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Plasmodium berghei blood-stage forms in Geimsa stained smears from mice. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory demonstration of the malaria parasite in the stained smears. Parasitaemia was determined using blood smears stained with Geimsa stain. PRBC were counted in five different fields, each of approximately 200 cells. Results are expressed as the mean percentage of erythrocytes containing Geimsa positive bodies
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial effects of Iranian flora Artemisia khorassanica against Plasmodium bergheiin vivo and pharmacochemistry of its natural components.
The aerial parts of Iranian flora A. khorasanica were collected at flowering stage from Khorassan Province, northeastern Iran in 2008. They were air-dried at room t...
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Abstract
Background: Malaria, a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, continues to be
a major global health concern. The emergence of drug-resistant strains of Plasmodium highlights
the urgent need for new antimalarial agents.
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the antimalarial activity of hydroalcoholic extracts
obtain...
Citations
... Several plants have been reported to possess anti-leishmanial activity, among which are Artemisia species containing chemical components of diverse biological activities from anti-cancer to anti-protozoal effects (Ganguly et al. 2006;Hatimi et al. 2001;Ben Kahla-Nakbi et al. 2010;Kivc¸ak et al. 2009;Kvist et al. 2006;Liu et al. 2020;€ Ozbel and € Ozbilgin 2007;Piao et al. 2012;Zhang et al. 2021). Recent biological studies have reported cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-malarial, and immunomodulatory effects of Artemisia khorassanica (Nahrevanian et al. 2010;Saeidi and Moharramipour 2013;Mahmoudi et al. 2009;Emami et al. 2010;Zamanai Taghizadeh Rabe et al. 2015a;Zamanai Taghizadeh Rabe et al. 2015b). These facts prompted us to investigate the potential anti-leishmanial activity of Seriphidium khorassanicum (syn. ...
Two new eudesmane-type sesquiterpene lactones, 1β,3α,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroeudesma-4(15)-en-12,6α-olide (1) and 1β,4α,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroeudesma-12,6α-olide (2), and an unprecedented elemane-type sesquiterpene lactone, 1β,2β,8α-trihydroxy-11β,13-dihydroelema-12,6α-olide (3) along with a known eudesmanolide artapshin (4) were isolated from Seriphidium khorassanicum. Structures were elucidated by NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and ECD spectral data analysis. The anti-protozoal activity was evaluated against Leishmania major promastigotes and amastigote-infected macrophages. They showed dose- and time-dependent activity against L. major amastigotes with IC50 values in the range of 4.9 to 25.3 μM being favourably far below their toxicity against normal murine macrophages with CC50 values ranging from 432.5 to 620.7 μM after 48 h of treatment. Compound 3 exhibited the strongest activity and the highest selectivity index (SI) with IC50 of 4.9 ± 0.6 μM and SI of 88.2 comparable with the standard drug, meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime), with IC50 and SI values of 15.5 ± 2.1 μM and 40.0, respectively.
... Among 500 species of Artemisia genus which are grown all over the world, 34 species are distributed in Iran (16,17). Known plants for their potent chemical constituents and their essential oil which are used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23). Artemisia species have several phytochemical constituents like flavonoids, terpenoids and coumarins. ...
Background: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) like zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), is a widespread infectious disease with high mortality and morbidity. Various medications are used for treating the disease, but several side effects and drug resistance have been reported. Herbal medicines are unlimited sources for discovering new medications to treat infectious diseases. We aimed to determine the leishmanicidal activity of three species of Iranian Artemisia herbal plant extracts in in-vitro.
Methods: In-vitro anti-leishmanial activity of ethanolic extracts on both promastigotes and amastigotes was determined by using MTT method. IC50, CC50, EC50 and SI were calculated. The study was done in 2019-2020 in Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Results: All of the three Artemisia species significantly reduced the number of parasite promastigotes. Among them, A. persica had the highest leishmanicidal activity against parasite promastigotes. Cytotoxicity assay elucidated that the Artemisia had no toxicity to the host cells, and killed the L. major amastigotes very efficiently. By increasing the dose of extracts, the parasite number in both phases (promastigotes and amastigotes) was reduced significantly.
Conclusion: These results indicated satisfactory anti-leishmanial activity of Artemisia extracts against ZCL in-vitro. Accordingly, Artemisia ethanolic extracts might be considered as a strong, effective and safe herbal compound for clearing the L. major with less toxicity to the host macrophages cells. Hence, it may be recognized as an excellent herbal therapy for treating the ZCL.
... This ketone was previously reported as the main EO component of a collection from Antofagasta region, Chile (Ortiz et al., 2019), and also in other Artemisia spp. such as A. dubia (Satyal et al. 2012), A. gorgonum (Ortet et al. 2010), A. khorassanica (Nahrevanian et al. 2010), A. maritima (Jaitak et al. 2008) and A. herba-alba (Salido et al. 2004;Belhattab et al. 2014) where the antioxidant, anti-microbial and antifungal activity of chrysanthenone were highlighted. The Chilean collection also contained significant amounts of linalool, linalyl acetate, and piperitone, but the latter compounds were not detected in our Catamarca province collection. ...
Artemisia copa var. copa, popularly known as “copa”, “copa-copa”, “coa”, “copal” or “tola”, is an aromatic shrub that inhabits the high Andean peaks and the Puna region of Chile, Bolivia, and Argentina. Its aerial parts are sold in the local markets as a sedative, for the treatment of digestive disorders, hypertension, fever, urinary, respiratory infections, and frictions to relieve rheumatism. The morpho-anatomy and the histochemistry of the aerial parts of a native population of A. copa (Catamarca province, Argentina) were described in order to determine diagnostic characters and to identify the site of synthesis and storage of essential oils and other secondary metabolites. A. copa can be differentiated from other Artemisia species by a set of morpho-anatomical features, such as the presence of entire to segmented leaves; ribbed young stems with circular to quadrangular shape; schizogenous secretory ducts distributed (1–2) near the xylem at the midvein of the leaf and the cortex of the stems; non-glandular two-armed “T” shaped trichomes with 2–4 short uniseriated basal cells and biseriate capitate glandular trichomes. Epidermal cells, glandular trichomes, and secretory ducts were associated with the synthesis and accumulation of essential oil, triterpenic and phenolic compounds. Triterpenes (lupeol, α- and β-amyrin); phytosterols βsitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and 24-methyl cholesta-5, 22-dien-3β-ol); sesquiterpene lactones (leucodin and achillin) and flavones (chrysosplenetin and jaceidin,) were identified in the chloroform extract. The essential oil showed chrysanthenone (76.9%), as the main component, accompanied by minor amounts of other mono- and sesquiterpenoids.
... Artemisia diffusa was effective on P. berghei, where it was decreasing parasitaemia and inhibits its growth (Rustaiyan et al., 2009). Medicinal Plants like Artemisia khorasanica was successfully tested against P. berghei (Nahrevanian et al., 2010). Similarly Artemisia annua and A. absinthium reduced parasitaemia against P. bergei in mice by 94.28% and 83.28% (Ramazani et al., 2010a). ...
Flora of India is rich in a variety of species with various potential active ingredients that have been widely used to treat a variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases. A number of medicinal plants have shown promise to treat a number of viral infections, and some of them possess broad-spectrum antiviral activity. In the past, discovery into the antiviral activity of various medicinal plants was limited due to highly infectious nature of viruses and short of suitable separation methods for the screening of antiviral components from plants. In the pandemic spread of Covid-19, search and development of an ideal treatment is very essential and based on the observation with the world wide scenario a search was made to identify medicinal plants with antiviral activities possessing immuno-modulator, RNA viral inhibition, hepatitis viruses, chloroquine derivatives, ACE2 inhibitor etc. Further to enhance its efficacy search of nutritional supplements like Zinc and Vitamin C which are considered to be a main stay in developing a novel drug. An advancement of such approaches, in which non-infectious molecular clone of a virus could be used for antiviral screening purposes, and development in separation technologies offers promise for medicinal plants usage in modern drug discovery. This article describes potential antiviral properties of medicinal plants against a diverse group of viruses, and suggests screening the potential of plants possessing broad-spectrum antiviral effects against emerging Covid-19 infections.
... Those components consist of : 1,8-cineole (17.75% in one experiment and 33.90% in another one), camphor (13.90% in one experiment and 12.60% in another one), alpha-thujone (43.40% in one and 11.90% in another one), beta-thujone (16.20% in one and 20.10% in another one) and davanone (12.20% in one and 36.40% in another one) (Firouzni et al., 2008;Nahrevanian et al., 2010). ...
... These characteristics are resulted from constituents of essential oils such as piperitone, camphor, b-ylangene, b-elemene, and sapathulenol [9]. Accordingly, among this genus, we used A. haussknechtii as endemic species of Iran especially Kermanshah province for green synthesis of NPs [9,11]. ...
Recently, major problem related to pathogenic bacteria is augmentation of antibiotic resistance which has been changed treatment and recovery of millions of infectious patients. The present study reports an eco-friendly, rapid and easy method for synthesis of silver (Ag), copper (Cu) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) using Artemisia haussknechtii leaf aqueous extract with antibacterial activities against multi-drug resistance (MDR) bacteria species. Three different concentrations (0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 M) of AgNO3, CuSO4 and TiO (OH)2 were investigated for obtaining optimum NPs green synthesis. Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content of leaf extract and total antioxidant activity (DPPH) assay were determined as radical scavenging methods. UV–Visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used due to NPs characterization. The size average of the Ag, Cu and TiO2 NPs obtained were respectively 10.69 ± 5.55, 35.36 ± 44.4 and 92.58 ± 56.98 nm. In the case of antibacterial assay, disc diffusion assay, minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal concentration, bacterial growth and morphology of four MDR species Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12258, Serratia marcescens ATTC13880 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 were evaluated. Results of this study demonstrated that A. haussknechtii leaf extract with various groups of phytochemicals such as phenols and flavonoids had suitable ability in green synthesis of Ag, Cu and TiO2 NPs. Also, Ag and Cu NPs had more antibacterial activities compared to TiO2 NPs.
... Among these species P. falciparum is the cause of malignant and life threatening tertiary malaria. 300-500 million clinically cases and 1-2 million death reports as incidence of malaria in the world [2]. In severe malaria, death may occur within 24 h or less than a day [3]. ...
... Artemisinin is an effective anti-malarial drug with significant activities in chloroquine resistant strains. It is a natural product, which considered as important agent against the parasite with low toxicity during treatment process of malaria disease [2,[4][5][6]. The aim of this study was to evaluate Iranian flora Artemisia oliveriana as a natural component for its antimalarial effects against Plasmodium berghei in vivo. ...
... Since producing effective anti-malarial vaccines is still complicated, chemotherapy remains the first-line action against the disease; however at present, the medicinal treatment of malaria has faced with drug resistance which is key problem in some malaria endemic areas of Iran [2,7]. In chemotherapeutic agents, issue of resistance means that searching for new antimalarial drugs is an urgent priority. ...
... Squalene is a polyunsaturated hydrocarbon that has been reported to prevent oxidative damage to the striatum in a mouse while also controlling the toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine [26] . Octadecane, another hydrocarbon present in significant amount in the water extract is reported to have shown significant reduction in pathophysiology in Plasmodium berghei infected animals when treated with extracts of Artemisia khorasanica that contains this particular compound in significant concentrations [27] . Caryophyllene and its oxides are one of the most important biological compounds that influences diverse metabolism. ...
Objective:
To screen the phytochemical constituents and study antioxidant properties of the aqueous extract of the wheatgrass.
Methods:
The current study was focused on broad parameters namely, phytochemical analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and antioxidant properties in order to characterize the aqueous extract of wheatgrass as a potential free radical quencher.
Results:
The phytochemical screening of the aqueous extract of wheatgrass showed the presence of various secondary metabolites but the absence of sterols and quinone in general. Wheatgrass was proved to be an effective radical scavenger in all antioxidant assays. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of diverse category of bioactive compounds such as squalene, caryophyllene and amyrins in varying percentage.
Conclusions:
From the results obtained, we conclude that wheatgrass aqueous extract contains various effective compounds. It is a potential source of natural antioxidants. Further analysis of this herb will help in finding new effective compounds which can be of potent use in pharmacological field.
... The Artemisia has been inspect chemically in which acetylenic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins and terpenoids, specifically sesquiterpene lactones have been reported. This genus belongs to the useful aromatic and medicinal plants ( Rustaiyan et al., 2000;Nahrevanian et al., 2010;Kazemi et al., 2011). The extracts of Artemisia plant have insecticidal, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, sedative, anti-cough activity and it used for medicinal and ornamental and culinary( Wang et al., 2011). ...
Liver transaminases: aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alanine amino transferase (ALT) are biomarkers of liver damage in a patient. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) are from the five significant groups of lipoproteins which allow lipids to be transported within the water-based blood flow. Multiple plants are used for the treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of extracts from Artemisia deserti extract on liver. Artemisia is a large, diverse genus of the family Asteraceae. In this study after collecting and provision plant, they were dried under shade and ground into fine powder using electric blender, then, 20 gr of flower powder were extracted with 150 mL 80% ethanol by Soxhlet extraction for 8 hours.The dried extracts were stored at 4°C until used. The animals were divided into three groups. Group 1 was injected with saline, group 2 and 3 were injected with extract 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively. The animals were anesthetized and the AST, ALT, ALP, LDL and HDL were assayed. Also the liver tissue was separated and pathological changes were studied. No significant changes in liver enzymes were observed in all three groups. But, the flower extract of A. deserti cause changes in the liver tissue. The results are shown that the histopathological change probably due to the existing of artemisinin at extracts. It also seems liver disorders is resolved with time.
... Several fundamental investigations have been conducted to search for antiplasmodial activity of many plants from different parts of the world (Bagavan et al. 2011; Chandel et al. 2012; Kamaraj et al. 2012; Ndjonka et al. 2012; O'Neill et al. 1986; Prakash et al. 2013; Ravikumar et al. 2011; Valdes et al. 2010). There are a few searches of Iranian medicinal plants for antimalarial activity (Esmaeili et al. 2009; Nahrevanian et al. 2010 Nahrevanian et al. , 2012 Ramazani et al. 2010a, b). Considering the great potential of our country in terms of plant biodiversity (Groombridge 1992), rich traditional knowledge and practice, and malaria endemicity in the southeast of Iran, we were interested to study medicinal plants in order to find potential sources of new antimalarials. ...
The effectiveness of antimalarial drugs is declining at an ever accelerating rate, with consequent increase in malaria-related morbidity and mortality. The newest antiplasmodial drug from plants is needed to overcome this problem. The aim of this study was to assess antimalarial activity of the ethanolic extracts of 10 different medicinal plants from eight families against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-sensitive 3D7 strain. The selection of the hereby studied plants was based on the existing information on their local ethnobotanic history. Plants were dried, powdered, and macerated in a hydroalcoholic solution. Resulting extracts have been assessed for in vitro and in vivo antimalarial and brine shrimp toxicity activities. Of 10 plant species tested, four plants: Althea officinalis L. (Malvaceae), Myrtus communis Linn (Myrtaceae), Plantago major (Plantaginaceae), and Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Papilionaceae) displayed promising antimalarial activity in vitro (50 % inhibitory concentration values of 62.77, 42.18, 40.00, and 13.56 μg/mL, respectively) with no toxicity against brine shrimp larvae. The crude extracts of three active plants, G. glabra, M. communis, and A. officinalis, also significantly reduced parasitemia in vivo in female Swiss albino mice at a dose of 400 mg/kg compared to no treatment. Antiplasmodial activities of extracts of A. officinalis and M. communis are reported for the first time.
