Figure 3 - uploaded by Blaza Stojanovic
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Strict requirements that are put on mechanical constructions from the aspect of increase of exploitation periods and reduction of their weights, therefore of their prices as well, implicate developments and applications of new composite materials with matrices of lightweight metals. Composite materials with
metal matrices are used for engine cylind...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... matrices composites with ceramic reinforcements used for production of pistons have significantly higher resistance to wear in relation to materials used for matrices. Simultaneously, pistons have small values of thermal expansion coefficients that provide use of narrow tolerances, so that it results in increasing of maximal allowed pressures and improved thermal conductivity properties [7]. Lower weights of pistons also have positive influence to beneficial properties of materials in exploitation. Besides that, method of MMC casting is quite simpler than traditional method of piston fabrication. In general, beside higher prices of aluminium materials by units, summary prices of pistons are smaller than pistons made of traditional materials. Large numbers of positive performances of MMC application implicate use of those materials for pistons made. As reinforce materials to metal matrices silicon carbide (SiC) is usually used especially at race cars. The pistons made of MMC are widely used in Asia and West Europe car producers (Fig. 3). ...
Similar publications
Worldwide is manifested a great interest in producing lightweight parts with different technologies. Among the lightweight materials used in the transport (road, rail or aviation) industry by well-known companies in the field, are also the aluminum composite materials. In the first part of the paper are (i) generally defined composite materials, (i...
Citations
... Aluminium and its composites are used for facades, roofs, windows, and structural components because of its corrosion resistance, strength, and aesthetics. The broad use of aluminium and aluminium composites shows their importance in technical innovation and sustainable growth across industries [7]. ...
... Physical, mechanical and tribological properties of composites been improved by reinforcement using either single or hybrid forms with Rice Husk Ash (RHA), boron carbide (B4C), Coconut shell ash (CSA), Carbon nanotubes (CNT), tungsten carbide (WC), silicon carbide (SiC), silica (SiO2), bamboo ash, bagasse, graphite and alumina (Gr) and alumina (Al2O3). (Vencl,2012;Venclet al., 2014;Stojanovic and Ivanovic, 2015;Stojanovic and Barbic, 2014). ...
Aluminium and its alloys have proven to be highly valuable for a variety of technical applications due to its superior strength-to-weight ratio and exceptional corrosion resistance. As a result, there are numerous financial and environmental advantages to recycling it. The goal of this work is to significantly expand the engineering uses of recycled aluminium alloy by improving its mechanical characteristics by treatment with of MnO2. 30 kg of recyclable scrap aluminium alloy was initially acquired for the investigation in the form of ingots. Then, 5 kg of each was re-melted in three distinct samples. The first sample was re-melted and then left to cool naturally without any further intervention. 24g of dark powder from a dry cell thrown away was applied to the second sample, and 24g of MnO2 was applied to the third. Every sample underwent standard cooling procedures. The samples were then subjected to impact, tensile, and hardness testing by ASTM E8M-91 standard test protocols. The three samples were also subjected to XRD analysis. The sample treated with MnO2 had the highest hardness value, measuring 124 HV; the sample treated with powder from a discarded battery came in second, with 108.33 HV. With 99.30 HV, the control sample had the lowest value. The control sample had the highest UTS value of 92.74 MPa, the MnO2-treated sample had a UTS value of 68.23 MPa, and the sample treated with discarded battery powder had the lowest UTS value of 30.71 MPa. The control sample had the maximum impact strength value of 12.20 Joules, the discarded battery powder treated sample had an impact strength value of 11.96 Joules, and the MnO2-treated sample had an impact strength value of 11.32 Joules. The results of the study show that the recycled aluminium alloy becomes harder when MnO2 is added. Nevertheless, the inclusion of MnO2 shows a notable decline in the UTS of recycled aluminium alloy as well as a minor decrease in its impact strength.
... Although the production cost of metal matrix composites is reported to be higher than that of steel [10][11][12], the advantages of aluminum matrix composites, such as lighter weights, The incorporation of a hard SiC reinforcing phase into the aluminum matrix stands out as a pivotal strategy for significantly enhancing the abrasive wear resistance. This improvement is notably proportional to the escalating content of the reinforcing phase [34][35][36]. ...
The purpose of this work was to consolidate the eco-friendly Al–SiC composites prepared with various weight fractions of ceramic particles (0; 2.5; 5; 10; 15 wt.% SiC) in the energy-saving sintering process under vacuum and in a nitrogen atmosphere at 600 °C. The density of the manufactured composites was determined using Archimedes’ method. The mechanical properties and strength characteristics of the metal–ceramic interface were measured using three-point flexural and uniaxial compression tests, as well as the Brinell hardness measurement. The tribological properties were evaluated by determining the coefficients of friction and weight losses of the tested materials and identifying the tribological wear mechanisms. Advanced microstructural observation methods, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were used to analyze the microstructure of the composites in detail, including the identification of the phase composition using X-ray analysis methods. Low-cost composites with a porosity not exceeding 7% were successfully produced via energy-saving production routes. Simultaneously, owing to the formation of aluminum nitrides during sintering in a nitrogen atmosphere, these composites exhibited mechanical and tribological properties superior to those of materials sintered under vacuum.
... In aerospace and aviation, it is used to make fuselages, wings, and engine parts due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and minimal fatigue; in the field of defense, military vehicles, ships, and equipment are manufactured due to their strength and longevity. Automotive sectors utilize aluminum and its alloys to produce engine blocks, wheels, and body components to improve fuel economy and reduce weight [1][2][3]. Similarly, in the field of electronics, it is used to make heat sinks, circuit boards, and casings due to their corrosion resistance and thermal conductivity [4]. Aluminum composites are in great demand in various sectors, including aerospace, automotive, and defense, due to their lightweight and high specific strength [5][6][7]. ...
... Microhardness of Al-B 4 C FGCM has been evaluated at different locations (1,3,6,9,12, and 15 mm) from outer to inner region as per ASTM E384. Test specimen's surfaces were emery polished to eliminate fine scratches. ...
... Various types of reinforcing phase (RP) are incorporated to enhance the hardness and wear resistance of the softer matrix in AMMCs. Ceramic materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) [19][20][21][22], alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) [19,[23][24][25], boron carbide (B 4 C) [26], titanium carbide (TiC) [27,28], and graphite (Gr) [29,30] are some of the most commonly used RP materials due to their excellent tribological behavior. In particular, SiC is an appropriate option for reinforcing AMMCs due to its high tensile and compressive strength, hardness, stiffness, and thermal stability, as well as its excellent wear resistance. ...
This research investigates the tribological behavior of advanced open-cell porous AlSi10Mg-SiC composites fabricated using the novel replication method of NaCl space holders. These composite materials have potential applications in lightweight and high-strength structures that require high resistance to friction and wear. The composites were tested using a pin-on-disk method under dry sliding-friction conditions at ambient temperature, with a sliding velocity of 1.0 m·s −1 and an applied load of 50 N. The resulting wear parameters, including the coefficient of friction (COF) and mass wear, provided quantitative measures of the tribological behavior. Microstructural observations of the worn composite surfaces were carried out using scanning-electron microscopy (SEM) to study the wear mechanisms, and an elemental analysis was performed using X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) to examine the elemental composition. The results showed that the AlSi10Mg-SiC composites had lower mass wear and COF than the open-cell porous AlSi10Mg material under the same experimental conditions. Three different machine learning (ML) models were employed to predict the COF of the composites, and their performances were evaluated using the R2, MSE, RMSE, and MAE metrics on the validation and test sets.
... Liu et al. and Du et al. [30,31] found that with the increase in load or temperature, the wear mechanism of Al 2 O 3 and carbon short fiber-reinforced Al-12Si alloy hybrid composites changed from furrow wear to severe adhesive wear, and the wear loss continued to increase. Al-Si/CF self-lubricating composites are mainly considered to be used in the manufacture of moving parts, such as pistons, bearing bushes, brake rotors, brake discs, and bearings [32,33]. The effect of rotational speed on the tribological properties of these rotating parts cannot be ignored. ...
Porous carbon fiber-reinforced Al-Si alloy matrix composites and carbon fiber felt-reinforced Al-Si alloy matrix composites with carbon content of 10 wt.% were prepared by die casting. The dry tribological properties of these two composites and Al-Si alloy were studied using a ball-on-disc rotational tribometer in the rotational speed range of 300 r/min to 1000 r/min, and the wear mechanisms were analyzed in combination with the wear morphology. The results show that the friction coefficient and wear rate of these two composites are lower than the Al-Si alloy at different speeds. With the increase in rotational speed, the friction coefficient of the two composites and Al-Si alloy first increases and then decreases, and the wear rate gradually increases. The wear mechanisms of the two composites and Al-Si alloy change from abrasive wear and adhesive wear to delamination wear, but the node speed of the change in the wear mechanism of the composites to delamination wear is higher, and the wear degree is relatively slight. In addition, the comprehensive tribological properties of carbon fiber felt-reinforced Al-Si alloy matrix composites are better than the porous carbon fiber-reinforced Al-Si alloy matrix composites.
... Though aluminum and aluminum alloys are more expensive than standard materials, it is equally true that a decrease in price can be achieved by increasing their quantities in production and additionally by enlarging the area of their usage. It has been established by research that globally, 4.1 and 4.4 million kilograms of MMC were used, respectively, in 2007 and 2008 [27]. It was projected that for 2013, the demand would be 5.9 million kilograms with an annual increase of 5.5%. ...
The wear debris from conventional brake pads is a growing source of environmental contamination that often leads to life-threatening diseases for human beings. Though the emerging organic brake pads show potential to serve as an eco-friendly alternative, their mechanical and tribological properties are not adequate to withstand the demands of high-wear resistance of a functioning braking system under regular use. Metal matrix composites have served as an optimal solution with minimal environmental pollution and appreciable physical properties. Owing to the popularity of aluminium metal matrix composites, the present study is based on the fabrication and characterization of SiC-reinforced LM6 alloy through stir casting methodologies for evaluating its worthiness in application as a brake pad material. Microstructural, compositional, and phase characterizations were executed through optical micrography, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. Although mechanical properties were evaluated through surface hardness investigation, parallel thermal properties were estimated through thermal conductivity evaluation. Finally, the execution of tribological analysis and precise microstructural observations of wear track at ambient and elevated temperatures helped in establishing the datum that the fabricated metal matrix composite (MMC) is a reliable brake pad material alternative.
... Most of the components of automobiles are made of metal matrix composites. Due to the excellent lubricating properties of graphene, graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites have good wear resistance and can be used for manufacturing cylinder liners, pistons, bearing surfaces, pistons, camshafts, tappets, lifters, rockers, brake calipers, brake components [226][227][228]. ...
The excellent mechanical and lubricant property make graphene an ideal enhanced phase for high-performance composites. Graphene metal matrix composites with good structural mechanical and tribological properties have a wide range of applications in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and biomedical fields. However, some problems exist in preparing high-performance metal matrix composites including poor wettability between graphene and metal matrix, and weak interfacial bonding strength. Efficient methods for preparing graphene metal matrix parts with high performance still need to be further developed. Meanwhile, the study of the tribological behavior of graphene-reinforced metal matrix composites is rather limited, and the poor wear resistance is a limiting factor for a wide range of applications. In this paper, the properties of graphene are reviewed and the applications of graphene are discussed with specific examples. The methods of preparing high-performance metal matrix composites are reviewed and the main challenges were analyzed, and the mechanical and tribological properties of graphene metal matrix composites are discussed with emphasis. The research directions and application trends of graphene metal matrix composites have been prospected.
... To provide improved wear resistance and hardness to the softer matrix of the AMMCs, various types of reinforcing phases (RP) are introduced. Some of the most frequently used as RP materials, having excellent tribological behavior, are ceramic materials such as alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) [22][23][24][25][26], silicon carbide (SiC) [22,[27][28][29][30], graphite (Gr) [31], boron carbide (B 4 C) [32] and titanium carbide (TiC) [33,34]. Due to its high thermal stability, good corrosion and excellent wear resistance, alumina can be considered a convenient option for reinforcement of AMMCs [35]. ...
In this study, advanced open-cell porous AlSi10Mg-Al2O3 composites have been successfully fabricated by replication of NaCl space holders. The tribological behavior under dry sliding conditions at room temperature of composites with different pore sizes was studied via the pin-on-disk method, and wear parameters, such as the coefficient of friction (COF) and mass wear, were determined. Micro-hardness tests have been performed to investigate the change in mechanical properties after the processing of the composite materials. Microstructural observation was conducted by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) along with chemical micro-analysis using an X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) system. The obtained results revealed that the investigated AlSi10Mg-Al2O3 composites possess lower COF and mass wear than the open-cell porous AlSi10Mg material when subjected to the same test conditions. Furthermore, it was also reported that the effect of pore size is insignificant to the COF, and in relation to mass wear, the composite material with the larger pores shows better results.
... Examples of the current application areas and advantages of AMCs and HAMCs.1. Automotive components[63,139] 2. Aerospace components (i) AMC piston connecting rod reinforced with SiC AMCs for aircraft landing gear. Adapted from ...
Hybrid reinforced particulate aluminum matrix composite materials (HAMCs) are a breakthrough kind of material made by combining two or more distinct reinforcing components in the aluminum (Al) matrix. Composites with many reinforcing phases offer a superior overall mix of characteristics than composites with only one. This article’s wide literature review of metal matrix composite (MMC) especially for aluminum matrix composites (AMC) was carried out. Discussions of various widely adopted synthesis methods such as stir casting and powder metallurgy have been presented. The effect of various reinforcement ceramic particles such as silicon carbide (SiC), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), graphite (Gr) on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of MMC has been reviewed. The summary of various characterizations such as X-ray diffraction (X-RD), and optical microscopy (OM) including testing such as hardness, tensile, compressive, and tribological behavior has been discussed in detail to demonstrate a full grasp of the many features of HAMCs, such as manufacturing, physicomechanical properties, wear, and corrosion characteristics. Future developments and potentially useful materials as alternative reinforcements are discussed at the end of the review.
