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The species of the genus Yponomeuta Latreille (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) are known as ermine moths and can be found on various host plant species, sometimes appearing as pests. They are attacked by a wide range of parasitoids. We studied parasitoid complexes of several communities in Austria, Poland, Serbia, Slovenia and Sweden during 2014–2018....
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In the southeast of European Russia, the gall wasp Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché, 1834) is attacked by ten parasitoid species, including Eupelmus (Eupelmus) microzonus Förster, 1860 and E. (Macroneura) messene Walker, 1839. Although both members of the genus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820 are idiobiont ectoparasitoids, they demonstrate different life-history s...
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... As a result, dozens of species have been identified, most of which are parasitoids (e.g., Ageniaspis fuscicollis (Dalman)) and predators (e.g., Agria mamillata (Pandellé)). Various viruses and microorganisms (e.g., nuclear polyhedrosis virus, Microsporidum sp.) have also been isolated [11,[16][17][18][19][20][21]. At present, however, none of the above-mentioned organisms have found practical application in the control of species of the genus Yponomeuta. ...
The larvae of ermine moths from the Yponomeutidae family (Lepidoptera) feed on a range of species and varieties of fruit and ornamental trees. Some species of this family pose a serious threat to the environment, mainly because of the significant defoliation they cause but also due to the widespread use of insecticides used to control them. This study was designed to assess the sensitivity of Yponomeuta padella and Yponomeuta cagnagella larvae and pupae to a native strain of Steinernema feltiae ZAG15 nematodes under laboratory conditions and to test the biological activity of these nematodes against the larvae and pupae of these species in field studies. The following doses were used in the laboratory tests: 50 IJs/insect (Petri dish tests) and 100 IJs/insect (container tests). Petri dish and container tests were performed at 20 °C and 60% humidity. Mortality of two stages (larvae and pupae) was determined 3 days after treatment. In the field trials, the nematodes were applied at the following doses: 4000 IJs/web for the caterpillars of Y. padella and Y. cagnagella and 1000 IJs/web for the pupae of Y. padella and Y. cagnagella (this corresponded to approximately 200 IJs/insect). Nematodes were applied using a 1 L hand sprayer and a lance. The efficacy of the application was assessed after seven days. The results of our study showed that the larvae (81.7%) and pupae (88.3%) of Y. padella had a greater susceptibility to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) than those of Y. cagnagella (50% and 33.3%, respectively). However, our promising laboratory results did not translate into results in field trials, where the application of EPNs proved to be ineffective.
... Cossentine and Kuhlmann [167] noted that in the majority of its natural and colonized range, Y. malinellus populations remained neutral either by natural enemies' regulation or collaterally, due to the Btk treatments previously applied for Cydia pomonella (L.) (Tortricidae) infestations [168]. Apart from exporting BCAs, Europe contributed with susceptibility and optimization studies [160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168][169][170] as well as rearing records [163,[171][172][173][174]. Entomopathogenic BCAs or bioinsecticides containing living agents are hitherto not assessed in Europe. ...
Unraveling multiple layers of collective behavior outside the well-known isopteran and hymenopteran societies was a tall order for the scientific community, especially in the case of gregarious juveniles in the order Lepidoptera. Often protected with a solid silk shelter, devoid of reproductive division of labor or conventional forms of parental care, caterpillar aggregations have rarely been considered in terms of economic importance. Of over 60 European communal species, 24 can be associated with voracious feeding habits, and thus be irruptive or pestilential, depending on the extent and severity. This review retrieves 59 cases of biocontrol against Hyphantria cunea (Drury), Euproctis chrysorrhoea (L.), Malacosoma neustria (L.), Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis and Schiffermüller), T. processionea (L.) and Yponomeuta malinellus (Zeller) and classifies them in predefined research and application subcategories. The percentage-wise distribution of the utilized or explored biocontrol agents was projected at 35.59% in favor of parasitoids and predators. Falling between fundamental and applicative disciplines, biocontrol, especially in its early days, built a global reputation of being underreported. To provide guidance for future research regarding the group, the functional trait-based concept used in this study is complemented with preliminary outcome assessment
... Les critères pour distinguer les deux espèces ont été donnés par Vikberg & Vårdal (2017 Riedel & Hansen, 2015 ;Žikić et al., 2018 ;. Note : Cette espèce est reprise dans la Liste provisoire des Ichneumonidae de Belgique et du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg (Thirion, 2005) avec pour référence la version de Taxapad de 1999 (Yu, 1999). ...
This seventh contribution to the knowledge of the entomofauna of a village of Belgian Famenne deals with the group of Mesochorinae (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae). Faunistic data of 44 species are detailed and 35 species are cited for the first time for Belgium: Astiphromma aggressor (Fabricius, 1804), Astiphromma albitarse (Brischke, 1880), Astiphromma buccatum (Thomson, 1886), Astiphromma diversum Schwenke, 1999, Astiphromma hirsutum (Bridgman, 1883), Astiphromma uliginosum Schwenke, 1999, Mesochorus anomalus Holmgren, 1860, Mesochorus atriventris Cresson, 1872, Mesochorus bulgaricus Schwenke, 1999, Mesochorus crassimanus Holmgren, 1860, Mesochorus curvulus Thomson, 1886, Mesochorus dimidiator Aubert, 1970, Mesochorus discitergus (Say, 1835), Mesochorus dispar Brischke, 1880, Mesochorus doleri Schwenke, 1999, Mesochorus errabundus Hartig, 1838, Mesochorus faciator Horstmann, 2003, Mesochorus flavescens Boyer de Fonscolombe, 1852, Mesochorus fulgurator Horstmann, 2006, Mesochorus gemellus Holmgren, 1860, Mesochorus globulator (Thunberg, 1824), Mesochorus marginatus Thomson, 1886, Mesochorus nuncupator (Panzer, 1800), Mesochorus orbitalis Holmgren, 1860, Mesochorus paracarinatus Araujo & Vivallo, 2015, Mesochorus pectinipes Bridgman, 1883, Mesochorus semirufus Holmgren, 1860, Mesochorus thomsonii Dalla Torre, 1901, Mesochorus tipularius Gravenhorst, 1829, Mesochorus triangulus Schwenke, 1999, Mesochorus tuberculiger Thomson, 1886, Mesochorus velox Holmgren, 1860, Mesochorus veluminis Schwenke, 1999, Mesochorus viator Schwenke, 2004 et Mesochorus zoerneri Schwenke, 1999. An up-to-date checklist of Belgian Mesochorinae is provided.
... Some studies also analyzed a wide range of parasitoids of European Yponomeuta species. Recently, Žikić et al. [14] reported an updated checklist of the parasitoids of Yponomeuta species, including Y. cagnagella, Y. evonymella, Y. malinellus and Y. padella. They presented 15 parasitoid species of 6 hymenopteran families, Ichneumonidae, Encyrtidae, Eulophidae, Eurytomidae Braconidae, Pteromalidae, and 1 dipteran family, Tachinidae. ...
... This species was newly recognized as the most numerous parasitoid of Y. meguronis in this study. According to the literature, this species is also known to be a natural enemy of other Yponomeuta species: Y. cagnagella (spindle ermine moth), Y. evonymella (bird-cherry ermine moth), and Y. padella in Europe and Y. malinelllus (apple ermine moth) in Korea, Japan and China [14]. From this study, for the first time, this species has been revealed as a predator of Y. meguronis. ...
The genus Yponomeuta is widely known as a forestry insect pest group; however, it is extremely difficult to identify it at the species level because of its small size and morphological complexity. Thus far, only a few major species and host plants, as well as natural enemy information, are known through European research within the limited eastern Palearctic region. In this study, Yponomeuta meguronis Matsumura is revealed to be a severe forestry insect pest for Euonymus japonicus Thunb. (Celastraceae) in Korea, which constitutes part of the western Palearctic region. We observed that numerous tiny larvae caused serious damage to its leaves and partially or entirely covered the tree by making communal silk webs. To rapidly and accurately identify this insect pest in the future, new descriptions of immature stages, including larva and pupa, were provided, along with their adult forms, based on ecological photographs and morphological illustrations. Two natural enemies of Y. meguronis were also recognized for the first time in this study: Herpestomus brunnicornis (Gravenhorst) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was revealed as a parasitoid, and Xanthandrus comtus (Harris) (Diptera: Syrphidae) was presented as a predator.
... Generalists, which include polyphagous and oligophagous insects, feed on a wide range of hosts because they are not specialised to feed on a particular range of plants, whereas specialists are insects that are monophagous. When choosing their host, monophagous insects search for the best food quality and the best environment in terms of the survival of their checklist of the diversity of natural enemies of European species of the genus Yponomeuta provides information concerning 60 species [30]. The main parasitoids of Y. evonymella in Europe are Ageniaspis fuscicollis Dalman (Hymenoptera; Encyrtidae), and Diadegma armillata Grav. ...
... The nine identified species of parasitoids found attacking our studied population of Y. evonymella represent ca. 15% of all species currently known to attack Y. evonymella [30]. ...
Recently in Poland, cases of host expansion have frequently been observed in the typically monophagous bird-cherry ermine moth (Yponomeuta evonymella), which has moved from its native host plant, bird cherry (Prunus padus), to a new, widely distributed plant that is invasive in Europe, black cherry (P. serotina). We attempted to verify the reasons behind this host change in the context of the enemy-free space hypothesis by focusing on parasitoids attacking larval Y. evonymella on one of three host plant variants: The primary host, P. padus; initially P. padus and later P. serotina (P. padus/P. serotina); or the new host, P. serotina. This experiment investigated if changing the host plant could be beneficial to Y. evonymella in terms of escaping from harmful parasitoids and improving survival rate. We identified nine species of parasitoids that attack larval Y. evonymella, and we found that the number of parasitoid species showed a downward trend from the primary host plant to the P. padus/P. serotina combination to the new host plant alone. We observed a significant difference among variants in relation to the percentage of cocoons killed by specific parasitoids, but no effects of non-specific parasitoids or other factors. Total mortality did not significantly differ (ca. 37%) among larval rearing variants. Changing the host plant caused differences in the structure of the parasitoid complex of Y. evonymella but did not improve its survival rate. This study does not indicate that the host expansion of Y. evonymella is associated with the enemy-free space hypothesis; we therefore discuss alternative scenarios that may be more likely.
Baryscapus evonymellae (Bouché, 1834) (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae) was
rediscovered on Leucoma wiltshirei Collenette, 1938 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) attacked by different parasitoids. This species had already been reported under different names; therefore, its inaccurate identifications were corrected. It was reared as a larval and pupal hyperparasitoid of two important primary parasitoids of L. wiltshirei including Brachymeria tibialis Steffan, 1958 (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae), and Dolichogenidea persica Abdoli, Mohammadi, Sedaratian-Jahromi & Farahani, 2023 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). The last parasitoid-hyperparasitoid association is new. Its morphological characters were illustrated and its biological data and main characteristics were discussed.
The apple ermine moth (Yponomeuta malinellus Zeller) is an economically important pest of apple trees and apple orchards. It is also a pest of ornamental trees and shrubs in urban habitats. The aim of our study was to determine the degree of parasitisation of the apple ermine moth pupae collected from the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacquin) in the allotment gardens in Poznań, Poland, by parasitoids from the Ichneumonidae family, to determine parasitoid species and the dates when they start flying. Judged from the parasitisation of pupae, the parasitoids reduced the apple ermine moth population by 9.1% over the period 2014–2016. The apple ermine moth pupae were parasitised by the following six parasitoid species: Gelis areator (Panzer), Herpestomus brunnicornis (Gravenhorst), Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst), I. maculator (Fabricius), I. tunetana (Schmiedeknecht), and Pimpla turionushtana (Linnaeus). The most effective entomophages H. brunnicornis and I. tunetana reduced the apple ermine moth population by 3.2% and 2.7%, respectively. Our results suggest that the apple ermine population in urban allotment gardens exposed to heavy anthropogenic pressure can be reduced by parasitoids of the Ichneumonidae family. The degree of parasitisation of the moth in this particular urban habitat may be comparable to the degree of its parasitisation in orchards.
