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... included in the Cereus hexagonus group. Differences are described by Walters et al. (2011). Known only from one locality in Mallorca. ...
The Balearic Islands is a western
Mediterranean archipelago that has undergone
strong touristic pressure in the last decades.
As a result, extensive gardening has led to the
introduction of several succulent plants. In this
paper we present a list of non-native succulents
present in the Balearic Islands, based on field
surveys conducted during the last years supported
by an extensive bibliographic research. Eightyseven
taxa are recorded representing eleven
different families. Among these, nine taxa are
novelties previously unknown to the Balearic
flora, three of them being considered new to
the Mediterranean and European flora. From all
recorded taxa thirty-two remain as casual, twentyeight
are considered naturalised and twenty-seven
display full invasive traits competing with native
plants.
... Succulent plants can tolerate drought conditions by storing water in their tissues. In addition, these plants can survive indoor conditions with minimal light and succulents are easily cultivated for commercial use (Alaspa 2016;Altman 2011;Bell 2001;Edwards and Ogbum 2013;Walters et al. 2011 ...
Orius laevigatus (Fieber 1860) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is a commercially used predator against soft-bodied pests in greenhouses. Many researchers have done studies on oviposition preference and hatching rate of O. laevigatus which are essential components for the mass-rearing studies of biocontrol agents. In addition, the effects of succulent plants and their potential to use for mass-rearing of O. laevigatus have not fully examined. This study has been done to determine the most suitable host plant for the oviposition preference of O. laevigatus at laboratory conditons between the year 2021 and 2022. No-choice and choice experiments were conducted for the five different succulent plants (Sedum nussbaumerianum Bitter, Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier, Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. (Saxifragales: Crassulaceae), Senecio barbertonicus Klatt. (Asterales: Asteraceae) and Aptenia cordifolia (L.f.) N.E.Br. (Caryophyllales: Aizoaceae) at 25ºC ± 2. %65 ± 10 relative humidity, and 16:8 L: D in climate rooms; According to the results of the No-choice experiment, Kalonchoe blossfeldiana, A. cordifolia, and S. barbertonicus were found the most successful host plant in terms of daily (5.14 ± 0.33, 6.73 ± 0.43, 6.19 ± 0.43) and total laid eggs (74.24 ± 5.70, 61.64 ± 4.51, 84.67 ± 5.50) and hatching ratio (75.01 ± 3.45, 74.40 ± 2.06, 64.26 ± 3.00). Out of these three host plants used for the choice experiment, Kalonchoe blossfeldiana was determined as the most suitable host plant in terms of daily and total laid eggs (3.42 ± 0.38, 33.28 ± 3.98), and hatching rate (22 72.40 ± 2.80 per cent). Consequently, K. blossfeldiana was found to be the most suitable host plant in terms of oviposition and hatching performance for the mas-rearing of O. laevigatus.
... The earliest plants that European explorers brought back from America in the 15 th century included cacti and it quickly spread throughout European collections and gardening (Anderson, 2001;Howard & Touw, 1981). Over time, the ornamental cacti trade has grown into a sizeable industry, and it accounts for the international spread of several species (Walters et al., 2011). Also, private collectors represent a niche market that is primarily interested in highly valuable, rare species of the Cactaceae, such as Mammillaria luethyi, Geohintonia mexicana, Aztekium hintonii, and Pelecyphora strobiliformis, as well as newly discovered species like Pelecyphora strobiliformis and Strombocactus disciformis (Robbins, 2002). ...
... Cacti have a variety of uses, although the horticulture industry is primarily responsible for introducing species outside of their native range (Walters et al., 2011). In temperate areas, attractive cacti species are often cultivated (Bárcenas-Luna, 2003). ...
... The growing movement of people throughout the globe has made it easier for species to be intentionally and unintentionally transported outside of their natural habitats, frequently in a way that can lead to invasions of other ecosystems (Wilson et al., 2009). Over time, the trade in ornamental cacti has grown into a sizeable industry, and it accounts for the international spread of several species (Walters et al., 2011). Cacti species are widespread due to these humanmediated introductions and some members of the family rank among the most significant alien species globally (Weber, 2003). ...
Cacti are one of the most diverse and widespread plants globally. They are useful in numerous ways, including food, medicine, and ornamental plants. This review aimed to synthesise current and potential uses of cacti, methods of propagation, threats by invasive cacti, control andnmanagement of invasiveness, and socio-economic synthesis of the cacti industry. Because ofbthe attractive unique morphology of the plant, it’s used as ornamental plant globally. Forbcommercial scale cacti production, both molecular and classical breeding methods are employed. Advantages of micropropagation of cacti for mass-scale production, compared to sexual propagation were identified. The potential for the application of molecular techniques in the cacti industry is high. Regardless of slow growth, cacti trade is a highly profitable market. However, due to slow growth, the cost of cultivation and maintenance should be considered. Sometimes, wild cacti are used for commercialisation in the international and illegal market. The species selection for commercialisation is vital for farmers. However, introduction of high quantities of ornamental cacti to other countries increases the risk of cacti being invasive in the
future. In this review, while managing invasive cacti, the international trade in rare expensive cacti is addressed.
... The earliest plants that European explorers brought back from America in the 15 th century included cacti and it quickly spread throughout European collections and gardening (Anderson, 2001;Howard & Touw, 1981). Over time, the ornamental cacti trade has grown into a sizeable industry, and it accounts for the international spread of several species (Walters et al., 2011). Also, private collectors represent a niche market that is primarily interested in highly valuable, rare species of the Cactaceae, such as Mammillaria luethyi, Geohintonia mexicana, Aztekium hintonii, and Pelecyphora strobiliformis, as well as newly discovered species like Pelecyphora strobiliformis and Strombocactus disciformis (Robbins, 2002). ...
... Cacti have a variety of uses, although the horticulture industry is primarily responsible for introducing species outside of their native range (Walters et al., 2011). In temperate areas, attractive cacti species are often cultivated (Bárcenas-Luna, 2003). ...
... The growing movement of people throughout the globe has made it easier for species to be intentionally and unintentionally transported outside of their natural habitats, frequently in a way that can lead to invasions of other ecosystems (Wilson et al., 2009). Over time, the trade in ornamental cacti has grown into a sizeable industry, and it accounts for the international spread of several species (Walters et al., 2011). Cacti species are widespread due to these humanmediated introductions and some members of the family rank among the most significant alien species globally (Weber, 2003). ...
Cacti are one of the most diverse and widespread plants globally. They are useful in numerous ways, including food, medicine, and ornamental plants. This review aimed to synthesise current and potential uses of cacti, methods of propagation, threats by invasive cacti, control and management of invasiveness, and socio-economic synthesis of the cacti industry. Because of the attractive unique morphology of the plant, it’s used as an ornamental plant globally. For commercial scale cacti production, both molecular and classical breeding methods are employed. Advantages of micropropagation of cacti for mass-scale production, compared to sexual propagation were identified. The potential for the application of molecular techniques in the cacti industry is high. Regardless of slow growth, cacti trade is a highly profitable market. However, due to slow growth, the cost of cultivation and maintenance should be considered. Sometimes, wild cacti are used for commercialisation in the international and illegal market. The species selection for commercialisation is vital for farmers. However, the introduction of high quantities of ornamental cacti to other countries increases the risk of cacti being invasive in the future. In this review, while managing invasive cacti, the international trade in rare expensive cacti is addressed.
... Native to tropical America, used as an ornamental and became naturalised and invasive in large parts of the tropical and subtropical regions (Walthers et al. 2011). It appears as a rare casual alien in temperate regions, for example, in Italy (Spampinato et al. 2022) and Ukraine (Shynder et al. 2022 ...
The systematic urban floristic research of Budapest was started in 2018 by the authors with detailed methodology. One scope of the research was to gain knowledge on the plant taxa appearing in Budapest and to compile the inventory of the urban flora of Budapest.
We have provided the inventory of the urban flora of Budapest, which includes distribution data for all 973 taxa found in Budapest between May 2018 and May 2023. We also provided new detailed occurrence data for 49 species in Budapest. Seven of them are new to the adventive flora of Hungary ( Campanula portenschlagiana Roem. & Schult., Clinopodium nepeta (L.) Kuntze, Chasmanthium latifolium (Michx.) H.O.Yates, Cyrtomium fortunei J.Sm., Linaria maroccana Hook.f., Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn.), three were rediscovered in Hungary ( Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach, Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl., Sisymbrium irio L.) and 18 were recorded for the first time in Budapest. We also provided data for two data-poor ( Artemisia scoparia Waldst. & Kit., Polygonum rurivagum Jord. ex Boreau) species and we documented the major expansion of six species.
... Moreover, due to their succulence, Carpobrotus spp. are difficult to curate, and therefore are poorly represented in herbarium collections (Walters et al. 2011). In fact, in several cases, the species names are based on lectotypes selected from illustrations, e.g., by Dillenius (1732). ...
The genus Carpobrotus N.E.Br. comprises between 12 and 25 species, most of which are native to South Africa. Some Carpobrotus species are considered among the most damaging invasive species in coastal dune systems worldwide. In their introduced areas, these species represent a serious threat to native species and significantly impact soil conditions and geochemical processes. Despite being well studied, the taxonomy of Carpobrotus remains problematic, as the genus comprises a complex of species that hybrid-ize easily and are difficult to distinguish from each other. To explore the population genetic structure of invasive Carpobrotus species (i.e., C. acinaciformis and C. edulis) across a significant part of their native and non-native ranges, we sampled 40 populations across Argentina, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, and the USA. We developed taxon-specific microsatellite markers using a Next Generation Sequencing approach to analyze the population genetic structure and incidence of hybridization in native and non-native regions. We identified three genetically distinct clusters, which are present in both the native and non-native regions. Based on a set of selected morphological characteristics, we found no clear features to identify taxa morphologically. Our results suggest that the most probable sources of global introductions of Carpobrotus species are the Western Cape region of South Africa and the coastline of California. We suggest that management actions targeting Carpobrotus invasions globally should focus on preventing additional introductions from the east coast of South Africa, and on searching for prospective biocontrol agents in the Western Cape region of South Africa.
... The ability of O. ficus-indica to endure dry periods and exhibit rapid and vigorous growth in response to increasing water availability [33] will significantly contribute to its success in invading new habitats in warming, drying and more fluctuating climate conditions of the future [21]. Here, we have no comparison to growth rates of native species under the same conditions, but we hypothesize that O. ficus-indica can tolerate drought better than almost any other species [27,50,51]. Additionally, considering the strong growth observed over the 26-month duration of this experiment, it is likely to effectively compete with native species during wet periods, making it an almost perfect invader in environments characterized by highly fluctuating water availabilities including long and extreme dry periods. ...
Biological invasions pose global threats to biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Invasive
species often display a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, enabling them to adapt to new envi-
ronments. This study examines plasticity to water stress in native and invasive Opuntia ficus-indica
populations, a prevalent invader in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. Through controlled greenhouse
experiments, we evaluated three native and nine invasive populations. While all plants survived
the dry treatment, natives exhibited lower plasticity to high water availability with only a 36%
aboveground biomass increase compared to the invasives with a greater increase of 94%. In terms of
belowground biomass, there was no significant response to increased water availability for native
populations, but plants from the invasive populations showed a 75% increase from the dry to the wet
treatment. Enhanced phenotypic plasticity observed in invasive populations of O. ficus-indica is likely
a significant driver of their success and invasiveness across different regions, particularly with a clear
environmental preference towards less arid conditions. Climate change is expected to amplify the
invasion success due to the expansion of arid areas and desertification. Opuntia ficus-indica adapts to
diverse environments, survives dry spells, and grows rapidly in times of high-water supply, making
it a candidate for increased invasion potential with climate change.
... Species such prickly pear is one of the invasive species that normally disturb the vegetation due to its contribution to the reduction of carrying capacity and, most importantly, causing injuries to people and some livestock (Walters et al., 2011). They are also known for hampering livestock movement due to their thicket form. ...
Rangeland deterioration is a major challenge faced especially by communal farmers in most of the developing countries including South Africa. The high population of people and livestock exert pressure on the rangeland leading to deterioration which results to economic loss, due to a reduction in agricultural activities such as livestock production. The rehabilitation of degraded lands has substantial returns from an environmental, economic and social perspective. Except for the powerful economic justification, initiation of restoration and rehabilitation of lands is still required to address the continuing land degradation across the world. To gain an insight on the impact of rangeland degradation, the basic restoration strategies need to be assessed and implemented. In this review, we have highlighted an overview of rangeland degradation in South Africa; Livestock dependency in rangelands; causes and consequences of rangeland degradation which include the economic impact of rangeland degradation; and rehabilitation strategies. Soil, climate, grazing management are some of the major factors to consider when adopting the veld restoration strategies. In South Africa, all restoration methods can be practiced depending on the area and the nature of degradation. Moreover, past land use system records and rehabilitation resources such as material and skilled labour can be required to have a successful rangeland rehabilitation.
... Although Paterson et al. (2021) report many South-African sites for O. elata and this species was recognized as one of the most problematic Cactaceae (Henderson & Wilson, 2017), the images available look like O. canterae. An image published in Walters et al. (2011), as O. elata var. elata, shows a possible second record of O. canterae fertile plants after the original description in Uruguay (Arechavaleta, 1902). ...
Opuntia elata and O. monacantha are the two species of Opuntia Series Armatae traditionally accepted as naturalized in the Mediterranean region and Europe. However, a review based on the analysis of the available images and on the criteria of the most recent taxonomic proposals shows that O. elata s.s. is not present. The plants so far assigned to O. elata belong to O. bonaerensis, a clearly differentiated species, or to O. rioplatensis and O. canterae, both species similar to O. elata and recently segregated. The situation looks similar for South Africa and Australia, where the iconography shows other species of this group but not O. elata in the strict sense.
... В естественных условиях опунции произрастают в Южной и Северной Америке, Мексике Западной Индии, на Галапагосских островах (Pinkava, 2003;Bulot, 2007;Majure, Ervin, 2008). Многие виды были интродуцированы и широко используются как декоративные, пищевые, лекарственные растения в Европе, Африке, Азии, Австралии, на Канарских островах (Dean, Milton, 2000;Frawley, 2007;Erre et al., 2009;Walters et al., 2011;Cindi, Jaca, 2016). До 2014 г. было установлено, что не менее 27 видов (или 14%) рода Opuntia являются инвазионными растениями в различных регионах земного шара (Novoa et al., 2015). ...
Background . Representatives of the Opuntia Mill. genus (Cactaceae), growing in natural habitats in South and North Americas, Mexico, Western India, and the Galapagos Islands, are widely used as ornamental, food and medicinal plants in different regions of the world. Many species have naturalized, and at least 27 species (or 14%) are invasive plants, thus posing a threat to local species and plant diversity. The largest numbers of naturalized species were observed in Spain, South Africa, and Australia. Studying the distribution of Opuntia Mill. representatives over Crimea is relevant because eight naturalized representatives of the genus have already been found in the region.
Materials and methods . The information about Opuntia engelmannii Salm-Dyck var. lindheimeri (Engelm.) U. Guzman & Mandujano), O. fragilis (Nutt.) Haw., O. humifusa (Raf.) Raf., O. macrorhiza Engelm., O. phaeacantha Engelm. f. rubra Späth., O. polyacantha Haw., O. tortispina Engelm. & J.M. Bigelow, and O. tunoidea Gibbes is based on the research carried out in 2007–2021. Vegetation classification units were identified on the basis of geobotanical studies.
Results . General characteristics and distribution of eight Opuntia representatives in natural and cultigenic areas are presented. It has been established that prickly pears were originally planted intentionally in Crimea, but later they spread in anthropogenically disturbed and seminatural biotopes, assigned to nine classes of vegetation ( Quercetea pubescentis, FestucoBrometea, SedoScleranthetea, KoelerioCorynephoretea, Artemisietea vulgaris, Asplenietea trichomanis, CistoMicromerietea julianae, TheroBrachypodietea, and Pegano harmalaeSalsoletea vermiculatae ). Opuntia humifusa and O. engelmannii var. lindheimeri have the widest distribution in Crimea. All species reproduce by seeds and vegetatively. The text is illustrated with photographs of the species and schematic maps of their distribution over the Crimean Peninsula.
