Figure 1 - uploaded by Kok Bc
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
The piezoelectric cymbal transducer (PCT) is auspiciously identified as the best design for piezoelectric energy harvesting, particularly in high stress conditions. It is designed to harvest the ambient mechanical stress and vibration that ubiquitously exist in our environment into electrical energy. In this paper, a PCT structure is examined for i...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... be absorbed and simultaneously incurs extension or contraction vibration onto the piezoelectric element. It comprises of a poled piezoelectric disk (fully electrodes on top and bottom surface) which is sandwich with both truncated cone-shaped metal end caps, each containing a shallow air-filled cavity on their inner surface [1][2][3] as shown in Fig. 1. The cavity design allows the cone-shaped metal end caps to act as mechanical transformers for transforming and amplifying a portion of the incident axial- direction stress into tangential and radial stresses of the opposite sign. Moreover, the metal end caps magnify the circumferential force onto the piezoelectric disk and increases ...
Context 2
... force onto the piezoelectric disk and increases the elastic strain energy stored in the piezoelectric disk for energy harvesting [3]. A PZT ceramics piezoelectric material has been used in this research project. Table 2 illustrates the geometric properties for the PCT structure in which corresponding to the design illustration as depicted in Fig. 1. ...
Similar publications
Thanks to miniaturization, it is now possible to imagine self-powered systems that can harvest energy from the environment to produce electrical energy. Out-of-plane electret-based vibration energy harvesters (E-EVHs) are an effective and inexpensive energy harvester type that has attracted much attention. Increasing the capacitance of variable cap...
![Dimensions of the thermoelectric module TEHP 1263-1.5 (Thermonamic) [20].](profile/Samara-Souza-2/publication/335082665/figure/tbl1/AS:790036471623685@1565370781712/Dimensions-of-the-thermoelectric-module-TEHP-1263-15-Thermonamic-20_Q320.jpg)
The conversion of residual thermal energy into electricity using TEGs (Thermoelectric Generators) arises as a promising technological alternative for increasing energy eciency and power generation. In order to optimize the performance of TEGs, it is known that the maximum output power is obtained by matching the impedances between the TEG and the c...
Human physical activities, viz., walking, jogging, jumping, etc. on piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEH) have a great potential for the generation of free and clean energy. In the present work, an analytical model is developed to study the performance of a z-PEH, and the results were validated with numerical and experimental results. The distincti...
Solar array arcing due to spacecraft charging results in an efficiency loss of solar arrays installed in satellites. In this paper, energy extraction potential from a primary arc up to 0.2 A of 4 µs duration initiated at a triple junction has been investigated using a thermoelectric generator module. The temperature of the primary arc is calculated...
Energy harvesting using ambient energy sources is one of the fast growing trends in the world, research and development in the area of energy harvesting is moving progressively to get maximum power output from the existing resources. The ambient sources of energy available in the nature are solar energy, wind energy, thermal energy, vibrational ene...
Citations
... This material features a high electric conversion but is extremely rigid and brittle [1]; therefore, they are predisposed to fatigue over time [14]. Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) can be installed in pavements using different geometries and ways to apply stress, such as direct compressive strain on PZT piles and disks [15][16][17][18][19][20], cymbal forms [21][22][23], bridges [24][25][26][27], cantilevers [28], and beams fixed at both ends [29]. Another possibility presented is the use of flexible piezoelectric materials, such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) [14] transducers, which avoid fatigue and cracking problems [30]. ...
Road pavements are spread over large areas and convey various possibilities for energy sources such as high thermal gradients due to their materials and colors, wind corridors, large flat areas for solar harvesting, and heavy loading from traffic. The latest advances in road energy generation have been discretely implemented and have mainly focused on photovoltaic surface applications; other studies have explored the use of piezoelectric transducers with high stresses for better energy-production performance but limited life span. This study explores the stresses on pavement surfaces from traffic loading shockwaves that yield to the natural frequency vibration a piezoelectric harvester using a cantilever array. The passing vehicles triggered 16 piezoelectric sensors divided into four embedded steel profiles. The peak electrical power obtained in the experiment was 55.6 µW with a single transducer using a tip mass of 16 g. The proposed harvester demonstrated potential for applications in micro-generation of energy with limited infrastructure modification and high endurance under traffic loading over time. Its generation capacity is around 50 mWh a month with 16 piezoelectric cantilevers installed (for a commercial traffic volume of 1500 vehicles a day), enough to power a 200 m flashing LED raised marker strip to guide drivers for lane alignment during night shifts.
... This situation can also be explained by Newton's principles. [18]. The designed system provides more consistent outputs in the 0-5kHz frequency range. ...
In this study, piezoelectric based compressive type accelerometer has been de-signed by using PZT-5A ceramics with bellewasher type spring. FEA analysis were carried out by using COMSOL. According to COMSOL simulation, reso-nance frequency is nearly 42500 Hz. Sensitivity of the designed sensors were measured and compared each other. Frequency spectrum was between 100Hz-10 kHz. The effects of piezodisk thickness, stiffness of the spring and seismic mass on the sensitivity of the designed sensor were investigated. Voltage output is in-creasing from 4.1 mV/g to 12.7 mV/g while seismic mass is raised from 3 gr to 10 gr. Linearity depending on the frequency of the designed accelerometer was dis-torted above 5.5 kHz like commercial accelerometer. In addition, real-time tests were performed using a calibrated accelerometer and a designed accelerometer on the internal combustion engine and drivetrain. Vibration profiles were carried out randomly. According to the results obtained here, it is observed that all the peaks were matched with a coefficient about 1.3.
... Piezoelectric materials consist of crystals mostly Germanium (Ge) or Silicon (Si) which enable them to produce electricity under vibration or pressure [50]. Among these materials Cymbal is considered a good choice for energy harvesting under high stress environment due to its high durability under large load, medium stiffness, and low cost [51,52]. Zhao et al. (2010) investigated the application of cymbal piezoelectric transducers on pavements and found that the energy generated was of 1.2 mW at 20 Hz for one vehicle passage. ...
The concurrent energy shortages of non-renewable energy resources have directed
attention to the potential of harvesting renewable energy resources from roadway. Strong incentives to a sustainable solution to this problem have led to the design of innovative pavement solar panel technology. This research is based on designing and developing a solar panel for roadway application. The designed prototype consists of a thin film solar panel, a transparent
cover to protect the solar panel and a wooden frame to support the whole configuration. Since the pavement is exposed to solar radiation throughout the daytime, the pavement embedded solar panel will be utilized to harvest the solar energy and store with the integration of storage system and convert into electricity. It should also provide service during power failures in remote areas without electrical utilities. The main challenge of the project is the selection of proper transparent cover since it should bear the traffic loads and should not impair the transparency at
the same time. The types of transparent covers chosen for this study are polycarbonate samples of varying thicknesses, textured glass grit samples, and textured float glass with corundum skid-resistant coating on the surface. The percentage transmittance of each sample was determined using transmittance spectroscopy in the visible light range. The percentage transmittance for the 10 mm, 12 mm, and 16 mm polycarbonate samples were 87%, 84%, and 82%, and for the textured glass
grit sample it was 40% at each wavelength in the visible light range.
The finite element analysis was carried out to replicate the in-situ installation of the solar panels with polycarbonate shield covers to determine the structural feasibility. The prototype panel was subjected to static and dynamic loading and the stress, strain and deflection analysis was performed and compared with a typical pavement model without any transparent cover.
Finite element analysis demonstrated that the panel would not fail by fatigue under the loading condition considered. Power generation data from these solar panels were collected and compared in a wide range of weather conditions and different seasons to assess the relationship of power and other environmental factors such as irradiance, illuminance, temperature, and cloud cover Since the panels were designed for pavement application, the panels were subjected to vehicular loading
during the field tests to determine the decline in the power output due to shading of vehicles. Another purpose of the field test is to analyze whether the transparent covers face any disruption, damage, or failure under the wheel loading. Although polycarbonate samples and textured float glass samples can withstand traffic loads, the textured glass grit sample failed in fracture without any warning of failure under wheel loading. Experimental results also showed that 12-inch × 12-inch pavement solar panels generate an average of 2.2 W in sunny conditions but produce less
power in cloudy conditions. Based on the power production data of SP10 from 12 PM to 6 PM, its feasibility was assessed for utilizing in the smart pedestrian system to lighten the crosswalk and alert the drivers of approaching vehicles.
... This situation can also be explained by Newton's principles. [18]. The designed system provides more consistent outputs in the 0-5kHz frequency range. ...
In this study, piezoelectric based compressive type accelerometer has been de-signed by using PZT-5A ceramics with bellewasher type spring.FEA analysis were carried out by using COMSOL. According to COMSOL simulation, reso-nance frequency is nearly 42500 Hz. Sensitivity of the designed sensors were measured and compared each other. Frequency spectrum was between 100Hz-10 kHz. The effects of piezodisk thickness, stiffness of the spring and seismic mass on the sensitivity of the designed sensor were investigated. Voltage output is in-creasing from 4.1 mV/g to 12.7 mV/g while seismic mass is raised from 3 gr to 10 gr. Linearity depending on the frequency of the designed accelerometer was dis-torted above 5.5 kHz like commercial accelerometer. In addition, real-time tests were performed using a calibrated accelerometer and a designed accelerometer on the internal combustion engine and drivetrain. Vibration profiles were carried out randomly. According to the results obtained here, it is observed that all the peaks were matched with a coefficient about 1.3.
... The studies regarding the application of PEH in pavements can be divided into mathematical analysis (Jiang et al., 2014), numerical simulations (Chua et al., 2014), laboratory tests (Wang et al., 2019a,b) and field tests (Jasim et al., 2019) based on the study methodology. In the mathematical analysis, different models were proposed to analyze the influence factors (loading, vehicle speed, pavement conditions, positions of PEH) of the PEH. ...
The adjustment of energy supply for roadway transportation from traditional fossil-dominated energy to sustainable energy is vital for maintaining energy security and constructing a smart and environment-friendly city. Energy harvesting technology as one of the most promising techniques for renewable energy supply was developed in roadway successfully. However, some limitations still exist to be investigated further, including relatively low energy output, poor compatibility with whole structure, long-term durability. We present a comprehensive analysis of this technology to understand the state-of-the-art progress and required future works for energy harvesting technologies in roadway transportation. Two types of energy harvesting technologies for roadway transportation are categorized and reviewed in this paper, namely energy harvesting from the road and from vehicles. The principles, research focus and applications, existing problems, and further suggestions for each energy harvesting technology are elaborated in detail. In addition, the different energy harvesting technologies are compared in terms of energy output, cost, cost-benefit ratio, and technology readiness level to demonstrate the most probable applications. Moreover, future works on energy harvesting technologies are recommended. According to the current energy output, the most probable future applications are PV cell for driving, mechanical energy for sensors, SC system and GEH for special situations. Multiple-technology hybridization and multifunctionality materials, local condition-based and demand-oriented design and overall coordination are three directions should be focused in the future.
... The studies regarding the application of PEH in pavements can be divided into mathematical analysis (Jiang et al., 2014), numerical simulations (Chua et al., 2014), laboratory tests (Wang et al., 2019a,b) and field tests (Jasim et al., 2019) based on the study methodology. In the mathematical analysis, different models were proposed to analyze the influence factors (loading, vehicle speed, pavement conditions, positions of PEH) of the PEH. ...
The adjustment of energy supply for roadway transportation from traditional fossil-dominated energy to sustainable energy is vital for maintaining energy security and constructing a smart and environment-friendly city. Energy harvesting technology as one of the most promising techniques for renewable energy supply was developed in roadway successfully. However, some limitations still exist to be investigated further, including relatively low energy output, poor compatibility with whole structure, long-term durability. We present a comprehensive analysis of this technology to understand the state-of-the-art progress and required future works for energy harvesting technologies in roadway transportation. Two types of energy harvesting technologies for roadway transportation are categorized and reviewed in this paper, namely energy harvesting from the road and from vehicles. The principles, research focus and applications, existing problems, and further suggestions for each energy harvesting technology are elaborated in detail. In addition, the different energy harvesting technologies are compared in terms of energy output, cost, cost-benefit ratio, and technology readiness level to demonstrate the most probable applications. Moreover, future works on energy harvesting technologies are recommended. According to the current energy output, the most probable future applications are PV cell for driving, mechanical energy for sensors, SC system and GEH for special situations. Multiple-technology hybridization and multifunctionality materials, local condition-based and demand-oriented design and overall coordination are three directions should be focused in the future. Abstract: The adjustment of energy supply for roadway transportation from traditional fossil-dominated energy to sustainable energy is vital for maintaining energy security and constructing a smart and environment-friendly city. Energy harvesting technology as one of the most promising techniques for renewable energy supply was developed in roadway successfully. However, some limitations still exist to be investigated further, including relatively low energy output, poor compatibility with whole structure, long-term durability. We present a comprehensive analysis of this technology to understand the state-of-the-art progress and required future works for energy harvesting technologies in roadway transportation. Two types of energy harvesting technologies for roadway transportation are categorized and reviewed in this paper, namely energy harvesting from the road and from vehicles. The principles, research focus and applications, existing problems, and further suggestions for each energy harvesting technology are elaborated in detail. In addition, the different energy harvesting technologies are compared in terms of energy output, cost, cost-benefit ratio, and technology readiness level to demonstrate the most probable applications. Moreover, future works on energy harvesting technologies are recommended. According to the current energy output, the most probable future applications are PV cell for driving, mechanical energy for sensors, SC system and GEH for special situations. Multiple-technology hybridization and multifunctionality materials, local condition-based and demand-oriented design and overall coordination are three directions should be focused in the future. Abstract: The adjustment of energy supply for roadway transportation from traditional fossil-dominated energy to sustainable energy is vital for maintaining energy security and constructing a smart and environment-friendly city. Energy harvesting technology as one of the most promising techniques for renewable energy supply was developed in roadway successfully. However, some limitations still exist to be investigated further, including relatively low energy output, poor compatibility with whole structure, long-term durability. We present a comprehensive analysis of this technology to understand the state-of-the-art progress and required future works for energy harvesting technologies in roadway transportation. Two types of energy harvesting technologies for roadway transportation are categorized and reviewed in this paper, namely energy harvesting from the road and from vehicles. The principles, research focus and applications, existing problems, and further suggestions for each energy harvesting technology are elaborated in detail. In addition, the different energy harvesting technologies are compared in terms of energy output, cost, cost-benefit ratio, and technology readiness level to demonstrate the most probable applications. Moreover, future works on energy harvesting technologies are recommended. According to the current energy output, the most probable future applications are PV cell for driving, mechanical energy for sensors, SC system and GEH for special situations. Multiple-technology hybridization and multifunctionality materials, local condition-based and demand-oriented design and overall coordination are three directions should be focused in the future.
... Hundreds of microwatts. e.g., 0.9 mW are reported in [25]. Low [25] Silicon-based (MEMS) Power up to tens of picowatts can be obtained. ...
... e.g., 0.9 mW are reported in [25]. Low [25] Silicon-based (MEMS) Power up to tens of picowatts can be obtained. 3.6 pW are reported, e.g., in [26]. ...
... Hundreds of microwatts. e.g., 0.9 mW are reported in [25]. Low [25] Silicon-based (MEMS) Power up to tens of picowatts can be obtained. ...
... e.g., 0.9 mW are reported in [25]. Low [25] Silicon-based (MEMS) Power up to tens of picowatts can be obtained. 3.6 pW are reported, e.g., in [26]. ...
A bio-derived power harvester from mechanical vibrations is here proposed. The harvester aims at using greener fabrication technologies and reducing the dependence from carbon-based fossil energy sources. The proposed harvester consists mainly of biodegradable matters. It is based on bacterial cellulose, produced by some kind of bacteria, in a sort of bio-factory. The cellulose is further impregnated with ionic liquids and covered with conducting polymers. Due to the mechanoelectrical transduction properties of the composite, an electrical signal is produced at the electrodes, when a mechanical deformation is imposed. Experimental results show that the proposed system is capable of delivering electrical energy on a resistive load. Applications can be envisaged on autonomous or quasi-autonomous electronics, such as wireless sensor networks, distributed measurement systems, wearable, and flexible electronics. The production technology allows for fabricating the harvester with low power consumption, negligible amounts of raw materials, no rare elements, and no pollutant emissions.
... Due to the high curvature of the tire at contact patch, it is necessary for the part of the energy harvester connected to the tire to be smaller than 5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm. 25 The stability and durability of Cymbal transducer is proven under high cyclic stress environments such as roadway pavements. 63,64 There is no possibility to use the whole Cymbal design in tire; thus, the geometry of the PEH is inspired from Cymbal shape, and some modifications are applied for embedding a design similar to Cymbal shape on the inner surface of the tire. As shown in Figure 4, only the bottom part of the designed metal layer is connected to the tire inner surface, and the length of the whole part connected to the tire is within the 5-mm limit. ...
Basic parameters affecting vehicle safety and performance such as pressure, temperature, friction coefficient, and contact‐patch dimensions are measured in intelligent tires via sensors that require electric power for operation and wireless communication to be synchronized to the vehicle monitoring and control system. Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) can extract a fraction of energy that is wasted as a result of deflection during rolling of tires, and this extracted energy can be used to power up sensors embedded in intelligent tires. A new design of PEH inspired from Cymbal PEHs is introduced, and its performance is evaluated in this paper. Cymbal PEHs are proven to be useful in vibration energy harvesting, and in this paper, for the first time, the modified shape of Cymbal energy harvester is used as strain‐based energy harvester for the tire application. The shape of the harvester is adjusted in a way that it can be safely embedded on the inner surface of tires. In addition to the high performance, ease of manufacturing is another advantage of this new design. A multiphysics model is developed and validated to determine the output voltage, power, and energy of the designed PEH. The modeling results indicated that the maximum output voltage, the maximum electric power, and the accumulated harvested energy are about 3.5 V, 2.8 mW, and 24 mJ/rev, respectively, which are sufficient to power two sensors. In addition, the possibility is shown to supply power to five sensors by increase in piezoelectric material thickness. The effect of rolling tire temperature on the performance of the proposed PEH is also studied.
... (Continues) high durability under large load, medium stiffness, and low cost and hence is considered as a good choice for harvesting energy under high stress environment such as asphalt pavement. 108,109 Cymbal was developed by Pennsylvania State University in 1990s, which is a composite of thin PZT disk with metal end cap on either sides, as shown in Figure 8. Zhao et al 108 designed a Cymbal for harvesting energy from asphalt pavement, and detailed characterization was done by FE analysis (FEA). 68 Experiments on a small-scale ASC project. ...
Energy harvesting from pavements has been a topic of extensive research in the recent past. This domain has attracted not only the research community but also the industry and governmental authorities. The various sources exploited for energy harvesting from pavements and roadways are solar radiation, mechanical energy dissipated due to moving vehicles and pedestrians, geothermal energy, rainwater, and wind. This article presents an exhaustive and updated review of all potential means of energy harvesting from these sources. Following the introductory section, the article sequentially covers the energy harvesting methods and their research progress, materials, development of practical systems, commercial status, comparison of technologies, challenges, and concluding remarks. This study reveals that there is wide scope for further research and feasibility studies, which could lead to a wide‐spread implementation of the various technologies for energy harvesting from pavements and roads.
"Read only" link: https://rdcu.be/bj26j
