FIG 5 - uploaded by Grzegorz J. Wolski
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Plagiothecium succulentum f. propaguliferum specimens from North America (from A. J. Grout, NY 00506521). A. Leaf apex. B-D. Cells exhibiting shape and dimensions from three different leaf zones. B. Distal zone. C. Mid zone. D. Basal zone. E. Stem leaf of the examined species. (Scale in μm.)
Source publication
At the beginning of the twentieth century, Plagiothecium nemorale s.l. and P. succulentum, both belonging to P. sect. Orthophyllum, were considered to be distributed across almost the entire Northern Hemisphere. However, in the mid-twentieth century these taxa were recircumscribed resulting in their exclusion from the North American bryoflora and r...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... dark golden to brown, very glossy. Stems to 2-2.5 cm long, complanate-foliate, in cross-section rounded, with a diameter of 367-534 μm, central strand developed, epidermal cells 10.4-25.4 × 18.8-35.2 μm, parenchyma thin-walled, 24.2-52.8 × 23.4-58 μm; leaves spreading, in dry condition shrunken, complanate, symmetrical, ovate-lanceolate (Fig. 5); at the middle of the stem 3.20-3.60 × 1.40-1.53 mm, those near the stem apex much smaller, tapering to a narrow acuminate, entire apex; costae 2, extending to half of leaf length, reaching 0.76-1 mm; laminal cells linear-rhomboidal, linear-hexagonal, overlapping, not in transverse rows, their size depends on the location on the leaf, ...
Context 2
... mm; laminal cells linear-rhomboidal, linear-hexagonal, overlapping, not in transverse rows, their size depends on the location on the leaf, the longest in the middle part of the leaf, the widest at the base, apical cells 162.2-252.1 × 17-21.7 μm, those at mid-leaf 176.6-264.5 × 17.7-19.6 μm, those toward the insertion 168-273.5 × 27.6-35.8 μm (Fig. 5); decurrencies of 2-3 rows of rectangular cells, 25-63.9 × 14.5-25.6 μm. Sporophytes unknown in North America. D i s t r i b u t i o n a n d h a b i t a t . -D u r i n g this research, specimens of Plagiothecium succulentum f. propaguliferum were noted only from one locality in eastern North America (U.S.A., Vermont) (Fig. 6), where it ...
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Citations
... These specimens also represent a unique set of features hitherto unknown in the Northern or Southern Hemispheres (Ireland 1986(Ireland , 1992(Ireland , 2001Buck and Ireland 1989;Buck 1998;Wolski et al. 2021). Decurrencies, composed of spherically inflated cells, asymmetric, concave leaf or the dimensions of the cells distinguish P. higuchii from the common Northern Hemisphere P. nemorale (Wolski 2020;Wolski and Nowicka-Krawczyk 2020). On the other hand, this feature indicates a similarity with representatives of Plagiothecium section Plagiothecium, because taxa from this section usually have a wide decurrency with a group of cells more or less clearly inflated (Wynns et al. 2018). ...
... The taxa from the Northern Hemisphere most similar to P. higuchii would be: P. denticulatum, P. platyphyllum Mönk. or P. ruthei Limpr., however, they differ in the arrangement of the leaves on the stem, in the shape and dimensions of the leaf, and the dimensions of the leaf cells, which shows the striking distinctiveness of the examined material against the previously described taxa (Ireland 1986(Ireland , 1992Buck 1998;Wolski 2020;Wolski and Nowicka-Krawczyk 2020;Wolski et al. 2021). ...
A revision of specimens of Plagiothecium deposited in the herbarium of Pakistan Museum of Natural History (PMNH) collected during a Japanese lead project on Cryptogams in the Western Himalaya (Pakistan) shows that the material consists of five taxa. Of the studied samples, the most common taxa were from the P. denticulatum complex, including Plagiothecium denticulatum var. obtusifolium, new to Pakistan. Examination of the rest of the collection showed that it consists of specimens with a unique combination of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of their gametophyte. For example, for small plants, with small asymmetrical, folded leaves, gradually tapering into long, acuminate, not denticulate apex, whose leaf cells are long and narrow, making the cell areolation tight, the name Plagiothecium filifolium is proposed. For other plants with large leaves, loosely arranged on the stem, concave, symmetrical to slightly asymmetrical, with denticulate apex and long decurrency composed of rectangular and spherical, inflated cells, the name Plagiothecium higuchii is proposed. However, within this material, specimens differ in terms of the length and width of the leaf cells and therefore, within this taxon, two varieties are distinguished: Plagiothecium higuchii var. higuchii and Plagiothecium higuchii var. brevicellum.
... In addition, he proposed many synonyms, including P. curvifolium with P. laetum, which has led to a significant reduction in the number of taxa recognized in this genus from North America. This point of view was adopted and maintained in this area over the next decades [32,33], and it did not change until the beginning of the 21 st century [2,34]. ...
Supported by the examination of specimens from the entire range and by the analysis of
type specimens and the diagnosis of individual names, morphological and genetic studies of the Plagiothecium curvifolium complex resulted in the conclusion that this taxon should be recognized as four separate taxa. In addition to P. curvifolium s.str., there is a variety that is proposed as a new combination–P. curvifolium var. recurvum; resurrection of the forgotten P. decursivifolium; and the description of a new species–P. imbricatum. The features that distinguish individual taxa focus primarily on: plant size; arrangement of leaves on the stem; the symmetry, dimensions, shape, concavity and folding of leaves; cell length; serration of the leaf apex; the shape of the decurrencies; the length of the sporophyte and the shape of the operculum. For all described taxa, the distribution, ecological preferences, key to their identification and detailed photographic documentation have been provided.
... obtusifolium; P. nemorale from P. longisetum; or P. nemorale from P. succulentum (Wilson) Lindb, whereas, P. denticulatum and P. nemorale have a clearly serrate apex, and P. denticulatum var. obtusifolium, P. longisetum and P. succulentum are non-serrate [2,3,9,12,14,63]. ...
... The abovementioned features are very helpful in the analysis of material from Plagiothecium, and their clear variability may be a premise for further detailed taxonomic studies of individual taxa. However, one of the most important taxonomical features separating the species of Plagiothecium are the dimensions of the cells from the middle part of the leaf, [2,9,12,14,63]. Within the P. cavifolium complex, species with long (over 101 µm) cells (P. cavifolium sensu stricto, P. ikegamii, P. otii, P. sakuraii) and short (less than 100 µm) cells (P. ...
... P. nemorale and P. longisetum or P. nemorale and P. succulentum. The first is characterized by cells shorter than 100 µm, while P. longisetum and P. succulentum have much longer cells, [2,3,9,14,63]. ...
In the Northern Hemisphere, Plagiothecium cavifolium is currently one of the most widely distributed species. This taxon has been described as extremely variable for decades, but the reasons for this variability have not been investigated in detail. The analysis of original materials and diagnoses, as well as a detailed analysis of the history of names considered as synonyms of P. cavifolium sensu lato, showed that in terms of qualitative and quantitative characteristics, a number of the names of this complex differ significantly from the diagnosis of Hypnum cavifolium (basionym of P. cavifolium). The most important features distinguishing individual taxa include: julaceous stems; imbricate leaves, their symmetry, concavity; serration of leaf apices; the length of the cells from the middle part of the leaf; and the orientation of the capsules. Thus, the research conducted within P. cavifolium sensu lato made it possible to distinguish seven separate taxa: P. cavifolium (= P. cavifolium sensu stricto), P. flaccidum, P. tenue (being a new combination), P. ikegamii, P. subjulaceum, P. sakuraii and P. otii (four resurrected species). In addition, the analysis of original materials and the diagnosis of several taxa allowed them to be excluded from the described complex, and here we propose their
synonymization with other taxa, such as P. longisetum and Hygrohypnum luridum. Photographic documentation and a key to distinguishing species within the described complex are attached. For two names (P. sakuraii and P. succulentum var. longifolium) lectotypes are proposed.
... sylvaticum), did not analyze the original materials of this taxon. Also, while Iwatsuki (1970) did not cite herbarium specimens (original material) of P. neglectum, his proposed synonymization of this taxon with P. nemorale has nevertheless been widely accepted (e.g., Lewinsky 1974;Koponen et al. 1977;Gangulee 1980;Corley et al. 1981;Iwatsuki 1991Iwatsuki , 2004Suzuki 2016;Wolski 2020), and although this proposal was based only on Figure 207c (Mönkemeyer 1927), it was made correctly as this figure is listed in the protologue only. ...
In the protologue of Plagiothecium neglectum, Mönkemeyer (1927) does not indicate any herbarium specimen
as a type. The author only gave a short description and attached a figure illustrating selected features
of this taxon. The original materials from the Mönkemeyer collection were deposited in the HBG herbarium;
however, it is not currently possible to determine their location. Furthermore, one specimen of
P. neglectum, currently known from the original Mönkemeyer collections, was found in the Herbarium B
(B 30 0105646). The features given in the diagnosis of this taxon are consistent with those of the lectotype
of Stereodon nemoralis Mitt.; only the leaf apex from Figure 207c (Mönkemeyer 1927) is different and thus
suggests mixed material. According to Art. 9.1 of the Shenzhen Code, Figure 207c represents a holotype of
P. neglectum. However, due to differences in the leaf apex and according to Art. 9.3 of the Shenzhen Code,
the part representing the apex should be excluded from the holotype, and the remainder of Figure 207c is
consequently designated as a lectotype of the name P. neglectum. However, because the lectotype does not
include a complete set of significant distinguishing features, an epitype (B 30 0105646) was designated.
... The results of taxonomic revisions conducted in recent years indicate the underestimation of the species richness of individual parts of the world. As a consequence of this research, many countries and regions have increased their number of known taxa of the described genus (e.g., Ellis et al. 2019a;Ellis et al. 2019b;Ellis et al. 2020Ellis et al. , 2021Müller and Wynns 2020;Wolski and Nowicka-Krawczyk 2020;Wolski 2020). ...
... Symmetrical leaves are typical, e.g., for species from sect. Orthophyllum (e.g., P. nemorale, P. cavifolium) (Lewinsky 1974;Smith 2001;Li and Ireland 2008;Wynns 2015;Wolski 2020). Also, leaves of P. schofieldii are clearly longer and wider than those of all the species mentioned above (Smith 2001;Li and Ireland 2008). ...
Plagiothecium schofieldii sp. nov. is described from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, U.S.A. Some morphological features of this species correspond to P. lamprostachys (Southern Hemisphere species); however, Plagiothecium schofieldii is genetically and morphologically different from this and other common Northern Hemisphere species e.g., P. denticulatum, P. platyphyllum, or P. ruthei. The most important distinguishing
morphological features differentiating this species are: the arrangement of the leaves on the stem; dimensions, concavity and symmetry of the leaves; dimensions of cells and their areolation; orientation of capsules. Additionally, due to the strong concavity of the leaves, they are very often badly damaged under the microscope. We present the results of DNA research of the analyzed samples, and a detailed description of the morphological features. The new species is illustrated, and its ecological preferences and currently known geographical distribution are presented. Additionally, the authors propose to add this species to Plagiothecium section, which is confirmed by morphological features and genetic analysis.
... From Poland (from where it was described), this species was recorded mainly in deciduous forests (e.g., eutrophic swamp forests Ribeso nigri-Alnetum Sol. [191]. ...
... Distribution. Apart from Eurasia, this species is also reported from North America (Canada, USA) [191]. 22. Plagiothecium neckeroideum Schimp. ...
... The species is quite common in Eurasia [27]. It is also reported by Ros et al. [12,47] from North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia) and reported from North America (Canada, USA) [27,191]. 29. Plagiothecium noricum Molendo ex Limpr. ...
An annotated checklist of the pleurocarpous moss genus Plagiothecium in Eurasia is presented for the first time based on a thorough review of the literature. Data have been compiled from previous relevant works conducted on the genus over more than 70 years and published up to the end of June 2020 for 107 Eurasian countries (and islands). Sectional classification is based on molecular phylogeny of the genus published recently. A total of 41 taxa are reported, including 29 species and 12 infraspecific taxa (nine varieties and three forms) belonging to eight sections. The highest numbers
of taxa were found in China (20 taxa), the Russian Federation (20 taxa) and Japan (18 taxa), while the smallest numbers of taxa were recorded in the Middle East, Central Asia and the islands area. Not a single species of Plagiothecium was recorded in 26 regions, whereas P. denticulatum, P. nemorale and P. cavifolium turned out to be the most widespread species in the entire study area. They were recorded in most of the surveyed countries and islands. For each accepted taxon, information on relevant literature, synonyms, distribution within Eurasia and globally are provided. Comments on each taxon, ecological preferences, and notes on doubtful records are also included. Additionally, distribution maps for each recognised taxon are supplied. This checklist can enlighten and foster a better understanding of the distribution, diversity, and ecology of Plagiothecium in Eurasia and provides an incentive for future research on the genus.
... The remaining set of features provided by both authors are characteristic of both species: a large plant with a thick turf; loosely arranged and complanate-foliate; large (2.25 mm long and 1.1 mm wide), concave, long-ovate leaves; two costae; an acute to acuminate apex; a developed central strand; thin-wall cells (Brotherus 1927;Iwatsuki 1970 unpubl.;Wolski 2017Wolski , 2018Wolski , 2020Wolski and Nowicka-Krawczyk 2020). ...
... However, at the beginning of the 21 st Century, as a result of a taxonomic revision of P. nemorale sensu lato, Wolski and Nowicka-Krawczyk (2020) proposed the resurrection of P. longisetum, and for it to be treated as separate from P. nemorale, which also was distributed in Eurasia. Subsequent studies have revealed a number of differences between the two species in the micromorphology of their sporophyte; they also documented their presence in North America, thus extending their global range (Wolski 2020;. ...
Plagiothecium mauiense was first described in 1927 by V.F. Brotherus, based on materials from Hawaii. It has, so far been, treated as a separate species. A detailed analysis of the original material housed in the New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY01256708) found the specimen to be characterised by a lack of metallic lustre; concave, asymmetrical, lanceolate to lanceolate-ovate leaves, shrunken in their dry condition ; a straight, not denticulate, acute to apiculate apex; elongate-hexagonal cells in irregular transverse rows, 101-131 × 15-21 µm at mid-leaf; very lax areolation, with decurrencies composed of three rows of cells. These characteristics indicate that this species is identical to the original material of P. longisetum (e.g. H-SOL 1563 011; PC0132572). Hence, we propose that P. mauiense should be recognised as a new synonym of P. longisetum. In addition, a review of P. longisetum syntypes found one (H-SOL 1563 011) to have the same date of collection as the protologue, and to possess a quite abundant gametophyte turf with well-preserved sporophytes, indicating it to be fertile. Considering the above, we propose that specimen H-SOL 1563 011 be designated the lectotype of P. longisetum.
... Middle leaf cells are hexagonal to narrowly hexagonal, but their length does not exceed 100 µm. Thus, all the features of the described lectotype (BM 1030713) are within the range of variability for P. nemorale reported from the northern hemisphere (Wolski 2017(Wolski , 2020Wolski and Nowicka-Krawczyk 2020). ...
In 1859, William Mitten described Stereodon nemoralis (≡ Plagiothecium nemorale) based on the gathering of Sir J.D. Hooker from India. However, the protologue did not indicate any specific specimen or illustration. For the past 50 years, the original material (NY 913349) deposited at the NY Herbarium has been considered as the holotype. However, this assumption has since been found to be incorrect, because in the Herbarium
of The Natural History Museum exists other original material of this species (BM 1030713), collected by Hooker. In addition, the specimen from NY Herbarium is in poor condition and its most important diagnostic characters are not visible. In contrast, the material from BM Herbarium is in very good condition, and therefore it is herein designated as the lectotype. Also, the paper describes the resolution of this type, a process complicated by changes that had occurred in the provisions of subsequent botanical Codes.
Plagiothecium talbotii sp. nov. is described from Attu Island, Alaska, U.S.A. The newly-described species is not similar in appearance to any Northern Hemisphere species; only the habit is similar to P. platyphyllum. However, it not only occupies a different habitat than that species, but genetically and morphologically, it is clearly distinct from it. The results of DNA sequencing, a detailed description of the morphological features, illustrations, ecological preferences and currently known geographical distribution of P. talbotii are presented. The most important distinguishing morphological features of this species are: the size of the plant; dimensions and symmetry of the leaves; dimensions of cells and their areolation; entire leaf apex; and long decurrencies with some inflated cells. Additionally, we propose to place P. talbotii in section
Plagiothecium, which is confirmed by genetic analysis and morphological features.
