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Podospora curvuloides. a. Habit sketch of perithecium showing details of neck cells and agglutinated hairs (arrows). b. Three ascospores, left ascospore showing nucleus and ascospore wall in optical section, middle ascospore showing surface striations, pedicel and caudae, right ascospore with germination vesicle and germ hyphae. c. Asci. d. Jacket paraphyses. Scale = 0.5 mm for (a), 25 gm for (b), 15 ,im for (c) and (d). dung (Lepus europeus), as Schizothecium rimosum Lundq., 8 Mar. 1980, Tibell 11285-q (UPS); Mt. Field Natl. Park, 0.5 km SE of Lake Dobson, 42?41'S, 146?36'E, alt. ca 1000 m, on wombat droppings (Vombatus ursinus), as Schizothecium rimosum Lundq., 6 Mar. 1981, Tibell 11194-f (UPS); same locality, W. shore of Lake Dobson, alt. 1040 m, on wombat droppings, as Schizothecium n. sp. Lundq., 5 Mar. 1981, Tibell 11045-d (UPS, WELTU 560). BRAZIL. RIO GRANDE DO SUL: Sao Leopoldo, on cow dung, as Podospora curvuloides Cain, 11 Mar. 1936 (date collected by Alfons Theobald), 25 Feb. 1938 (date dung incubated) (TYPE, TRTC 35446). KENYA. Mt. Kenya, Timau Track, elev. 11 000 ft., 0?O'S, 37?19'E, on cow dung, as Podospora curvuloides Cain, 14 Jul. 1966, Cain, Griffin and Krug 66.64 Iq (TRTC); Mt. Londiani Forest, on cow dung, as Schizothecium curvuloides (Cain) Lundq., 20
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New Zealand coprophilous Podospora species with swollen agglutinated perithecial hairs include P. aloides, P. conica, P. curvuloides, P. dakotensis, P. glutinans, P. miniglutinans, P. tetraspora and P. vesticola. Reasons are given for retaining these species in the genus Podospora rather than in the genus Schizothecium. Species are distinguished by...
Citations
... Of the fungal indicators that preferred N fertilization, Podospora includes known coprophilous fungi that are associated with animal dung [122] and endophytes of plant barks and shoots [123]. Sporobolomyces is a known yeast genus common in agricultural soil and on the phyllosphere of crops, which may explain its positive response to the treatment with the highest N rate, which typically leads to a higher crop yield [124]. ...
Cover cropping (CC) is the most promising in-field practice to improve soil health and mitigate N losses from fertilizer use. Although the soil microbiota play essential roles in soil health, their response to CC has not been well characterized by bioindicators of high taxonomic resolution within typical agricultural systems. Our objective was to fill this knowledge gap with genus-level indicators for corn [Zea mays L.] monocultures with three N fertilizer rates (N0, N202, N269; kg N ha−1), after introducing a CC mixture of cereal rye [Secale cereale L.] and hairy vetch [Vicia villosa Roth.], using winter fallows (BF) as controls. A 3 × 2 split-plot arrangement of N rates and CC treatments was studied in a randomized complete block design with three replicates over two years. Bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA and fungal ITS regions were sequenced with Illumina MiSeq system. Overall, our high-resolution bioindicators were able to represent specific functional or ecological shifts within the microbial community. The abundances of indicators representing acidophiles, nitrifiers, and denitrifiers increased with N fertilization, while those of heterotrophic nitrifiers, nitrite oxidizers, and complete denitrifiers increased with N0. Introducing CC decreased soil nitrate levels by up to 50% across N rates, and CC biomass increased by 73% with N fertilization. CC promoted indicators of diverse functions and niches, including N-fixers, nitrite reducers, and mycorrhizae, while only two N-cycling genera were associated with BF. Thus, CC can enhance the soil biodiversity of simplified cropping systems and reduce nitrate leaching, but might increase the risk of nitrous oxide emission without proper nutrient management. This primary information is the first of its kind in this system and provided valuable insights into the limits and potential of CC as a strategy to improve soil health.
... Since there are no monographs on coprophilic fungi, therefore, respective literature (monographs and publications) of particular groups help in the identifi cation of fungi observed on dung (Sanwal, 1953a,b;Denison, 1964;Arx and Muller, 1975;Dennis, 1954Dennis, , 1968aDennis, ,b, 1978Fennell and Raper, 1955;Ames, 1961Ames, , 1963Lodha, 1962Lodha, , 1964Lodha, , 1971Batra and Batra, 1963;Lodha, 1964, 1968;Ellis, 1966Ellis, , 1971Ellis, , 1976Ellis, , 1988Narendra, 1973a,b;Arx, 1973Arx, , 1981Hanlin, 1973Hanlin, , 1997Hanlin, , 1998Narendra and Rao, 1976;Raper and Fennel, 1977;Subramanian and Chandrashekara, 1977;Samson, 1979;Kaushal and Thind, 1983;Seifert et al., 1983;Bell, 1983Bell, , 2005Arx et al., 1984Arx et al., , 1986Kaushal et al., 1985;Klich and Pitt, 1985;Ellis and Ellis, 1988a,b;Klich, 1993Klich, , 2002aArora, 1999;Kiffer and Morelet, 2000;Webster and Weber, 2000 Udagawa and Takada, 1971;Larsen, 1971;Furuya and Udagawa, 1972Richardson, 1972Richardson, , 1998aRichardson, ,b, 1999Richardson, , 2000Yang, 1972;Lundqvist and Fakirova, 1973;Saniel and Alma, 1974;Bell, 1983Bell, , 2005Dickinson and Underhay, 1977;Jeng and Krug, 1977;Liou and Chen, 1977;Aas, 1978;Nagy and Harrower, 1979;Udagawa and Muroi, 1979;Piontelli et al., 1981;Booth, 1982;Muroi and Udagawa, 1984;Barrasa et al., 1985;Cribb, 1988Cribb, , 1989Cribb, , 1991Cribb, , 1992Cribb, , 1994Cribb, , 1996aCribb, ,b, 1997Cribb, , 1998Cribb, , 1999aDissing, 1989Dissing, , 1992Lorenzo, 1989Lorenzo, , 1992Eberson andEicker, 1992, 1997;Wang, 1993Wang, , 1995Wang, , 1996Wang, , 1999Prokhorov, 1994;Bell and Mahoney, 1995;Krug and Jeng, 1995;Webster, 1997, 1998;Richardson, 1998;Spooner and Butterfi ll, 1999;Barr, 2000;Krug et al., 2004). After the year 2000, a number of papers have appeared that describe the fungal diversity of dung fungi from different part of the world. ...
... Trametes versicolor encoding the lignin peroxidase isozyme LP7. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta -Gene Structure andExpression 1263, 71-74. Johnston, L. H. &Johnson, A. L. (1995). ...
... Conidial shape and size of the new taxon are also similar to those of R. vesiculosa. However the latter fungus possesses typically wider conidiophore apices (vesicles 3.5–6.5 mm wide), has Bell and Mahoney 1995; Lundqvist et al. 1999; Gams 2000; Huhndorf 2001, 2004; Miller et al. 2007). A recently described ascomycete, Jattaea prunicola Damm & Crous (Calosphaeriales ), has a phialidic anamorph with discrete and integrated phialides, and branched conidiophores that often end in sterile inflated cells. ...
... comm., 2009) the fruit bodies and spores fit nicely into the coprophilous P. conica (syn. Schizothecium conica; compare Bell and Mahoney, 1995). We should be aware of the fact that the percentage values in pollen slides of spores coming from fruit bodies strongly depend on the roughness of the treatment during the first stage of the sample preparation. ...
Dung from a mammoth was preserved under frozen conditions in Alaska. The mammoth lived during the early part of the Late Glacial interstadial (ca 12,300 BP). Microfossils, macroremains and ancient DNA from the dung were studied and the chemical composition was determined to reconstruct both the paleoenvironment and paleobiology of this mammoth. Pollen spectra are dominated by Poaceae, Artemisia and other light-demanding taxa, indicating an open, treeless landscape (‘mammoth steppe’). Fruits and seeds support this conclusion. The dung consists mainly of cyperaceous stems and leaves, with a minor component of vegetative remains of Poaceae. Analyses of fragments of the plastid rbcL gene and trnL intron and nrITS1 region, amplified from DNA extracted from the dung, supplemented the microscopic identifications. Many fruit bodies with ascospores of the coprophilous fungus Podospora conica were found inside the dung ball, indicating that the mammoth had eaten dung. The absence of bile acids points to mammoth dung. This is the second time that evidence for coprophagy of mammoths has been derived from the presence of fruit bodies of coprophilous fungi in frozen dung. Coprophagy might well have been a common habit of mammoths. Therefore, we strongly recommend that particular attention should be given to fungal remains in future fossil dung studies.
... & de Not. species produce Phialophora-like asexual states with conidia similar to those of Ramophialophora, but these anamorphs have undifferentiated or poorly differentiated conidiophores (Mirza and Cain 1969;Lundqvist 1972;Gams and Holubová-Jechová 1976;Udagawa and Muroi 1979;Bell and Mahoney 1995;Lundqvist et al. 1999;Gams 2000;Huhndorf 2001, 2004;Miller et al. 2007). A recently described ascomycete, Jattaea prunicola Damm & Crous (Calosphaeriales), has a phialidic anamorph with discrete and integrated phialides, and branched conidiophores that often end in sterile inflated cells. ...
In a study on soil microfungi from different countries two new hyphomycetes were found. The first one, Ramophialophora humicola, isolated from a soil sample collected in Ronda (Spain), is characterized by producing profusely branched conidiophores ending in sterile, sometimes swollen apices, and subhyaline, dacryoid conidia borne from both integrated and discrete phialides with conspicuous collaretes. ITS sequence data reveal its relationships with members of the Sordariales and its genetic differences with other fungi morphologically close, such as Cladorrhinum spp. The second species, Fibulochlamys chilensis, isolated from a soil sample collected in LaJunta (Chile), is characterized by micronematous, clamped, mostly branched conidiophores producing thallic, one-celled, thick-walled conidia that exhibit strongly wrinkled surfaces in age. The analysis of partial sequences of the ITS region and 28S rRNA gene reveal that this fungus is close to members of the gilled Agaricales.
... Portion of each collection and slide of each species have been deposited at Dohuk Universiy Mycological Herbarium (DUMH). Identification of Podospora and Schizothecium species was according to Abdullah (1987;Bell, 2005;Cai et al.2005 4-Four gelatinous caudae attached to each of dark cell and Pedicel …………………………………...…P.communis 5-Dark cell and pedicel are surrounded by thin gelatinous sheath……………….……..P.globosa 5-Ascospre is not as above ….…………….6 6-Pedicel is slightly swollen in the middle or near the distal end …...P.prethopodiales 6-Pedicel is not as above …………………..…7 7-Pedicel less than 35µm long……….. …… Cesati in Rab. 1856: 429 The genus include those species which have ascospores with base hyaline cell (a pestleshaped ) which remains colorless and devoid contents after maturity and frequently collapse, while the upper cell turns dark olivaceous black. ...
The genera Podospora and Schizothecium have previously been treated as congeneric due to similarities in several morphological characters. Recent studies based on molecular data revealed that the two genera should be considered as distinct. Ten species of Podospora and four species of S chizothecium have been identified from dung samples of herbivore animals collected from different sites in Kurdistan region of Iraq.The identified species include Podospora communis, P.dactylina ,P.dasypogon, P.decipiens, P.euphratica, P.globosa, P.pauciseta, P.pleiospora, P.prethopodiales, P.setosa, Schizothecium conicum S.miniglutinans, S.tetrasporum and S.vesticola. Species of P.dactylina, P.dasypogon, P.pauciseta, P. Pleiospora, Schizothecum conicum and S.tetrasprum are recorded for the first time in Iraq. A brief description along with photographs have been provided for each species.
... The anamorphs linked to the genera of the Lasiosphaeriaceae are phialidic hyphomycetes, belonging to Cladorrhinum (e.g. von Arx and Gams 1967; Bell and Mahoney 1995, 1997; Lodha 1987; Mouchacca and Gams 1993 ...
The phylogenetic analyses of partial nucLSU rDNA sequence data of three Jobellisia species indicate that J. rhynchostoma is distinct from the core species of Jobellisia. Jobellisia luteola, the type species of the genus, and J. fraterna reside as a strongly supported monophyletic clade in a basal position in a grouping containing the Diaporthales, the Calosphaeriales and the Togniniaceae, while all phylogenies confirm the placement of J. rhynchostoma within the Sordariales. The new family Jobellisiaceae (incertae sedis) is described for Jobellisia. A new perithecial ascomycete genus, Bellojisia (Lasiosphaeriaceae, Sordariales), is introduced for J. rhynchostoma. The fungus produces nonstromatic, long-necked perithecia with a superficial to semi-immersed pyriform venter and carbonaceous three-layered perithecial wall, 1-septate, hyaline, later brown, reniform to navicular ascospores with a polar germ pore formed in unitunicate asci. The fungus was not observed to produce a conidial anamorph in vitro. Both morphological and molecular data suggest Corylomyces selenosporus of the Sordariales is the closest relative of J. rhynchostoma. The other relatives of Bellojisia (viz. Cercophora, Lasiosphaeria and Podospora) recruit from the Lasiosphaeriaceae (Sordariales). Cercophora and Podospora are shown as polyphyletic within the Sordariales, which is in agreement with previous molecular studies.
... Spore head 50-58 × 26-30 µm. Pedicel cylindrical, [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] ...
An update of Podospora and Schizothecium is presented, based on recent literature. An overview of the genera, and their subfamily, family and order is given, and a collection of Podospora dasypogon new to Italy is described. The author provides additional records of species of Podospora s.l. described in his previous works, and colour photographs of most taxa recorded from Italy, and a dichotomous key to all Podospora s.str. and Schizothecium species.
... Swollen hairs usually agglutinated at the neck base, although not forming differentiated, triangular scales, usually isolated at the venter, scarcer downward, 16-25 x 8-12 µm, pale brown, one to three-celled, with a darker, conical or subcylindrical upper cell, 8-15 x 2-9 µm. Paraphyses jacket-like (in agreement with Bell & Mahoney, 1995), i.e. placed around the asci, ephemeral, soon reduced to shapeless material, septate, up to 40 µm diam. Asci 400-450 x 38-50 µm, 8-spored, cylindric-clavate, slightly pointed at the apex, without a clear apical apparatus, long-stalked, usually with spores maturing at different times but also with one to four spores not maturing at all. ...
... comm.), rabbit (?), hare, wombat (Bell, 2005), grey kangaroo (Richardson pers. comm.), horse, goat (Bell & Mahoney, 1995), and sheep (Lundqvist, pers. comm.) ...
... Schizothecium has also been regarded distinct from Podospora by Barrasa & Soláns (1989), Eriksson & Hawksworth (1998), Cai et al. (2005), and Eriksson (2005), the latter following the molecular studies of and Huhndorf et al. (2004), adapted to "morphological criteria". A conflicting opinion was expressed by Furuya & Udagawa (1972), Krug & Khan (1989), Bell & Mahoney (1995), followed by Kirk et al. (2001), Doveri (2004), Chang & Wang (2005) who retained Schizothecium as synonym of Podospora. Encouraged, however, by these recent comparative analyses Cai et al., 2005;Miller & Huhndorf, 2005), we now consider Schizothecium Corda emend. ...
The authors, after a briefly commenting on the benefits of Italo-French cooperation for the study of coprophilous fungi, describe Schizothecium curvuloides var. megasporum var. nov. They discuss the main features of the schizothecioid species of Podospora, and explain why they now consider those species to belong in Schizothecium, a genus they now accept to be distinct from Podospora. Podospora vratislaviensis is recombined in Schizothecium as S. vratislaviense comb. nov.
