bumannii strains with complete sequencing of genome were prepared and common hypothetical proteins (HPs) composed of more than 200 amino acids were selected. Then, a number of bioinformatics tools were combined for functional assignments of HPs using their sequence. Overall, among 18 in silico investigated proteins, the results showed that 7 proteins implicated in transcriptional regulation, pilus assembly, protein catabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, adhesion, urea catalysis, and hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters have theoretical potential of involvement in successful survival and pathogenesis of A. baumannii. In addition, immunological analyses with prediction softwares indicated 4 HPs to be probable vaccine candidates. The outcome of this work will be helpful to find novel vaccine design candidates and therapeutic targets for A. baumannii through experimental investigations.
... LJF is originated from the dried buds and flowers, while LJC is derived from the dried stems. They are commonly referred to as "jin-yin-hua" and "ren-dong-teng" respectively, as independent Chinese material medica in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition, Volume I) and possess various pharmacological actions, such as anti-inflammatory [1][2][3][4], anti-oxidant [5], hepatoprotective [6], anti-bacterial [7], anti-viral [8], anti-tumor [9], immunity enhancement [10] and other biological activities. ...
Lonicerae japonicae flos (LJF) and Lonicerae japonicae caulis (LJC) are derived from different parts of Lonicera japonica Thunb. (Caprifoliaceae), and have been used as herbal remedies to treat various diseases for thousands of years with confirmed curative effects. However, little attention has been paid to illustrating the differences in efficacy from the perspective of phytochemistry. In the present study, a simultaneous determination of 47 bioactive constituents, including 12 organic acids, 12 flavonoids, six iridoids, 13 amino acids and four nucleosides in 44 batches of LJF and LJC samples from different habitats and commercial herbs was established based on ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UFLC-QTRAP-MS/MS). Moreover, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and t-test were then performed to classify and reveal the differential compositions of LJF and LJC according to the content of the tested constituents. The results demonstrated that the types and contents of chemical components (e.g., isochlorogenic acid A, chlorogenic acid, neochlorogenic acid, quinic acid, secologanic acid, luteoloside, loganin, secoxyloganin, morroniside and L-isoleucine) were significantly different, which may lead to the classification and the differences in efficacy of LJF and LJC. Our findings not only provide a basis for the comprehensive evaluation and intrinsic quality control of LJF and LJC, but also pave the way for discovering the material basis contributing to the different properties and efficacies of the two medicinal materials at the phytochemical level.
... Caspase-3 is one of the most important proteases in the cascade of reactions, and it has been recognized as a target in the design of cancer therapeutics [27]. PARP is a substrate for caspase-3 and regulates various cellular processes, including DNA repair and apoptosis [28]. P53 is one of the most important proteins involved in the mitochondria pathway; it can regulate Bad and Bcl-2, ultimately inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis [29]. ...
Background
Quinalizarin (1,2,5,8-tetrahydroxyanthraquinone) exhibits potentially useful anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis in several types of cancer, but its underlying mechanism of action remains unknown. The present study examined the effects of quinalizarin on the induction of cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), other underlying mechanisms, and its role in modifying colorectal cancer cell lines.
Material/Methods
The MTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of SW480 and HCT-116 cells that had been treated with quinalizarin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to investigate the mitochondrial pathway; Akt, MAPK, and STAT3 signaling pathways were also investigated. The relationship between ROS generation and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and western blotting.
Results
The results indicated that quinalizarin significantly inhibits the viability of SW480 and HCT-116 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Quinalizarin induced SW480 cell cycle arrest at G2/M by regulating cyclin B1 and CDK1/2. The apoptosis-related protein expression levels of p-p53, Bad, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved PARP and p-JNK were increased in quinalizarin-treated cells, while protein expression levels Bcl-2, p-Akt, p-ERK, and p-STAT3 were decreased. Quinalizarin induced apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells by regulating MAPK and STAT3 signaling pathways via ROS generation.
Conclusions
Quinalizarin induces apoptosis via ROS-mediated MAPK/STAT3 signaling pathways.
... Previous studies found that major functional compositions of L. japonica include phenolics, essential oils, triterpenoid saponins, iridoids, and organic acids, among more than 150 isolated chemical compounds [5]. Therein, phenolics such as luteolin, caffeic acid, caffeoylquinic acid isomers, and dicaffeoylquinic acid isomers were believed to be the major active ingredients of L. japonica, possessing outstanding pharmacological effects such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-encystment, anti-amoebicidal, and anticancer activities [5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Pharmacological studies revealed that phenolics can donate hydrogens or electrons to scavenge a number of radicals (such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, and the 2,2 -azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation) particularly associated with a couple of diseases including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease [12][13][14]. ...
Acer truncatum leaves (ATL) have long been used in China as a substitutional tea with health benefits. However, little is known about the antioxidant capacities as well as its bioactive components. The present study was to investigate constitutive phenolic compositions and evaluate antioxidant activities of ATL through its whole growing season. The results showed that all seasonal ATL samples contained remarkable phenols, tannins and flavonoids, and exhibited high antioxidant capacities. Constitutive levels of total phenols, tannins and flavonoids, and three individual phenolic compounds, namely 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG), methyl gallate (MG), and quercetin-3-O-l-rhamnoside (QR), and DPPH• and ABTS⁺• scavenging capacities were all significantly higher in both the beginning (S4) and ending (S11) months than those in the middle months (S5-S10), resulting in a consistent seasonal saddle-shaped pattern. Since S4 and S11 showed significant differences in oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) values but not in total flavonoids, and there was no significant correlation between ORAC and total flavonoids, it can be inferred that total flavonoids contributed less to the ORAC values than total phenols and tannins did. Correlation analyses further revealed that total phenols, tannins and flavonoids were the main contributors to antioxidant ability, and PGG, MG and QR were found to be the key components of phenols (including tannins and flavonoids) in ATL. Gallic acid was first discovered in ATL, and high levels of PGG and QR (both higher than 1g/100g d.w. in April) were corroborated through HPLC analysis. Impressive antioxidant abilities of S4 and S11 were further demonstrated by cellular antioxidant assay, and flavonoids showed stronger antioxidant capacity in the cellular level than other phenolic compositions. In conclusion, seasonal dynamics of constitutive levels of phenolic components lead to alterations of antioxidant capacities in ATL, and November and April were the ideal harvesting time with highest levels of phenols and antioxidant capacity.
