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Understanding the structure of dog population and the evaluation of the accessibility of dogs to vaccination is essential to succeed in the fight against dog rabies and to adapt the strategy of its control. We studied the characteristics of the unowned and owned dogs using the beck method during a rabies vaccination campaign in randomly selected se...
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Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. To increase the herd immunity, free-roaming and stray dogs need to...
Dog-mediated rabies is responsible for tens of thousands of human deaths annually, and in resource-constrained settings, vaccinating dogs to control the disease at source remains challenging. Currently, rabies elimination efforts rely on mass dog vaccination by the parenteral route. To increase the herd immunity, free-roaming and stray dogs need to...
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... In particular, stray dogs are often perceived as a threat due to their potential of spreading zoonotic diseases (Kalthoum et al., 2021;Parry, 2020;Razali et al., 2020) or possible aggressive behavior (Katica et al., 2017), leading to their abuse by humans (Gupta & Gupta, 2019;Whyke & L opez-Múgica, 2020). In this regard, the role of pet charities is especially important because they can help tackle the problem of homeless pets by using humane methods such as sterilization, vaccination, promotion of responsible ownership, and so forth (Mota-Rojas et al., 2021;Zumpano et al., 2011). ...
In this study, we investigated the relationship between emotions and charitable behavior in the context of pet charities. In particular, we examined the role of pet characteristics such as age, health status, signs of homelessness, and the animal being in the presence of a human as factors in a potential benefactors' emotional state (valence and arousal) that are associated with the willingness to donate. We conducted an online experiment in which participants ( N = 54) voluntarily donated in response to being presented with pictures of dogs in various conditions. Emotional state was measured as self‐reported valence and arousal. Our findings showed that willingness to donate was higher when participants experienced unpleasant emotions with a high arousal. In addition, we found that animals' apparent sickness and signs of homelessness provoked larger donations, while age (adult or puppy) and being in the presence of a human did not affect charitable behavior. Our study contributes to the research on the effectiveness of charity appeals in the context of pet charities and complements the literature on human prosocial behavior in support of other species. The results have practical implications for the development of advertising on behalf of pet charities as they explore the impact of dogs' characteristics on donors' emotions and willingness to donate under ecologically valid conditions, in contrast to previous laboratory studies.
... Stray dogs can be perceived as both victims and enemies [5], which reduces donations to pet charities. This attitude is caused by the fact that, left unattended, stray dogs can become a source of rabies [6] or other diseases [7] and behave aggressively [8]; this leads to their cruel treatment [5,9], which makes it vitally important to solve the problem of homeless pets before anything negative happens to either animals or humans. Supporting charitable organizations with individual donations contributes to a humane solution to the problems caused by homeless pets as it allows the use of modern methods such as sterilization, vaccination, and the promotion of responsible ownership [10,11]. ...
This study investigated the relationship between emotional states (valence, arousal, and six basic emotions) and donation size in pet charities, and it compared the effectiveness of affective computing and emotion self-report methods in assessing attractiveness. Using FaceReader software and self-report, we measured the emotional states of participants (N = 45) during the donation task. The results showed that sadness, happiness, and anger were significantly related to donation size. Sadness and anger increased donations, whereas happiness decreased them. Arousal was not significantly correlated with the willingness to donate. These results are supported by both methods, whereas the self-reported data regarding the association of surprise, fear, and disgust with donation size are inconclusive. Thus, unpleasant emotions increase donation size, and combining affective computing with self-reported data improves the prediction of the effectiveness of a charity appeal. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between emotions and charitable behavior toward pet charities and evaluates the effectiveness of marketing mix elements using affective computing. The limitations include the laboratory setting for this experiment and the lack of measurement of prolonged and repeated exposure to unpleasant charity appeals.
... Program vaksinasi massal anjing dinyatakan sukses dan mampu mencegah terjadinya wabah jika cakupan vaksinasi (vaccination coverage) mencapai 70% dari total populasi (WHO, 2013). Beberapa studi tentang estimasi populasi anjing telah dilakukan di berbagai negara endemik rabies (Nasiry et al., 2023;Kalthouma et al., 2021;Thanapongtharm et al., 2021;Rinzin et al., 2016) dan menunjukan bahwa jumlah populasi anjing baik di perkotaan maupun pedesaan meningkat seiring bertambahnya populasi penduduk terutama di daerah-daerah yang menggandalkan anjing sebagai penjaga rumah, properti, dan penjaga kebun. Jumlah anjing yang meningkat sangat berpotensi menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan karena tinja anjing menghasilkan nitrogen yang berpotensi mencemari lingkungan. ...
Wilayah pantai Timor Barat memiliki banyak pelabuhan tradisional dan merupakan daerah transit nelayan dari dan keluar pulau Timor. Penularan rabies melalui pelabuhan tradisional sangat mungkin terjadi sehingga menempatkan Timor Barat pada kategori daerah beresiko tinggi tertular rabies di masa yang akan datang. Ketersediaan data demografi dan kepadatan populasi anjing di wilayah pantai Timor Barat sangat penting dalam pengendalian rabies yang efektif dan efisien jika terjadi wabah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggumpulkan data demografi dan mengestimasi kepadatan populasi anjing di wilayah pantai Timor Barat. Survei telah dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kepadatan populasi anjing di wilayah pantai Timor Barat berkisar antara 98-333 ekor per km2 dan didominasi oleh anjing berjenis kelamin jantan (62%), berumur lebih dari satu tahun dengan skor kondisi tubuh sedang. Jumlah jantan yang dominan berpotensi mempercepat laju penularan penyakit jika terjadi wabah penyakit zoonosis seperti rabies. Hal ini cukup beralasan karena daya jelajah anjing jantan jauh lebih luas dibanding anjing betina. Keberadaan anjing umur lebih dari satu tahun dan bebas berkeliaran di area umum akan berpotensi meningkatnya laju pertumbuhan populasi anjing mengingat kelompik anjing ini akan bereporoduksi tanpa terkendali. Untuk itu edukasi manajemnen pemeliharaan dan kesehatan anjing perlu dilakukan untuk menekan laju pertumbuhan populasi.
... In contrast, although the mean number of dogs per household is similar, the incidence of rabies is higher in developing countries due to a lack of regulations, sufficient veterinary services, and certifications. In addition to the average number of dogs per household, the dog: human ratio (1:9) observed in this study was comparable with reports from Ethiopia 1:7 (Gebremedhin et al., 2020), Tunisia 1:11 (Kalthoum et al., 2021) and Nigeria 1.1: 6 (Kwaghe et al., 2019). The observed differences may be due to differences in human and dog population density in the given communities and countries. ...
Rabies is a zoonotic viral disease that affects humans and animals and dogs are the primary source of infection. Information on domestic dog populations is vitally important for rabies control. The present study is to assess the demography of dogs, the incidence of dog bites, and the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of the communities concerning rabies in Bishoftu town. Cross-sectional household surveys were conducted from April to June 2021 involving a questionnaire survey and collection of retrospective patient records from healthcare facilities. A total of 244 respondents were interviewed using a structured questionnaire format to determine their KAP about rabies and dog ownership. Data on the incidence of dog bites and suspected cases of rabies from November 2019 to June 2021 were retrieved from the records of four health centers in Bishoftu town. In interviewed households (HH) 51.2 % owned at least one dog with a dog: human ratio of 1:9 and 1.54 dogs/household. In the participating households, 71% of dogs had been vaccinated against rabies. Almost all, 99% of the respondents had heard of rabies and identified the mode of transmission of rabies. However, 61.8%, had a moderate level of knowledge and 59.8% had an intermediate level of attitude, and 64.3% satisfactory level of appropriate rabies prevention practices score. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge score and age, occupation, and source of information as well as attitude score with age and source of information (p<0.05). Respondents who attend higher education were more likely to have higher practice scores in the prevention of rabies (p <0.05). There were significant correlations among the participant’s knowledge, attitude, and practice (p<0.01). A total of 612 victims were registered and received the post-exposure vaccine in Bishoftu over two years (2019 to 2021). We identified critical knowledge gaps related to factors influencing rabies prevention and control. The veterinary and public health sectors should play an important role in educating and raising community awareness. Moreover, the production and use of the banned nerve tissue vaccine in the public health sector in Ethiopia need attention.
Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) are one of the most common pets around the world but ownership patterns and human-dog interactions have been changing, particularly in developing nations. We conducted household surveys in Costa Rica to characterize dog ownership, the owned dog population, where dogs were confined at night and in the morning, and behaviors regarding selected dog care issues. We also compared these results to similar questionnaires used in Costa Rica over the past 20 years. We found 76% of households in Costa Rica owned at least one dog and on average there were about 1.4 dogs owned per household. These dog ownership rates are higher than previous estimates. The probability of owning a dog was highest on farms and lowest in single family dwellings without a yard, higher among respondents that owned their homes and decreasing with increasing human population density The total number of owned dogs in Costa Rica was estimated to be 2,222,032 (95% confidence intervals: 1,981,497–2,503,751). The sterilization rate for homed dogs in 2020 was approximately 62% (females: 67%, males: 61%) which is higher than the 18% of owned dogs that were sterilized in a 2003 survey. Overall, only 1.2% (95% CI: 0.3–2.5%) of owned dogs slept on the street with a slightly higher proportion on the street at 8 am. The number of owned dogs roaming the streets at night nation-wide was estimated to be 27,208 (95% CI: 7,557–56,619) compared to 43,142 (95% CI: 20,118–73,618) on the street at 8 am. The number of unowned free-roaming dogs in Costa Rica has never been estimated but we can generate some idea of the size of the unowned dog population by determining the proportion of free-roaming dogs on the street wearing collars. There was a negative relationship between human population density and owned dogs being on the street meaning fewer dogs roam the streets in highly populated areas compared to less populated areas. Overall, we identify trends against which future progress can be measured and provide information that are critical in designing effective humane dog management programs in Costa Rica in the future.
