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Plant growth parameters of soilless grown summer squash with organic and synthetic-inorganic fertilizers 30 days after transplanting.
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Organic agricultural production and related food sector has become important in Turkey and over the world. Greenhouse production, especially with soilless culture techniques, might provide growers a viable system to become a consistent supplier of special crops year around for the organic market. Soilless organic systems could recover the disadvant...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the early stage of the experiment, vegetative growth of the organic and synthetic fertilized plants was similar. At somewhat organic fertilized plants seemed to be better by visual appearance and also by recorded growth parameters (Table 1). However, 60 days after transplanting, shoot (leaves+stem) and root fresh weights, leaf area and plant height of organic fertilized plants were lower than synthetic fertilized ones by 18%, 25%, 12% and 27% respectively. ...Context 2
... of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in plant samples, leaf, stem, root and fruit, were similar or sometimes there were some differences between two nutrition treatments in 30 and 90 days after transplanting (Tables 4-12). Some cases organically grown plants had higher nutrient concentrations than synthetically grown ones. ...Citations
... Chemical fertilizers provide N mostly in the form of nitrate or ammonium ions. However, N in organic fertilizer often exists in the organic or ammonium form that is needed to be converted into nitrate for optimal plant uptake (Bi et al. 2010;Dasgan and Bozkoylu 2007;Gaskell and Smith 2007). In this study, 80% and 20% of the N in the chemical fertilizer were nitrate and ammonium, respectively. ...
Because hydroponic operations in the United States can be certified as organic, and because the price of chemical fertilizers has increased, there is an increasing interest in using organic fertilizers and beneficial microorganisms for controlled-environment agriculture. However, there is a scarcity of information regarding their effectiveness and application methodologies. We investigated the effects of inoculating Azospirillum brasilense and Rhizophagus intraradices and using organic fertilizers on growing lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ‘Cherokee’) and tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ‘Red Robin’) young plants in an indoor vertical farm. Seeds were sown in rockwool substrate, with A. brasilense (1.05 × 10 ⁸ colony-forming units⋅L ⁻¹ ) or R. intraradices (580 propagules⋅L ⁻¹ ) applied weekly via subirrigation. Seedlings received chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer derived from corn steep liquor and fermented fish by-products, and food waste-derived organic fertilizer at 100 ppm total nitrogen every 2 or 3 days. They were grown indoors at 23 °C under light-emitting diode lighting at a photosynthetic photon flux density of 200 μmol⋅m ⁻² ⋅s ⁻¹ with an 18-hour photoperiod. Lettuce under organic fertilizers had 75% lower shoot fresh mass and 64% less shoot dry mass compared with lettuce under chemical fertilizer. Similarly, tomato seedlings with organic fertilizers had fewer leaves, 75% less shoot fresh mass, and 67% less shoot dry mass. In both lettuce and tomato, the macronutrient and micronutrient concentrations in plant tissues were generally similar regardless of fertilizer treatments, but nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen uptake efficiency were lower under organic fertilizers compared with those under chemical fertilizer. The inoculation of A. brasilense or R. intraradices showed limited effects on plant nutrient uptake, nutrient concentrations, and seedling growth in both lettuce and tomato. Further research is necessary to optimize application methods for organic fertilizers and beneficial microorganisms to fully harness the benefits of sustainable alternative fertilizers in soilless and hydroponic crop production.
... Colla et al. (2002) found similar results to our in tomato, with no differences in yield between the organic and conventional cultivation methods, whereas a lower yield was found in the organic grow ing system compared to the conventional one for zucchini (Maggio et al., 2013). A strong yield reduc tion of about 25% was observed in summer zucchini squash grown using organic fertilizers (Dasgan and Bozkoylu, 2007). Conventional mineral nutrition inputs can provide nutrients when plants really need them, while organic fertilizers or matrixes release nutrients following degradation kinetics that usually cannot promptly satisfy plant requirements. ...
Organic production must be carried out following the EU regulations and their protocols. On the contrary, conventional cultivation instead can be carried out using the best agronomic approaches available and using the latest innovative resources. Organic cultivation is more widespread in permanent crops (olive and grape crops) than vegetable ones, and even less in protected cultivation systems, due to the high intensity production processes which render the application of organic growing protocols more complex. The comparison between the two systems of cultivation, organic and conventional, is difficult because the two cultivation methods are often carried out in different farms and hence in different environmental conditions. Cultivation using the two methods was conducted in a greenhouse from November to March 2017/2018. Results demonstrated that the total fruit yield zucchini squash in organic cultivation was not significantly different to the conventional one (43.2 Mg ha-1 and 46.4 Mg ha-1, respectively). The agronomic inputs (fertilizers, fungicides, and insecticides) were higher in the organic cultivation system than conventional one. The water use efficiency was higher in the conventional cultivation system (150.6 kg m-3 ha-1) compared to the organic one (147.6 kg m-3 ha-1). No statistically significant differences were found for the fruit number per plant and for the marketable fruit at the end of the growing period. Significant differences for the harvest period were only detected for fresh weight, shape index, firmness, and titratable acidity. In conclusion, this work demonstrated that the organic system required higher inputs compared to the conventional cultivation. The extensive experience of the grower allowed for comparable yields between the two systems.
... Otros estudios también apuntan a la supresión de la fertilización sintética a través de la fertilización biológica. Dasgan y Bozkoylu (2007) determinaron que las concentraciones foliares de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn y Cu en calabacita (Cucurbita pepo) fueron semejantes o con diferencias pequeñas entre plantas cultivadas con base en fertilización orgánica y sintética. Resultados semejantes se han obtenido en otros cultivos. ...
La utilización de bioinoculantes e insumos naturales es una alternativa viable en la producción de cultivos. El propósito del estudio consistió en comparar el 100 % de fertilización convencional (100N-40P-00K, testigo) con el efecto de gallinaza, la inoculación del hongo micorrícico arbuscular (HMA) Rhizophagus intraradices (micorriza INIFAP) y 50 % de fertilización química, independientes o en combinación sobre variables de planta, macollo y rendimiento de repollo (Brassica oleracea var capitata, cv. ‘Copenhagen Market’). En semillero se comparó la emergencia de plántulas crecidas en sustrato con y sin HMA. En campo se evaluó clorofila, diámetro de planta, diámetro y peso de macollo y rendimiento. Además, el beneficio-costo (b/c) fue estimado para cada tratamiento. La inoculación micorrícica incrementó significativamente en 19 % la emergencia de plántulas en comparación con las no inoculadas. El crecimiento y rendimiento mostraron diferencias no significativas entre los tratamientos. Los resultados indicaron la factibilidad de restringir 50 % o sustituir la fertilización sintética convencional mediante el uso de gallinaza y micorriza arbuscular en la producción de repollo. El tratamiento más rentable (b/c= 4.7) fue el de inoculación micorrícica en almácigo y la adición del 50 % de la fertilización química (50N-20P-00K).
... Se ha indicado que la práctica de fertilización biológica podría sustituir o disminuir a la fertilización sintética y traer consigo efectos benéficos desde las perspectivas económica, social y ecológica (Adesemoye y Kloepper 2009, Carbajal y Mera 2010. Se han realizado diversos estudios para conocer los efectos de los abonos orgánicos (Desgan y Bozkoylu 2007, Rodríguez et al. 2009, Bouajila et al. 2011, Velázquez et al. 2014) y de bioinoculantes (Davies et al. 2002, Carpio et al. 2005, Terry et al. 2005) en los cultivos, no obstante, es limitada la información relacionada con la efectividad independiente o asociada entre los abonos orgánicos y la inoculación con hongos formadores de micorrizas. Por lo anterior, el propósito del presente estudio fue conocer el efecto de la gallinaza y del HMA Rhizophagus intraradices, en combinación e independientes, sobre las características de la planta de calabacita (Cucurbita pepo) y su productividad. ...
In modern agriculture the emerging paradigm is to reduce or eliminate the use of synthetic agrochemicals that adversely impact the environment. Therefore, the use of natural products such as biological fertilization is now privileged. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of chicken manure and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rhizophagus intraradices, compared with inorganic fertilizer 120- 90- 00, on characteristics of squash plant (Cucurbita pepo) and its productivity, under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse, the chicken manure and the AMF were applied at the rate of 3 and 5 g/pot, in field they were 0.5 kg/3.3 kg of seed and 3 t/ha, respectively. Chlorophyll index (SPAD), plant height, foliar and radical biomass, and mycorrhizal colonization were measured in the greenhouse. In field, 2012 and 2013, the variables evaluated were chlorophyll, plant height, diameter and weight of fruit, as well as yields. In addition, in 2013 foliar contents of P, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ca and Mg were determined. In greenhouse, in general, inorganic fertilizer, chicken manure and AMF, exceeded the absolute control group in all of variables evaluated. Treatments with AMF had an average of 59 % of mycorrhizal colonization. In field, the greatest chlorophyll values (37.8 SPAD), plant height (68.3 cm), weight of fruit (220 g) and yield (31.3 t/ha), were recorded in 2012, and they were associated with greater rainfall. Results of 2012 and 2013 indicated that larger plant height was recorded with inorganic fertilizer, although there were no significant differences between chicken manure, AMF and inorganic fertilizer for chlorophyll, diameter and weight of fruit, and total yield. Also, foliar contents of P, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Ca and Mg, were similar in the same treatments. The results seem to indicate that chicken manure and AMF inoculation recorded in squash plant characteristics, fruit and yields, are comparable with that of mineral fertilization.
... Studies that satisfied the screening criteria All other included studies Apple Andrews et al., 2001;Lucarini et al., 1999;Peck et al., 2006;Weibel et al., 2000 DeEll andPrange, 1993;Reig et al., 2007;Banana Forster et al., 2002aForster et al., 2002b;Nyanjage et al., 2001 Bean (Preto, Carioca, Manteiga) Santos et al., 2006 Bean (soy) Nakamura et al., 2007Beetroot Herencia et al., 2007Mader et al., 1993Hansen, 1980Broccoli Robbins et al., 2005Cabbage Fjelkner-Modig et al., 2000Sousa et al., 2005;Havard, 1997 Capsicum Chassy et al., 2006;Herencia et al., 2007;Fjelkner-Modig et al., 2000Hansen, 1980;Hogstad et al., 1997;Leclerc et al., 1991;Havard, 1997 Carrot Fjelkner-Modig et al., 2000;Leclerc et al., 1991;Havard, 1997 Hansen, 1980;Hogstad et al., 1997; Carrot and apple juice Smiechowska, 2003Celery Leclerc et al., 1991Chard Herencia et al., 2007Corn Warman and Havard, 1998Asami et al., 2003Eggplant Ogbadu and Easmon, 1989Grapefruit Lester et al., 2007Grapes Dani et al., 2007Kale Mercadante and Rodriguezamaya, 1991Hansen, 1980Kiwi fruit Amodio et al., 2007Benge et al., 2000Leeks Termine et al., 1987Lettuce Lairon et al., 1984Premuzic et al., 2001Mandarin Perez-Lopez et al., 2007bOats Srikumar and Ockerman, 1991Onion Fjelkner-Modig et al., 2000Gundersen et al., 2000Orange Rapisarda et al., 2005Tarozzi et al., 2006Turra et al., 2006Pea Fjelkner-Modig et al., 2000Gundersen et al., 2000Peach Carbonaro et al., 2002Pear Carbonaro et al., 2002Plums Lombardi-Boccia et al., 2004Potato Camin et al., 2007Fjelkner-Modig et al., 2000;Warman and Havard, 1998;Wszelaki et al., 2005Hajslova et al., 2005Hansen, 1980;Pettersson, 1983;Pumpkin Danilchenko, 2002Rye Jorhem and Slanina, 2000Squash Herencia et al., 2007Dasgan and Bozkoylu, 2007Strawberry Cayuela et al., 1997Hakala et al., 2003Olsson et al., 2006 Tomato ...
The aim of the present analysis was to evaluate the micronutrient content of plant foods produced by organic and conventional agricultural methods. Studies were identified from a search of electronic databases (1980-2007, inclusive) as well as manual searches. A total of 66 studies (describing 1440 micronutrient comparisons) were identified. Thirty-three studies (908 comparisons) satisfied the screening criteria which considered cultivar, harvesting, and soil conditions. In studies that satisfied the screening criteria, the absolute levels of micronutrients were higher in organic foods more often than in conventional foods (462 vs 364 comparisons, P=0.002), and the total micronutrient content, expressed as a percent difference, was higher in organic (+5.7%, P<0.001) as compared to conventionally grown produce. The micronutrient content of food groups was more frequently reported to be higher for organic vegetables and legumes compared to their conventional counterparts (vegetables, 267 vs 197, P<0.001; legumes, 79 vs 46, P=0.004). This trend was supported by a mean percent difference in micronutrient content favoring organic vegetables (+5.9%, P<0.001) and legumes (+5.7%, P<0.001). Further research is required to determine the effect of organic agricultural methods on a broader range of nutrients and their potential impact on health.
La agricultura protegida promueve mejores condiciones de crecimiento para maximizar la producción de cultivos, la calidad del producto y la eficiencia en el uso de recursos. La polinización influye en la calidad o cantidad del rendimiento y su adecuado manejo puede contribuir a la obtención de rendimientos sostenibles. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de conocer la influencia de la polinización manual sobre el crecimiento de plantas y rendimiento de frutos de cultivares comerciales de calabacita (Cucurbita pepo) bajo condiciones de casa malla. Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos al azar con un arreglo factorial 2 × 10 (dos tipos de polinización y 10 cultivares) con seis repeticiones. Cinco de los cultivares de calabacita fueron del tipo Gray zucchini (Chabela, HMX586429, Aurora, Macaria y Hurakan) y cinco del tipo Green zucchini (Prestige, Ebano, Verona, Jacobo y Torino); éstos fueron cultivados con polinización manual de flores (CP) y sin polinización manual (SP). El cultivo sin polinización manual ocasionó incrementos en altura de plantas (SP/HMX586429: 196.7 cm), diámetro de tallo (SP/Ebano: 20.4 mm), índice de área foliar (SP/Ebano: 3.5 m2 m-2), peso seco de planta (SP/HMX586429: 425.7 g) y rendimiento para mercado nacional (SP/Aurora: 24.9 t ha-1), mientras que con polinización manual hubo incremento en el cuajado de frutos (CP/Verona, CP/Jacobo y CP/ Torino: 100 %), diámetro de fruto (CP/Hurakan: 52.3 mm), longitud de fruto (CP/Verona: 204 mm), peso de fruto (CP/Jacobo: 263.2 g), rendimiento total (CP/HMX586429: 79.7 t ha-1) y rendimiento con calidad de exportación (CP/ HMX586429: 74.1 t ha-1). Aún sin polinización manual, desde 4.9 (SP/Aurora) hasta 52.1 % (SP/Torino) de los frutos pudieron alcanzar el tamaño y la forma comercializables.
Vermicomposts increase the availability and
assimilation of nutrients and natural growth promoter
substances. In addition, vermicomposts contribute to
numerous physiological responses in plants, such as
increased growth and yield. Our study was developed
with the objective of comparing the effect of synthetic
auxins and vermicomposts on the growth and yield
of gray squash Cucurbita pepo L., cultured under
greenhouse conditions. A randomized block design
was used with the following f ive treatments: synthetic
auxins -Amcotone®- applied to foliage (AUX);
vermicopost -VioHache®- incorporated into the soil at
5 (DBV); 10 (DMV); and 15 Mg ha-1 (DAV); and a
control treatment (TES). The results obtained showed
that the synthetic auxins and all vermicompost doses
promoted plant growth. The highest yields, 40.5 and
37.9 Mg ha-1, were obtained with DBV and DMV,
respectively. The medium-sized gray squash (18.9 to
22.8 cm, 3.9 to 4.4 cm, and 101 to 225 g) was the most
produced, with 58.6 to 74.5% of the total yield. The
yield of medium gray squash obtained with synthetic
auxins or vermicomposts increased from 26.9 (DMV)
to 61.1% (DBV), compared with TES (17.5 Mg ha-1).
The pez diablo (Plecostomus spp.) is considered as invasive specie in El Infiernillo reservoir. To control fish population alternatives have been studied; one of these options is the use of the fish meal as organic fertilizer. The interaction between the size of particle and anticipated application before sowing for greenhouse zucchini production was evaluated during the months of March to July, 2008, in Jiquilpan, Michoacan. A factorial design was used with random distribution of fifteen treatments according to the interaction of these two factors, and the control treatment fertilized with 100% nitrogen using urea base. The analyzed response variables were percent germination, number of leaves, plant fresh weight, yield and fruit diameter and length. There was no difference in seed germination between the control and the organic fertilizer treatment using different particle sizes, but with application of fish meal 56 days before seedtime, germination was statistically higher 23.5% (P ≤ 0.05) than application 28 and zero days before sowing. Leaf number in the check treatment was statistically equal to that in most of the fish meal treatments and higher in the treatments with particle sizes between 0.84-1.19 and 0.5-0.84 mm. There was no statistical difference in fresh weight (P = 0.167) between the control (395 g) and the plants fertilized fish meal of different particle sizes (359 g) when fish meal was applied at seedtime (426.9 g). Among the fish meal fertilizer treatments plants fertilized 28 days before seeding (322 g) statistical differences were found. The plants fertilized with the organic fertilizer using different particle sizes and time of application, compared with chemical fertilization, registered high fruit yield in the first 18 days, but the yields were similar at the end of the crop cycle.
