Figure - available from: Child's Nervous System
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Pictures and neuroimaging. a Physical finding of this patient’s lumbar area. b MRI performed 2 months after MMC closure revealed hydrocephalus. c MRI performed after initial replacement of VPS. d Head CT scan taken at second VPS failure. e Head CT scan taken after ETV. The tip of the drainage tube was detected (yellow arrow). f Latest MRI revealed no findings of hydrocephalus. CSF cerebrospinal fluid, CT computed tomography, ETV endoscopic third ventriculostomy, MMC myelomeningocele, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, VPS ventricle-peritoneal shunt
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Breath-holding spells (BHS) are commonly observed in children as a result of an autonomic nervous system disorder triggered by crying, emotional distress, or pain. There are several types of BHS and cyanotic type is one of them. We encountered a case of 3-year-old girl who presented with a delayed adaptation period and BHS 2 weeks after an endoscop...
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