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Pests and diseases are responsible for most of the losses related to agricultural crops, either in the field or in storage. Moreover, due to indiscriminate use of synthetic pesticides over the years, several issues have come along, such as pest resistance and contamination of important planet sources, such as water, air and soil. Therefore, in orde...
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... Most insecticides, whether they are of biological or synthetic origin, target the host by several mechanisms, such as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, voltage-gated sodium and calcium channels, acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE), butyryl cholinesterase (BuChE) (Ö zbek et al. 2017;Saad et al. 2019), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors and octopamine receptors (Jankowska et al. 2018). Likewise, plant-derived insecticides and pesticides exert their effects on pests by influencing one or more biological systems (Souto et al. 2021). In contrast to synthetic pesticides, hosts exhibit minimal resistance to natural essential oils and their components. ...
... In contrast to synthetic pesticides, hosts exhibit minimal resistance to natural essential oils and their components. Indeed, these plant-derived chemicals can impact the respiratory, nervous, and hormonal systems of insects and pests, as well as disrupt their water balance, contributing to their effectiveness as insecticides/pesticides Ni et al. 2021;Souto et al. 2021). ...
... Furthermore, these plant-derived insecticides/pesticides can be categorized based on their mode of action, including stomach poisons, contact poisons, and fumigants, among others. Each classification corresponds to distinct ways in which they interact with and affect the targeted pests (Souto et al. 2021). The diverse mode of action suggests multiple targets within the target organisms and is likely to reduce resistance development. ...
Intensive agriculture has long been associated with the excessive use of synthetic pesticides, leading to environmental pollution, health risks, and the development of pesticide-resistant insect populations. In response, significant scientific efforts are underway to seek safer alternatives for eco-friendly pest management, such as utilizing natural compounds, including essential oils derived from plants in the Lamiaceae family. This review explores the existing literature on Lamiaceae-derived bioactive compounds and their efficacy as alternative biopesticides. It delves into their chemical composition, mechanism of action, and practical application in pest management strategies. The multifaceted impact of these oils on insect pests is profound, with components like monoterpene, monoterpenoid, sesquiterpenoid, and aliphatic phenylpropanoids exhibiting diverse modes of action. These mechanisms may involve rupturing cell membranes, neurotoxic effects, antifeedant effects, repellent properties, and growth regulatory effects that make them effective natural alternatives to synthetic pesticides. However, their development as alternative biopesticides is often hindered by challenges such as standardization and formulation, regulatory approval, resistance development in insects, cost-effectiveness, as well as knowledge and awareness gaps. This synthesis of knowledge contributes to the evolving landscape of sustainable pest management practices, reducing the ecological footprint of intensive agriculture, and mitigating risks associated with conventional insecticides.
... Statistics shows that on a worldwide farming population of approximately 860 million, about 44% of farmers are poisoned by chemical pesticide annually which is approximately 380 million farmers (Prasanna, 2022). As a result, researchers opt to develop natural or plantbased pesticide (Souto et al., 2021).A biopesticide is a type of pesticide that is derived from natural sources such as living organisms, microbial agents, and plant extracts (Khursheed et al., 2022). It is utilized for controlling pests and diseases in agriculture, horticulture, and public health sector (Dhakal et al., 2019). ...
... Secondary metabolites from plants are special sources of medicinal ingredients, food extracts, and advantageous chemicals (Twaij and Hasan 2022). Medicinal plants (MPs) products may be regarded as distinct disease preventive agents since they are less toxic to animals, have less environmental values, and have high public acceptance (Souto et al. 2021). MPs generate unique chemical compounds that have been utilized to heal a variety of diseases (Burnett and Burnett 2020; Süntar 2020). ...
The inherent natural antioxidants found in numerous medicinal plants (MPs) play a crucial role in counteracting the detrimental impacts of oxidative stress. MPs contains polyphenols and flavonoids, which serve as scavengers for free radicals, mitigating oxidative stress and offering potential as alternative treatments for a range of human ailments. The significance of this study lies in its chromatographic spectrum identification, providing a in-depth exploration of the antioxidant capacities and toxicological profiles within the genetic resources of Argyrolobium arabicum. This study described the chromatographic, spectroscopic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective actions of A. arabicum leaves collected from arid zones of Saudi Arabia. Argyrolobium arabicum chromatographic separations of bioactive compounds (HPLC detection isolate prominent compounds D-Pinitol and vitexin) and GC–MS spectra identified five phenolics and six flavonoids organic compounds. FT-IR spectroscopy revealed prominent functional group of alcohols and carboxylic acids bonds stretching. The hepatic toxicity and protective effects were notably administrated of A. arabicum extracts at a dosage of 300 mg/kg, leading to the restoration of ALT levels to 51 (U/L), AST levels to 71.6 (U/L), ALP levels to 169 U/L, and total bilirubin levels to 0.58 (g/dL), which had been altered by the negative control. This research basically contributing to the understanding of medicinally important A. arabicum potential applications in pharmaceutical and environmental fields and used as to elucidate the complex genomic mechanisms explaining the bioactivity and safety of medicinal species.
... Beyond its biofuel potential, jatropha oil exhibits various pesticidal properties, including fungicidal, molluscicidal, insecticidal, and nematicidal effects, making it a viable biopesticide. Notably, jatropha oil has demonstrated efficacy in managing insect pests that afflict cotton, such as the cotton bollworm, as well as pests affecting crops like pulses, potatoes, and maize (Souto et al. 2021). Utilizing jatropha oil, its extracts and phorbol esters as natural pesticides presents a viable and eco-friendly alternative to potentially harmful chemical counterparts. ...
The agricultural industry generates vast quantities of non-edible residues from crop cultivation and processing, amounting to billions of tons. These residues pose global challenges related to pollution, management, and economic implications. Consequently, various strategies have emerged to harness the potential of agricultural and industrial remnants as valuable sources for valuable products such as biopesticides. In modern agriculture, safeguarding plants necessitates the extensive application of pesticides. These substances have contributed to higher crop yields and streamlined cultivation practices and protection methods by effectively managing destructive organisms. Nevertheless, this has resulted in the buildup of pesticides in agricultural produce and the surrounding environment, leading to contamination of the ecosystem and the onset of detrimental health consequences. The utilization of biopesticides derived from natural compounds is acknowledged as a viable alternative to conventional pesticide use. This book chapter provides insights into the utilization of agricultural waste as source material for biopesticide production, considering their production potential derived from agricultural waste materials using recent technologies.
... For integrated control of pests and diseases, environmentally friendly control alternatives are needed, can be made by farmers using materials available in nature, and are cheap. One effective and efficient alternative for controlling pests and diseases is to use pesticides derived from plants, known as botanical pesticides [9]. ...
An experiment to study the effect of synthetic and botanical pesticide and arbuscular mycorrhizae (AMF) on mycorrhizal colonization, population of soil microbes, growth and yield of maize on Ultisols was carried out in green house of Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran at Jatinangor, Sumedang District, West Java Indonesia The experiment design used was Factorial Randomized Block, consisted two factors. The first factor was pesticide consisted five levels i.e. without pesticide; neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) pesticide; Annona muricata pesticide ; furadan and regent. The second factor was mycorrhiza consisted two levels i.e. without AMF inoculation and AMF inoculation. The experiment consisted two units with three replications; the first unit was harvested in the end of vegetative period to observe percentage of mycorrhizal infection, population of soil bacteria and fungi, fosfor uptake and dry weight of shoot, and the second unit was harvested in the end of generative period to find out the yield of maize. The results of this experiment showed that there was no interaction effect between pesticide and AMF on percentage of mycorrhizal infection, population of soil bacteria and fungi, fosfor uptake, dry weight of shoot and yield of maize. Pesticide decreased percentage of mycorrhizal infection and population of soil bacteria and increased yield of maize. Furthermore, AMF increased fosfor uptake and yield of maize.
... Compounds extracted from biological origins contain chemicals like terpenes, alkaloids, quinines, aldehydes, amino acids, saccharides, and flavonoids. These compounds are ecologically important as they are used commercially for antifeedant, nematicide, insecticide and fungicide products (Souto et al., 2021). From 1939 to 1962, the world focused on synthetic pesticides like 1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanol and 2-bis(4chlorophenyl)-ethane (Jarman & Ballschmiter, 2012). ...
Presently, the world is using eco-friendly products to limit pollution in soil, air, water, and marine environments and to mitigate rapid climate change according to the sustainable development goals of the United Nations Development Programme. As a result, most countries attempt to produce environmentally friendly herbicides, fertilizers, and pesticides from plants, algae (e.g., Cladophora glomerata, Laurencia pinnata, Plocamium cartilagineum, Polcamium spp.) or animal manure. Plants, such as Anethum sowa, Thymus vulgaris, Foeniculum vul-
gare, Syzygium aromaticum, Pinus sylvestris, Citrus spp., Piper spp. and Mentha spicata, are ecofriendly sources of essential oils, containing safe components, which can resist harmful pests. This review evaluates the common plants and algae used for extracting
biopesticides, geographical distribution, target pests, mode of action, and commercial viability
... Compounds extracted from biological origins contain chemicals like terpenes, alkaloids, quinines, aldehydes, amino acids, saccharides, and flavonoids. These compounds are ecologically important as they are used commercially for antifeedant, nematicide, insecticide and fungicide products (Souto et al., 2021). From 1939 to 1962, the world focused on synthetic pesticides like 1,1,1-trichloro-2-propanol and 2-bis(4chlorophenyl)-ethane (Jarman & Ballschmiter, 2012). ...
Presently, the world is using eco-friendly products to limit pollution in soil, air, water, and marine environments and to mitigate rapid climate change according to the sustainable development goals of the United Nations Development Programme. As a result, most countries attempt to produce environmentally friendly herbicides, fertilizers, and pesticides from plants, algae (e.g., Cladophora glomerata, Laurencia pinnata, Plocamium cartilagineum, Polcamium spp.) or animal manure. Plants, such as Anethum sowa, Thymus vulgaris, Foeniculum vulgare, Syzygium aromaticum, Pinus sylvestris, Citrus spp., Piper spp. and Mentha spicata, are ecofriendly sources of essential oils, containing safe components, which can resist harmful pests. This review evaluates the common plants and algae used for extracting biopesticides, geographical distribution, target pests, mode of action, and commercial viability.
... Not only do these chemicals harm the intended target pests, but they also negatively affect non-target organisms such as fish, birds, bees, and humans. The contamination of soil, water, and air can have longlasting harmful effects, leading to the endangerment of many species (Souto et al., 2021). Additionally, using synthetic pesticides has resulted in the development of pesticide-resistant pests, creating a vicious cycle that further damages the environment and threatens biodiversity. ...
... Unlike synthetic pesticides, these pesticides are biodegradable and do not accumulate in the environment. They also have a lower toxicity level for non-target organisms such as beneficial insects, birds, and mammals (Souto et al., 2021). Additionally, plant-based pesticides tend to target specific pests, so they do not harm other organisms in the ecosystem. ...
... They represent an eco-friendly control method that is nontoxic to mammals, non-phytotoxic and can be degraded after a short time so there is no need for the pre-harvest interval (Souto et al., 2021) and they could be applied alone or as a part of pest management programs (Campion et al., 1977). ...
... Different tribal or traditional cultural groups around the world were reported to have used extracts from plants, parts of plants or the whole plants for centuries (Grdiša and Gršić, 2013;Pavela, 2016;Souto et al., 2021). Subsistence and transitional farmers still use botanicals in the traditional pest management to protect crop both in the field and under storage condition (Belmain et al., 2013;Dougoud et al., 2019). ...
... Indians have been using neem for centuries (Lybrand et al., 2020). The use of rotenone, a type of isoflavonoid which is commonly obtained from species of Derris, Lonchocarpus and Rhododendron, has been reported in South America, East Indies and Malaya (Souto et al., 2021). Sabadilla (Schoenocaulon officinale (Schltdl. ...
The unrestrained use of artificial pesticides over the years has strictly affected the function and dynamics of the ecosystem. The plants are a valuable store providing natural secondary metabolites that can be used as alternative pesticides that are non- pollutive, inexhaustible, everlasting, locally available, simply accessible, environment-friendly and comparatively profitable. It is against this background that scientists have made relentlessly effort to come up with botanicals that can be used as pesticides. The use of botanicals as pesticides has witnessed a rapid expansion in recent years. Plant extracts like nicotine were some of the earliest agricultural botanicals used as early as 17th century. An increasing number of experiments on bio-pesticides occurred in the rapid institutional growth of agricultural research of the early 20th century. Revival in academic and industrial research with a view to developing bio-pesticides transpired in response to increasing costs related with the overexploitation of artificial chemicals. The emergence of novel bio-pesticides has persistently increased since the mid-1990s. Nowadays more and better botanicals are used as pesticides. However, bio-pesticides or botanicals have their limitations some of which include its slower rate of kill in comparison to orthodox chemical pesticides, shorter persistence in the environment and susceptibility to unfavourable environmental conditions. For effective use of bio-pesticides there is need for knowledge-intensive management systems. Plant protection biologists have a sole duty to facilitate an understanding of bio-pesticide efficacy and as well ensure that innovation and knowledge are properly disseminated towards the progress and implementation of sustainable approaches.
