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5: Polymerase Chain Reaction. A PCR reaction consists of three phases: 1) denaturation, during which ssDNA template strands are obtained; 2) annealing, during which primers anneal to their complementary region on the template; and 3) elongation, during which the nucleotides are incorporated by the DNA polymerase. The obtained amplicons serve as a template in subsequent cycles, resulting in exponential amplification.
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This systematic review describes and discusses three commercially available integrated systems for forensic DNA analysis, i.e., ParaDNA, RapidHIT, and ANDE. A variety of aspects, such as performance, time-to-result, ease-of-use, portability, and costs (per analysis run) of these three (modified) rapid DNA analysis systems, are considered. Despite t...
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Background:
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Zusammenfassung
Die biostatistische Bewertung DNA-analytischer Befunde unterstützt Gerichte bei der Einschätzung des Beweiswertes einer Spur. In der Praxis werden dabei zunehmend Spuren mit minimaler DNA-Menge und möglichen „Drop-in“- und „Drop-out“-Ereignissen sowie komplexe Mischspuren analysiert. Solche Spuren sind mit einer klassischen „binären...
Citations
... • PCR inhibitors are chemical or physical obstacles that block amplification and, as such, ultimately fail the PCR reaction. • 'Rapid DNA analysis' is defined as using a rapid DNA instrument without human intervention, whereas 'modified rapid DNA analysis' is defined as using a rapid DNA instrument in combination with human interpretation of the DNA analyses results [2,[29][30][31]. • Rapid DNA systems are fully integrated platforms that can generate STR profiles from (reference) samples within two hours [32]. ...
... It must be noted that the mentioned times are only an indication (and are the minimum required for each step) because the exact time depends on, e.g., the type of sample (teeth and bone require longer extraction times) and laboratory protocols. When DNA quantification is included, another two hours of thermal cycling is needed, thus leading to a time-to-result in the range of 3.5 to 5.5 h or even more [30,35]. A fully integrated system to perform forensic DNA analysis at the crime scene can save both time and costs [34,36]. ...
... The ANDE 6C system uses a Bode SecureSwab2 with an integrated RFID chip for sample tracking in the swab cap and is able to analyze 27 loci [80]. The ANDE 6C received NDIS approval in 2018 [30]. In addition to DVI, trafficking in persons is also a situation in which rapid DNA results are crucial. ...
This systematic review describes and discusses three commercially available integrated systems for forensic DNA analysis, i.e., ParaDNA, RapidHIT, and ANDE. A variety of aspects, such as performance, time-to-result, ease-of-use, portability, and costs (per analysis run) of these three (modified) rapid DNA analysis systems, are considered. Despite their advantages and developmental progress, major steps still have to be made before rapid systems can be broadly applied at crime scenes for full DNA profiling. Aspects in particular that need (further) improvement are portability, performance, the possibility to analyze a (wider) variety of (complex) forensic samples, and (cartridge) costs. Moreover, steps forward regarding ease-of-use and time-to-result will benefit the broader use of commercial rapid DNA systems. In fact, it would be a profit if rapid DNA systems could be used for full DNA profile generation as well as indicative analyses that can give direction to forensic investigators which will speed up investigations.
