Figure 4 - uploaded by seyed akbar Khodaparast
Content may be subject to copyright.
Polychaeton tenellum; Pycnidium, scale bar = 50µm (A), Terminal part of pycnidium and conidia, scale bar =10 μm (B).
Source publication
Sooty molds are a group of fungi with dark-coloured hyphae, which grow saprophytically on various living plant organs and sometimes on non-living substrates and produce brown to black superficial colonies, black pellicles or pseudoparenchymatous crust. In north of Iran including Guilan and Mazandaran provinces, sooty molds are common on living leav...
Similar publications
In this paper, an effective framework is proposed to classify four types of citrus leaf diseases out of healthy leaves through leaf features inspection. Four considered citrus leaf diseases are canker, sooty mold, greening and leaf-miner. Our framework consists of three main stages of pre-processing, feature extraction and classification. Since ima...
Citations
... However, some investigations and new approaches to solve taxonomic problems of these fungi have recently been done by some researcher (Cheewangkoon et al. 2009;Chomnunti et al. 2011Chomnunti et al. , 2012Chomnunti et al. , 2014Bose et al. 2014;Yang et al. 2014). In north of Iran including Guilan, Gorgan and Mazandaran provinces, sooty moulds are common on living leaves of a great variety of plants (Khodaparast 1986, Byrami et al. 2013. According to previous studies about 15 species have been reported from Iran. ...
Sooty mold fungi are often associated with honeydew which insects secrete while feeding on the plant. A great variety of these fungi occur in the North of Iran, especially on Citrus spp which is one of the most widely cultivated fruit trees in this region. During last 10 years, several collections of these fungi examined and 15 species have been recorded. In this paper seven previously unreported species are treated and described for the first time from Iran. The treated species include Catenuloxyphium heterosporum (on Salix aegiptiaca and Alnus glutinosa); Echinothecium sp. (on Eriobotrya japonica and Passiflora sp.); cf. Denisiella sp. (On Citrus sinensis and Malus pumila); Fumagospora capnodioides (on Alnus glutinosa, Populus deltoids, Salix aegyptiaca and Zelkova carpinifolia); Leptoxyphium fumago (on Alnus glutinosa, Rubus sp. and Phytolacca americana); Tripospermum juglandis (on Ligustrum sp.) and Scorias spongiosa (on Citrus sinensis).
Abstract: This study was conducted during the season 2017-2018 to identification sooty mold disease on planted trees and shrubs in University peripheryi.e. Olive, fig, oleander, almond, carob, rosemary, tuart, rose, aloe, conocarpus and other weeds. All samples were collected and checked for disease and insects incidence. The fungal was isolated on PSA medium, and identification depended on cultural and morphological characters, then it was tested on plant tissue infection. The results indicated that the disease incidence with suckers insects on fig, olive and oleander, also disease without insects was recorded on aloe and weeds. While, plants remainder were negative infection. The highest infection (75.5%, 69%) was recorded on Olive trees following by Oleander then Fig trees respectively. Isolation results showed to finding out Alternariaalternata on leaves, meanwhile, symptoms of pathogenicity test was negative on host leaves. Key words: Sooty mold disease, Alternaria alternata, Trees, Libya.
أُجريت الدراسة خلال الموسم 2017-2018 بهدف تعريف مُسبب مرض العفن السُخامي على أوراق بعض النباتات في محيط الجامعة شملت التين، الزيتون والدفلة، اللوز، الخروب، الكافور، الإكليل، الصبار النجمي، الورد البلدي، البزرومية ونباتات أخرى، حيث جرت زيارات أسبوعية لجمع العينات الورقية، وفحصها لمُلاحظة وجود المرض والحشرات المُرافقة، كما تم عزل مُسبب المرض على الوسط الغذائي آجار البطاطس والسكروز Potato sucrose Agar (PSA)، وتعريفه بناءً على صفاته المزرعية، والشكلية، واختبار قُدرته على إصابة النسيج النباتي. أثبتت الدراسة وجود المرض على أشجار الزيتون والتين والدفلة مرافقاً لوجود الحشرات الماصة، في حين خلت بقية النباتات من الإصابة عدا الصبار النجمي، وبعض الحشائش. كانت أعلى نسبة وشدة إصابة بالمرض (75.5% و69%) سُجلت على أشجار الزيتون يليها الدفلة ثم التين. نتائج العزل أثبتت تسجيل الفطر Alternaria alternata على الأوراق، فيما برهنت نتائج اختبار القدرة على إصابة نسيج النبات عدم ظهور أي أعراض مرضية على الأوراق المعداة اصطناعياً.
Taxonomically sooty mould fungi belong to different families and even orders and classes; however, the name sooty mould
mostly was associated with the Capnodiaceae. Taxonomy of the capnodiaceous fungi is very complicated and needs more
studies. In northern Iran, most of the sooty mould infections are caused by anamorphic Capnodiaceae. During this study, we
isolated several sooty mould fungi and obtained 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA), internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA
and TEF1-a sequences and completed a phylogenetic analysis for better understanding of the relationships of genera in
Capnodiaceae. In this study, 73 distinct isolates exhibiting characteristic capnodiaceous species morphology were obtained.
After morphological examination, 25 isolates representing all cultured species were subjected for sequencing. All analyses
commonly resolve five clades for Iranian collections. In TEF1-a phylogenetic tree, all sequences for sooty mould fungi are
newly published and there are no records in genetic databases. Conidiocarpus guilanensis is described as a new species.
Phylogenetic and taxonomic position of Antennariella, Chaetocapnodium and Chaetasbolisia is discussed. We propose the
name Fumagospora G. Arnaud to be chosen for a Capnodium sensu Hughes/Fumagospora-associated species
Sooty moulds are a remarkable, but poorly understood group of fungi. They coat fruits and leaves superficially with black mycelia, which reduces photosynthesis rates of host plants. Few researchers have, however, tried to quantify their economic importance. Sooty moulds have been well-studied at the morphological level, but they are poorly represented in a natural classification based on phylogeny. Representatives are presently known in Antennulariellaceae, Capnodiaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Coccodiniaceae, Euantennariaceae, Metacapnodiaceae and Trichomeriaceae and several miscellaneous genera. However, molecular data is available for only five families. Most sooty mould colonies comprise numerous species and thus it is hard to confirm relationships between genera or sexual and asexual states. Future studies need to obtain single spore isolates of species to test their phylogenetic affinities and linkages between morphs. Next generation sequencing has shown sooty mould colonies to contain many more fungal species than expected, but it is not clear which species are dominant or active in the communities. They are more common in tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions and thus their prevalence in temperate regions is likely to increase with global warming. Sooty moulds are rarely parasitized by fungicolous taxa and these may have biocontrol potential. They apparently grow in extreme environments and may be xerophilic. This needs testing as xerophilic taxa may be of interest for industrial applications. Sooty moulds grow on sugars and appear to out-compete typical “weed” fungi and bacteria. They may produce antibiotics for this purpose and their biochemical potential for obtaining novel bioactive compounds for medical application is underexplored.
