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Plasma lipoproteins and non-HDL-C. CM-chylomicrons, VLDL-very low density lipoprotein, IDL-intermediate density lipoprotein, LDL-low density lipoprotein, HDL-high density lipoprotein, Lp(a)-lipoprotein(a), Apo B-apolipoprotein B, Apo A1-apolipoprotein A1
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... is calculated as total cholesterol minus HDL-C. Since HDL-C is the only anti-atherogenic lipoprotein, non-HDL-C effectively measures all atherogenic (apo B carrying) lipoproteins in the circulation, including LDL, VLDL, IDL and Lp(a) (Figure 1). Hence, non-HDL-C is accepted as a more accurate predictor of ASCVD risk compared with LDL-C. ...
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... non-HDL-C levels in younger healthy individuals may identify those at increased risk of future adverse CV events. 35 This may even be more important for the Indian population who develop vascular disease 10 years earlier than their western counterparts and have a high prevalence of DM. 33 Also, it is recently observed that the ratio of non-HDL-C to TC significantly predicts the severity of coronary lesion in statin treated patients and the occurrence of MACE [RR 1.9 (95% CI; 1.2-3.4)]. 34 ...
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Background
The relationship of cumulative non high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (Cum-non-HDL-C) concentration with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with hypertension remains unclear.
Methods
In total 27 234 participants for whom three consecutive total cholesterol and HDL-C concentrations were available, and who did not h...
Simple Summary
Due to the rapid increase of primary liver cancer incidence and the poor prognosis, it is imperative to identify new modifiable factors such as diet and nutrition for the prevention of liver cancer. Diet high in saturated fatty acids (SFA) has been hypothesized to be associated with increased risk of cancers. However, the association...
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and LDL/HDL ratio have been associated with new-onset diabetes; however, their cut-off levels have not been determined. We clarified the association between dyslipidemia and the incidence of diabetes. People who underwent a health checkup under a program conducte...
Objective:
We aimed to investigate the relationship between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level and the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cause-specific mortality.
Methods:
Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort, we identified 343,687 subjects (men, 176,243; women, 167,444) aged ≥20...
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Citations
... In 2020, Kathariya G. et al found that non-HDL-C is a much more specific and sensitive parameter for assessing the risk of elevated systolic blood pressure than LDL-C calculated using the Friedwald formula [20]. X. Su et al. and R. Puri et al. reviewed in detail the significance of the benefits of determining the level of non-HDL-C [21,22]. First, there is no additional cost to assessing non-HDL-C, as it can be easily calculated by subtracting the level of HDL-C from the level of TC. ...
Aim . To perform a population analysis of Non-High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol level (non-HDL-c) in Russian population and to evaluate its association with cardiovascular events.
Material and Methods . The material consisted of results obtained from 11 regions of the ESSE-RF1 Study and from 4 regions of the ESSE-RF2 Study. Study protocols were identical. The studies were performed in 2012-2014 and 2017, respectively. Endpoints were assessed in 19041 people aged 35-64 years. The median follow-up was 6.5 years in ESSE RF (1) and 3.8 years in ESSE RF(2). Analysis was performed for three lipid variables: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and non-HDLC in two samples: the general population sample and the same sample without individuals with coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI) and/or stroke history and not taking statins (the population sample of "without a history of cardiovascular diseases [CVD]". The analysis of nonlinear associations was performed using the generalized additive Cox model. The combined cardiovascular endpoint was represented by cardiovascular death and nonfatal MI and stroke. Traditional and laboratory FRs, socio-demographic parameters were analyzed. The significance level for all tested hypotheses was set to be 0.05.
Results . The prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C level (>3.7 mmol/l) was found to be 74.6%. No gender differences were found: there was 74.6% for men and 74.5% for women. Both mean values and prevalence of elevated non-HDL-C were increased with age in women, and its level was slightly decreased in men after 55 years old. Almost all analyzed RFs were significantly associated with elevated non-HDL-C in these two population samples. In both samples elevated total CH and elevated LDL-C were associated with all-cause mortality after correction for all RFs. On the contrary, the non-HDL-C was associated with CVD combined end pints. It has been shown that the risk of these end points increases uniformly with increase in levels of non HDL cholesterol, no nonlinear associations were found.
Conclusion . The results of a population-based analysis of non-HDL-C performed in the Russian population for the first time confirmed that elevated non-HDL-C levels contribute significantly to determining the risk of cardiovascular events in the medium term. It can be assumed that the new risk scales (SCORE2 and SCORE OP) proposed by the European Society of Cardiology and the European Society of Preventive Cardiology, which include non-HDL C instead of TC, will allow adequate assessment of 10-year cardiovascular risk for Russians. However, continued monitoring of endpoints in order to obtain stable associations is required.
... 21,22) Other studies reported oxidative stress as an oxidative stress marker, [23][24][25] and Lee et al. 17) protection effects, such as anti-inflammatory effects, anti-oxidant capacity, anti-coagulation, and anti-thrombotic capacity. 31) Almost all females answered that they were non-smokers in self-reporting questionnaires. However, there was a report that only 7.1% of female subjects reported they are smokers but actually 13.9% of female subjects were proven to be smokers by examination of nicotine in their urine. ...
In this Study, we investigated the effects of lifestyle and metabolic syndrome on free oxygen radical levels in men and women in Korea.
A total of 254 adults were included in this study from February 2011 to June 2012 at a health promotion center. Information of the lifestyles and presence of metabolic syndrome factors was obtained. Biochemical markers were measured and free oxygen radicals test (FORT) was performed on the blood.
Of the 254 subjects, 86 (33.9%) had metabolic syndrome, and 187 (73.6%) were men. Between the subjects with and without metabolic syndrome, there was a significant increase in alanine aminotransferase and serum FORT values in the subjects with metabolic syndrome. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (P = 0.004), metabolic syndrome (P = 0.037), and female gender (P = 0.030) were independent predictors of serum FORT values. The subjects with high fasting blood sugar level or low high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed high serum FORT values.
High hs-CRP, the presence of metabolic syndrome, and female gender were associated with the high oxidative stress. High oxidative stress was associated with the presence of metabolic syndrome.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading global cause of mortality, with a significant rise in low- and middle-income countries. India faces a substantial burden of CVD, with alarming prevalence rates and an increase in associated deaths over the years. Despite a comparable cardiovascular death rate to Western populations, Indians developed atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) a decade earlier. Lifestyle factors, genetic predisposition, and various risk factors contribute to this high prevalence. The management of ASCVD risk in India lifestyle measures, addressing risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, obesity, metabolic syndrome, smoking, dyslipidemia, prediabetes, diabetes, and hypertension. Specifically, focusing on lipid management guidelines, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering is considered a crucial global need for additional interventions. This expert paper highlights the role of hypertriglyceridemia, its association with ASCVD, and the importance of managing triglyceride levels. Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nonHDL-C) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) are highlighted as valuable indicators for assessing residual risk beyond LDL-C levels. The Lipid Association of India proposes non-HDL-C as a coprimary target, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive lipid management strategy, particularly in high-risk populations.
Stroke is one of the most important and most feared conditions known to man. The threat of stroke is important to all people. What could be more devastating than to lose the ability to speak, move a limb, stand, talk, see, read, feel write or even think? This book brings together ideas, events and advances – the stories – before and during the 20th Century through the accounts of global experts in the field, many of them having been first-hand witnesses to progress. Focusing on selected stories of stroke, this book offers a readable summary of the most dramatic and extensive changes in knowledge about stroke and in caring for stroke patients. Of interest to anyone interested in neurosciences and for physicians caring for stroke patients, this book informs on moving forward, by looking to how we got to where we are.
У статті проаналізовано зміни міокарда, виявлені гістологічно та гістохімічно, за умов експериментальної гіперхолестеролемії у тварин пубертатного та зрілого віку. Перебудова міокарда за цих умов пов’язана з гіпертрофією кардіоміоцитів в обох вікових групах, у тварин зрілого віку – також із їх атрофією та некрозом, а також дезорганізацією стромального компонента, що проявляється накопиченням різного ступеня нейтральних глікозаміногліканів та кислих мукополісахаридів. Мета – з’ясувати особливості морфологічних змін кардіоміоцитів та екстрацелюлярного матриксу міокарда щурів пубертатного та зрілого віку за умов експериментальної гіперхолестеролемії. Матеріал і методи. Дослідження проведені на 24 білих нелінійних щурах-самцях. Для моделювання експериментальних метаболічних порушень залучали здорових тварин пубертатного та зрілого віку. Гіперхолестеролемію моделювали протягом 30 діб шляхом згодовування холестеролу, розчиненого в соняшниковій олії, на фоні пригнічення функції щитоподібної залози мерказолілом. Гістологічні зрізи фарбували гематоксиліном і еозином, пікрофуксином за ван Гізон, залізним гематоксиліном за Гейденгайном, альціановим синім за Стідменом, досліджено PAS-реакцією. Результати. В обох досліджуваних вікових групах підвищення загального холестеролу в крові супроводжувалось морфологічними змінами в міокарді. Гістохімічне дослідження підтверджує суттєві прояви дезорганізації стромального компонента міокарда за умов експериментальної гіперхолестеролемії, які відображаються накопиченням нейтральних глікозаміногліканів та кислих мукополісахаридів. Вираженіші прояви дезорганізації сполучної тканини інтерстицію міокарда спостерігали у тварин зрілої вікової групи. Зміни скоротливого апарату міокарда проявлялися гіпертрофією в обох вікових групах, в зрілій віковій групі, крім цього, виявляли атрофічні та некротичні зміни. Висновки. За умов експериментальної гіперхолестеролемії у щурів пубертатного віку ремоделювання кардіоміоцитів має пристосувальне спрямування і проявляється їх гіпертрофією, а зрілого віку, навпаки, – альтеративне, як прояв зриву компенсаторних можливостей. В екстрацелюлярному матриксі молодих тварин переважають явища інтерстиціального та периваскулярного набряку, а у щурів зрілого віку – дифузного і периваскулярного склерозу.
An international group of experts advocate that clinicians address low high-density lipoprotein concentrations in lipid management of patients at high risk of coronary events. A treatment goal is recommended for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol of greater than or equal to40 mg/dl (greater than or equal to 1 mmol/L).
