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Physico-geographical microregions in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. (acc. to BALWIRCZAK-JAKUBOWSKA & CZARNECKI 1989) 1 -valleys; 2 -ranges; 3 -Grzbiety and Obniżenia Daleszyckie Ranges and Depressions
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p>Mycocoenological studies were conducted at 77 permanent research plots established in 14 leading forest communities and in three non-forest communities in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. The greatest numbers of Basidiomycetes were recorded in phytocoenoses in the following plant communities: Tilio-Carpinetum (393 species), Querco-Pinetum (292 specie...
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... regional division of Po- land (KONDRACKI 2000), the study area is located in the province of the Wyżyny Polskie Uplands, Wyżyna Małopolska Upland subprovince and in the Wyżyna Kielecka Upland macroregion. The Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. constitute a mesoregion within the Wyżyna Kielecka Upland, which is divided into 12 microregions ( Fig. 1), and cover an area of 1680 km 2 . Their geological structure, natural topography and plant cover development are greatly diverse. They form a grill-like system of major mountain ranges and valleys, distributed along the NW-SE axis 80 km long and 27 km wide. The area is situated between tanks, formed on larger rivers (the Bobrza, ...
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... participation of pines and birches with which fungi could form mycorrhizae. Therefore, terrestrial fungi resemble pedobionts in Leucobryo-Pinetum (75% species in common) the most, and other coniferous forest communities, for instance Abies alba-Sphagnum girgensohnii (50%) as well as Abietetum polonicum and Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum (45% each) (Fig. 10). Exclusive species: Leccinum niveum, L. versipelle and Suillus fl avidus, differentiate the community the best. However, the diagnostic value of these species varies. Leccinum versipelle, a Betula pendula symbiont, was also recor- Sph.m. -Sphagnetum magellanici; L-P -Leucobryo-Pinetum; Lp-F -Luzulo pilosae-Fagetum; Q-P -Querco ...
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... fungi are the smallest ecological group in the raised bog. Their biota is typical of coniferous forest communities and resembles that of Leucobryo-Pinetum the most (8 species in common), and, further, Abietetum polonicum, the Abies alba-Sphagnum girgensohnii and Querco-Pinetum communities, with which it has six species in common (Fig. 11). These fungi are very common and also grow in other forest communities. The status of Setulipes androsaceus is that of an exclusive species at the research plots. However, it was collected in various coniferous forest communities, and its exclusive character is therefore ...
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... fungi are associated with dead pine and birch wood. Similarly to the above fungi, they are typical of coniferous forests and resemble the fungi occurring in the Leucobryo-Pinetum forest, with which they share 75% species (Fig. 12). A great resemblance to deciduous forests, for instance to the oak-hornbeam forest (60% of species in common) due to ubiquitous fungi, is interesting. Crepidotus versutus and Dichomitus squalens are species exclusive to this community. They are rare not only in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. but also in Poland. Crepidotus versutus occurs ...
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... in Poland (HOŁOWNIA 1968;ŁUSZCZYŃSKI 1997;WOJEWODA et al. 1999). Therefore, the above terrestrial fungi appears to be characteristic of the Peucedano-Pinetum forest. The group of terrestrial fungi occurring in Peucedano-Pinetum and analysed here resembles that in Serratulo-Pinetum the most and has 76.9% species in common with the latter community (Fig. 10). The following were recorded only in patches of these communities: Hebeloma truncatum, Inocybe inconcinna, I. lacera, Lactarius deliciosus, Melanoleuca graminicola and M. microcephala. Two further species: Hebeloma mesophaeum and Inocybe subnudipes, were also recorded in Querco-Pinetum outside the communities listed above, and three ...
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... fungi in this community resemble xylobionts growing in the Querco-Pinetum mixed forest the most, where 50% of species in common were recorded, as well as in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum, Leucobryo-Pinetum, Potentillo-Quercetum, Serratulo-Pinetum and Tilio-Carpinetum, where 43.7% shared species were observed (Fig. 12). The great resemblance of xylobionts results primarily from the presence of similar tree species which reduce habitat differences identifi able among these ...
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... signifi cant similarity exists between the community under discussion and terrestrial fungi in the Cladonio-Pinetum. Both had 19 species in common, that is 28.4% of the total number of terrestrial fungi (Fig. 10). Coltricia perennis, Suillus variegatus and Tricholoma equestre, which are also exclusive species in these coniferous communities, occurred with the greatest frequency. A surprisingly low similarity of the fungi in this ecological group was observed between Leucobryo-Pinetum and Peucedano-Pinetum. The two communities often either ...
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... indistinct character of the biota of litter-inhabiting and bryophilous fungi in the community makes it similar to other forest communities, especially to Abietetum polonicum, Potentillo-Quercetum and Tilio-Carpinetum (Fig. 11). The number of species shared with Abietetum polonicum is 14, that is 66.7% of the biota growing on litter of the LeucobryoPinetum. No species exclusive to both communities were recorded; however, Auriscalpium vulgare, Mycena epipterygia, M. galopus, Setulipes androsaceus and Strobilurus stephanocystis were characterised by a high ...
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... of the Leucobryo-Pinetum resemble lignicolous fungi in the Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum, sharing 41.8% species with it, and Tilio-Carpinetum -40% in common (Fig. 12). This similarity results primarily form the presence of pines and fi rs in the stands of these deciduous forests, and the participation of birches, oaks and beeches in the suboceanic mesic coniferous forest. Only four species were exclusive to these communities: Pholiota mutabilis, in the three communities, Pholiota astragalina and ...
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... are signifi cantly broader, and the fungi were recorded in different plant communities, forest and non-forest ones, and are not analysed as diagnostic species. Terrestrial fungi are similar to those in Tilio-Carpinetum, with which they share 39.6% species, Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum -36.2%, Abietetum polonicum -2.8% and Leucobryo-Pinetum -31% (Fig. 10). Hygrophorus eburneus and Lepiota castanea were recorded only in the mixed pine forest and in the oak-hornbeam forest. Gymnopus confl uens connects the communities of the mixed coniferous forests with Abietetum polonicum, Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum and Tilio-Carpinetum, Russula fellea connects them with Abietetum polonicum and ...
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... biota of xylobionts examined here resembles that of the following communities the most: Tilio-Carpinetum -74.7%, Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum -68.4%, Leucobryo-Pinetum -57.9% and Potentillo-Quercetum -52.6% (Fig. 12). These similarities result from the fact that trees such Abies alba, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus petraea and Q. robur, important for the development of lignicolous Basidiomycetes, migrate to the above forest communities providing suitable substrates for fungal ...
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... the slightly broader ecological scale, other fungi also occur outside the community in various plant communities, and are sporadic species and accompanying species. The greatest resemblance of terrestrial Basidiomycetes in Serratulo-Pinetum is observed in relation to fungi of Peucedano-Pinetum -41.7% species in common and Tilio-Carpinetum -33.3% (Fig. 10 associated with pine mycorrhizae, while Calocybe gambosa and Melanoleuca microcephala prefer calcareous soils as well as xerophilous and warm sites. Five species in common with of the oak-linden-hornbeam forest were recorded: Hebeloma crustuliniforme, Inocybe cervicolor, I. fuscidula, I. hirtella and Russula sanguinea. As a result of ...
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... biota of fungi growing on litter in the Serratulo-Pinetum resembles litter-inhabiting saprobionts in deciduous forests, especially Potentillo-Quercetum, with which it shares 23 species, that is 53.5% of this fungal group, Tilio-Carpinetum -20 species, and the Peucedano-Pinetum coniferous forest -18 species in common (Fig. 11). These are mostly ubiquitous species, observed not only in these communities but also in others. Clitocybe squamulosa as well as bryophilous Galerina mniophila and Mycena capillaris are the only exclusive species that Serratulo-Pinetum and Tilio-Carpinetum have in common. They are rare and fairly rare fungi that occur in deciduous and ...
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... (Fig. 7a). A considerable majority of terrestrial fungi was also recorded in other coniferous forest communities. They exhibit the greatest similarity to the mesic coniferous forest, Leucobryo-Pinetum, with which they share 61.4% species, including 8 species growing exclusively in both communities; it shares 45.4% species with Abietetum polonicum (Fig. 10). Species exclusive to the boggy coniferous forest community constitute 15.9%. Of them, the Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum differentiates the best fungi associated with moist, boggy, acid soils and related to mycorrhizae formed with dominant tree species, pines and birches. Those criteria are most fully met by Cortinarius anthracinus, C. ...
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... in Vaccinio uliginosi-Pinetum constitute 21.8% of all basidiomycete species in the community (Fig. 7c). They do not have exclusive species and mostly represent the biota typical of coniferous forests. The greatest resemblance is observed in the case of xylobionts in Leucobryo-Pinetum, with which they share as many as 78.6% species (Fig. 12). Gymnopilus hybridus, Heterobasidion annosum s.l., Pseudohydnum gelatinosum, Tricholomopsis rutilans are typical coniferous forest species. It is interesting that a high degree of resemblance, 78.6%, is achieved between lignicolous fungi of the boggy coniferous forest and xylobionts of the Carpathian beech forest. This results from the ...
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... in Tilio-Carpinetum. Mycorrhizal fungi that constitute 81% of this ecological group dominate. Eleven exclusive species, that is 18.9%, were recorded. The habitat and fl ora types make the Abietetum polonicum similar to Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum, with which it shares 33 species, that is 56.9%, and Leucobryo-Pinetum -29 species, that is 50% (Fig. 10). The great resemblance to the biota in other forest communities makes it is diffi cult to name the community's characteristic species despite a fairly numerous exclusive group. Undoubtedly, there are some species that could be treated as differential and locally characteristic. These are as follows: Cortinarius malachius, C. saniosus, ...
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... Abietetum polonicum examined in the project. The biota does not seem to be distinguished by having specifi c species, and a great majority of saprobionts occurs in other forest communities. It mostly resembles that in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum, with which it shares 58.1% species, as well as in Potentillo-Quercetum and Tilio-Carpinetum -48.4% (Fig. 11). Four exclusive species were recorded but they are not greatly specifi c to the community. Two saprobionts, Collybia cookei and C. tuberosa, decompose old and dead fruitbodies of Psilocybe fascicularis and Russula sp. Fruitbodies of Roridella rorida, a species of little specifi c value that occurs in other forest communities, grew on ...
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... with this tree will be of special diagnostic value. Due to the presence of Quercus as well as Pinus, a number of other communities share a high number of species within this ecological group. Xylobionts in this association exhibit the greatest similarity to Tilio-Carpinetum -40.7%, Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum -31.5% and Leucobryo-Pinetum -27.8% (Fig. 12). There were 21 exclusive species, that is 37.5% of the total number of xylobionts. The following fungi should be mentioned: Dichomitus campestris, Peniophora nuda, Phanerochaete tuberculata and Pluteus exiguus. These xylobionts are rare in Poland. Their exclusive occurrence in the xerophilous oak community suggests that they are ...
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... lignicolous fungi observed in the research plots are similar to the adjacent forest communities because of the penetration of tree species (Fig. 12). The greatest number of shared species was recorded in the case of Leucobryo-Pinetum -51.4% and Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum -45.7%. The following xylobionts are in common with the former: Datronia mollis, Mycena tintinnabulum and Stereum subtomentosum, and the following with the latter: Ganoderma applanatum, Lentinus torulosus, Mycena ...
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... of ligneous plant species. The presence of a varied dendrofl ora makes xylobionts in the oak-hornbeam forest greatly similar to lignicolous species in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum, 28 species, that is 35% of this mycobiota, then Leucobryo-Pinetum and Potentillo-Quercetum, 22 species, that is 27.5%, and Querco-Pinetum -20 species, that is 25% (Fig. 12). Species exclusive to Tilio-Carpinetum constitute a signifi cant group -30 species, that is 37%, and determine the special nature of this association. Only some of them can be considered to be regionally characteristic. Those include Crepidotus mollis var. calolepis, Galerina fallax, G. subbadipes, Pholiota mixta, Ph. tuberculosa, ...
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... regards terrestrial fungi, Luzulo-Fagetum shows the greatest affi nity with pedobionts in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum -50%, and Abietetum polonicum -38.5% (Fig. 10). The frequency of ubiquitous species was the greatest; only 7 species were recorded at three and four plots while over 60% were recorded only ...
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... 1978aBUJAKIEWICZ & LISIEWSKA 1983;FLISIŃSKA 2000a, b;ŁAWRYNOWICZ & STASIŃSKA 2000); therefore, its diagnostic value is only local. Lignicolous fungi in the association show the greatest similarity with those in Tilio-Carpinetum -60.9%, Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum -52.2%, as well as Leucobryo-Pinetum and Potentillo-Quercetum -43.5% each (Fig. 12). Crepidotus cesatii var. subsphaerosporus, Tremella mesenterica and Xerula radicata, whose fruitbodies develop on the wood of fallen Fagus twigs and, in the case of the latter, on Fagus roots, also grow in these ...
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... Abies alba and Fagus sylvatica, in various forest communities, mycobionts of these trees are recorded not only in beech forests but also in other communities. Terrestrial fungi mostly resemble those in Abietetum polonicum, with which they share 33 species, that is 44% pedobionts, Luzulo-Fagetum and Tilio-Carpinetum -26 species each, that is 34.7% (Fig. 10). Species exclusive of the beech forest and the fi r forest are Lactarius ichoratus and L. lignyotus (also only in the Abies alba-Sphagnum girgensohnii community), and for the latter pair -species listed in the description of Luzulo-Fagetum. Leccinum pseudoscabrum and Phallus impudicus turned out to be exclusive species in the case of ...
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... on litter exhibit a great similarity to fungi in Potentillo-Quercetum, with which they share 47.2% species, Tilio-Carpinetum -45.3% and Abietetum polonicum -34% (Fig. 11). Despite their resemblance, no species that would be in common between the beech forest and thermophilous oak forest were recorded. Clitocybe odora, Coprinus truncorum, Macrocystidia cucumis, Marasmiellus ramealis and Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis were observed exclusively in the oak-hornbeam forest and the beech forest. The low ...
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... to fl oristic relationships with other forests of the class Querco-Fagetea, lignicolous fungi in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum show the greatest resemblance to xylobionts in Tilio-Carpinetum, with which they share 49.1% species, and, among coniferous species, to those in Leucobryo-Pinetum -40.3 and Querco-Pinetum -36.8% species in common (Fig. 12). Crepidotus cesatii, Hericium coralloides and Polyporus varius were recorded only in the Carpathian beech forest and the oak-hornbeam forest. The latter species reached the second degree of constancy in both comunities, which stresses the close relationships between forest biocoenoses in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. and respective ...
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... quantitative presence of fungi belonging to Basidiomycetes in plant communities in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. varies ( Fig. 13; Tab. ...
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... comprising 593 species, that is 57% of the total number of species. Among them, 332 (32%) are saprobionts -pedobionts, species growing on litter and humus, 251 (24%) -xylobionts that decompose dead standing and lying trunks and logs, thick and small-sized branches, and 10 (0.9%) -allobionts, coprophilous species that occur on animal faeces (Fig. ...
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... symbioses with plant roots or whether it is a saprobiont. Mycorrhizal fungi were identifi ed on the basis of the literature (AGERER 1987(AGERER -2002MICHAEL et al. 1988;MÜNZENBERGER et al. 2004). Potentially mycorrhizal fungi were also analysed. The disappearance of mycorrhizal fungi results in a slow death of trees and other plants. Due to the Fig. 14. Ecological groups within Basidiomycetes examined in the project role they play in biocoenoses, mycorrhizal fungi can be used as sensitive tools in bioindication (FELLNER 1988b;JANSEN ...
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... greatest population of Larix decidua ssp. polonica develops on Chełmowa Góra Mt (Fig. 15). Greater complexes of old larch forests that occurred in the Serwis-Dąbrowa and Gawroniec nature reserves and on Mt Psarska Góra were destroyed during both world wars (KRYSZTOFIK 1959). Surface and age limitations of larches make Chełmowa Góra Mt a refugium of many species associated with this tree in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. ...
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... cavipes and Fomitopsis offi cinalis (Fig. 16), fungi associated with Larix, are endangered species due to the disappearance of stands of old larches. The former is a mycorrhizal fungus, the latter is a parasite. Fomitopsis offi cinalis is a particular example of a disappearing relict associated exclusively with old larches (ŁUSZCZYŃSKI 2000b;CHLE- BICKI & ŁUSZCZYŃSKI 2002;PIĘTKA ...
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... whose main area of occurrence is situated in the Carpathians and which are associated with Abies alba, for instance Hymenochaete cruenta, Ganoderma carnosum (SOKÓŁ 2000; Fig. 17), Bondarzewia mesenterica (WOJEWODA 2000b; Fig. 18), grow in the forests in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. Lowland species, some boreal but mostly encountered in old-growth forests of northern Poland rather than in the mountains, such as Antrodia crassa, Antrodiella citrinella (NIEMELÄ & RYVARDEN 1983), Skeletocutis odora, S. stellae, ...
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... whose main area of occurrence is situated in the Carpathians and which are associated with Abies alba, for instance Hymenochaete cruenta, Ganoderma carnosum (SOKÓŁ 2000; Fig. 17), Bondarzewia mesenterica (WOJEWODA 2000b; Fig. 18), grow in the forests in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. Lowland species, some boreal but mostly encountered in old-growth forests of northern Poland rather than in the mountains, such as Antrodia crassa, Antrodiella citrinella (NIEMELÄ & RYVARDEN 1983), Skeletocutis odora, S. stellae, have survived at single localities. (2006); M ...
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... marginal populations (ZARZYCKI 1976;BHAR & FAHRIG 1998) while changes of the same scope taking place inside a species' range may not be as noticeable. Primeval, mountain and boreal species of fungi seem to be particularly threatened. Their specifi c climatic and habitat requirements are on the verge of resistance in the Góry Świętokrzyskie Mts. (Fig. ...
Citations
... Notes: Species rarely reported from Poland. It is known from the Świętokrzyskie Mts (Łuszczyński, 2007, 2008Hausknecht, 2005Hausknecht, , 2009, Pogórze Karpackie (Gierczyk et al., 2018a), and the Bieszczady Mts . ...
In 2019–2020 (for 13 months), 21 macrofungi species, both native (14) and inadvertently introduced from warmer regions (7), were found in greenhouses at the Warsaw University Botanic Garden. These included 13 species recorded for the first time in Polish greenhouses. Descriptions and photographs are given for 5 species identified, which are new to Poland (Gymnopus luxurians, Hemimycena ignobilis, Leucoagaricus meleagris, L. rubrotinctus, and Xylaria arbuscula s.l.). The highest variety of species was found in the greenhouses with the collection of tropical and succulents and cacti, with 11 and 8 species, respectively. The number of species ranged from five to four in other greenhouses. The current results increase the number of species reported from greenhouses in Poland to approximately 50. None of the identified species has a negative impact on the growth and health of plants in the greenhouses at the Warsaw University Botanic Garden and at present none of them are indicated as potentially invasive.
... It is generally widespread in Europe and usually found in more or less pure virgin forests and old stands in Fennoscandia and prefers old-growth forests (Piątek 2005b, Łuszczyński 2007, Holec et al. 2015b). In the former Czechoslovakia, Kotlaba (1984) mentioned 7 localities of the species -3 in Czechia and 4 in Slovakia. ...
... Pniarek lekarski jest wpisany na regionalne czerwone listy grzybów w kategorii zagrożenia E: polskich Karpat (Wojewoda 1990), Górnego Śląska (Wojewoda 1999) oraz Gór Świętokrzyskich (Łuszczyński 2002(Łuszczyński , Łuszczyński 2007(Łuszczyński , 2008. Jako gatunek zagrożony w skali europejskiej, znalazł się wśród 33 gatunków grzybów proponowanych do włączenia do Załącznika 1 Konwencji Berneńskiej (Dahlberg i Croneborg 2006). ...
... 1998, Tedersoo i in. 2010 (Gądek 2007, Kujawa i Gierczyk 2010 Zagrożenie stanowisk: gatunek jest zaliczany do reliktów puszczańskich i gatunków wskaźnikowych starych lasów (Łuszczyński 2007(Łuszczyński , Karasiński 2016. Głównym zagrożeniem jest dla niego fragmentacja, brak ciągłości i zmniejszanie powierzchni starych lasów o charakterze naturalnym (m.in. ...
... Pniarek lekarski jest wpisany na regionalne czerwone listy grzybów w kategorii zagrożenia E: polskich Karpat (Wojewoda 1990), Górnego Śląska (Wojewoda 1999) oraz Gór Świętokrzyskich (Łuszczyński 2002(Łuszczyński , Łuszczyński 2007(Łuszczyński , 2008. Jako gatunek zagrożony w skali europejskiej, znalazł się wśród 33 gatunków grzybów proponowanych do włączenia do Załącznika 1 Konwencji Berneńskiej (Dahlberg i Croneborg 2006). ...
... 1998, Tedersoo i in. 2010 (Gądek 2007, Kujawa i Gierczyk 2010 Zagrożenie stanowisk: gatunek jest zaliczany do reliktów puszczańskich i gatunków wskaźnikowych starych lasów (Łuszczyński 2007(Łuszczyński , Karasiński 2016. Głównym zagrożeniem jest dla niego fragmentacja, brak ciągłości i zmniejszanie powierzchni starych lasów o charakterze naturalnym (m.in. ...
Fungi, like other living organisms, are vulnerable when exposed to the harmful effects of human activity. Their populations may be reduced and threatened at different geographical scales and, for some species, there may even be a global risk of extinction. They are particularly sensitive to disturbance and loss of their natural habitats. Air pollution, changes to soil and water, ecosystems destabilized through global warming, transformed landscapes, intensified economies, the spread of invasive species, loss of associated organisms, and unsustainable harvesting with its concomitant damage to mycelium and its immediate environment are all threats. These threats affect not only rare fungi with a limited or dispersed occurrence, but also common species. Like other groups of organisms, fungi need and deserve protection.
In 1983, twenty three species of larger fungi were accorded legal protection in Poland, making our country the first in Europe and indeed the world to extend conservation law to this biological kingdom. Since then, protection has been increased and, at the time of writing, 117 species benefit from strict or partial protection in Poland. They have been selected using criteria applicable equally to all groups of organisms, depending on the degree of threat to individual species, the pressure exerted by human activities and the effectiveness of protective measures. Furthermore, that protection complies with international law and European Union regulations. Following the Polish Act on Nature Conservation of 2004, protection of fungi aims to ensure the survival and good conservation status of species and their habitats, as well as the preservation (as in the case of plants and animals) of fungal species and their genetic diversity. All organisms are interlinked through multidimensional relationships, and that makes it important not only to preserve fungal natural habitats but also to protect their associated organisms (e.g. mycorrhizal partners, hosts of parasitic fungi) and the substrata they live on (e.g. large pieces of standing or fallen wood).
Protected Fungi of Poland. Distribution, Threats, Conservation Recommendations is Poland’s first comprehensive and extensive monograph covering all fungal species currently protected in the country. Each species is presented in a uniform layout which includes a brief description of the morphology of the sporophores (with emphasis on features facilitating identification), information about ecological requirements listing the most frequently occupied habitats and substrata, followed by trophic status (mycorrhizal symbiont, parasite, saprotroph etc.) and sporophore seasonality. For each species, the history of its protection in Poland and the Polish Red List threat category are presented. The account also identifies the most important current threats affecting the species and includes recommended conservation measures. In addition, there is more general advice about identification of species, documentation and a uniform system for reporting and recording the localities in which they occur. Other important information is provided in a Notes section. This includes, for example, the current taxonomic status of the species, its accepted scientific (Latin) binomial, its threat status in red lists at different levels in Europe and worldwide, and additional notes on distribution. The description of each species is illustrated with original photographs which facilitate identification. In the cases of the 90 rarer species, distribution maps using the ATMOS square system (10 km by 10 km) are provided, and sites based on historical field observations or published records (up to and including 1970) can be distinguished from those which are contemporary (after 1970).
The monograph, the result of a project under the auspices of the Polish Mycological Society and produced by a team of twenty authors, compiles as much information as possible about the 117 species of fungi which currently enjoy legal protection in Poland. It includes many years of observation and research, thorough studies of scientific literature, on-line mycological databases, websites of amateur mycologists, data obtained from state institutions, and the personal unpublished records of the authors and their many collaborators. In several cases, information on individual species has been supported by examination of fungarium specimens and molecular analyses. Finally, the work also discusses the general principles, methods and goals for protection of fungi in Poland, reviews its history, and assesses the current situation and its most important problems, needs and perspectives.
The book addresses a wide audience of individuals and institutions involved in management and protection of Poland’s natural resources. These include governmental administration, State Forests, national and landscape parks, nature NGOs and their members, teachers, educators, students, amateurs, and all who care about protection of fungi and nature in Poland and beyond. We hope it will be not only a source of reliable information and help in practical nature conservation, but also an incentive to monitor existing localities and extend our knowledge of these protected fungi through the discovery of new sites.
... Notes. Spring fungus, reported from Świętokrzyskie Mts and from the Kurnik Arboretum (Łuszczyński, 2007;Rudawska & Leski, 2013). Notes. ...
In this paper, we present the results of mycological research carried out between 2015 and 2018 in the Cieszyn township, in the Silesian Foothills (Outer Western Carpathians). The list of 417 species of macrofungi from the Cieszyn area reported in our previous study, has been expanded further by the addition of 37 taxa found in the current study. Among these, the following deserve special attention: fungi that are new to Poland’s mycobiota (six species: Bryoscyphus dicrani , Discina martinii , Elaphomyces aculeatus , Tuber brumale , T. foetidum , and Russula cerea ), taxa subject to legal protection (four species: Disciotis venosa , Grifola frondosa , Mitrophora semilibera , and Sparassis brevipes ), as well as fungi that are rare in Poland, included in national or regional red lists, and in the registers of rare and endangered species (24 species including Amanita echinocephala , Arrhenia retiruga , A. spathulata , Catinella olivacea , Elaphomyces maculatus , Hygrophorus discoxanthus , Ophiocordyceps entomorrhiza , Pluteus diettrichii , Tuber aestivum , and T. fulgens ). This paper presents the distribution and location of 32 species of fungi along with a short description and illustration of the macro- and micromorphological features of select species and their habitats.
... In addition to the red-listed species, four others were also rare, found in very few locations in Poland, e.g. Clitocybe amarescens (Łuszczyński 2007(Łuszczyński , Karasiński et al. 2015 and Conocybe fuscimarginata (Wojewoda 2003, Gierczyk et al. 2014, while Coprinus cothurnatus and C. marculentus have been known in Poland for several years from just one location in a horse stud in Wołosate village in the Bieszczady National Park (Gierczyk et al. 2011). Summing up, some of the species observed on straw and manure heaps are very rarely recorded in Poland. ...
This study (conducted in western Poland) was aimed at recognizing the importance of straw heaps (SH) and manure heaps (MH) located in cultivated fields for fungal diversity in farmland. Fungi (24 species and 1 sterile form) were found in 19.1% of SH (N = 89) and 60.4% of MH (N = 169). The estimated species richness (Chao2) was 29.8 ± 12.7 and 18.1 ± 2.5 (SD), respectively. Species composition of fungal communities differed significantly between SH and MH. The studied ephemeral habitats contributed markedly to fungal diversity, both locally and on the national scale. The occurrence of fungi in SH was significantly positively related to heap size, while fungal species number in MH depended most strongly on the degree of shielding, linked with proximity of woods or shelterbelts. The results show that both the reduction of SH and MH numbers in farmlands (required by the Nitrates Directive) and landscape simplification are unfavorable for fungal diversity.
... P. Kumm. and C. amarescens Harmaja, by smaller and darker basidiomata, presence of encrustation in the pileipellis, and mild taste [141,142,147]. [152], Świętokrzyskie Mts [153][154][155], Roztocze NP [156][157][158], Bieszczady Mts [102,159], Babia Góra NP [160], Jelonka res. [161], Wigry NP [13], and Tatry NP [162]. ...
... [182,183], Dębowiec res. [64], Świętokrzyskie Mts [153][154][155], vicinities of Annopol (Grabówka) [184], Chmielów [67], Sejny [185], Krotoszyn (Płyta Krotoszyńska region) [186,187], Bieszczady NP [102,159], Białowieża NP [46,68], Lubelszczyzna (sine loco) [157], Kruszewiec res. [188], Białe Góry res. ...
... Clamps present. This form differs from typical [200], Kielce, the Świętokrzyskie Mts [154,155,201], Pieniny NP [63], Skołczanka res. [202], Świebodzin [203], Łagowsko-Sulęciński LP [111], and Turów [204]. ...
Continuation of the mycological study of the fire-damaged pine forest in Kampinos National Park in central Poland in 2017 produced interesting new findings. Among the taxa collected, 36 were new to the park, six had not been hitherto reported from Poland ( Calycellina araneocincta , Ciliolarina aff. laetifica , Clitocybe metachroides , Galerina cerina f. longicystis , Parasola cuniculorum , Pleonectria pinicola ), and the previous status of one taxon ( Pleonectria cucurbitula ) had been uncertain. Short descriptions based on collected specimens have been prepared for all taxa new to Poland. The current number of taxa of macromycetes identified in Kampinos National Park has reached 1,604.
... 3). У низці праць також наголошується на експансивному характері поширення цього гриба (Łuszczyński, 2007;Wojewoda, Karasiński, 2010;Szczepkowski, Obidziński, 2012;Stebel, Błońska, 2016). ...
Information about distribution of three species of gasteromycetes listed in the Red Data Book of Ukraine, Clathrus ruber P.Micheli ex Pers., Mutinus ravenelii (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) E.Fisch., and Pseudocolus fusiformis (E.Fisch.) Lloyd (Phallales, Basidiomycota), is given. Undoubtedly, these fungi are alien species in Ukraine. Almost all findings of Clathrus ruber are reported in Crimea, especially in the Nikita Botanical Garden and adjacent areas. Most often, the fungus occurs in broadleaf and mixed forests, old parks or forest park areas. Every year the number of records of this fungus increases, it is actively spreading on the South Coast of Crimea. In addition, in 2017 C. ruber was found in Ivano-Frankivsk Region. Until 2009, M. ravenelii was recorded only in Volyn and Rivne regions. Now localities of this species are known in Ivano-Frankivsk, Khmelnytskyi, Kyiv, Lviv, Transcarpathian, and Zhytomyr regions, and in Kyiv city. The habitats of the fungus are mainly associated with anthropogenically transformed territories, but it can also occur in natural plant communities, especially along footpaths, on canal banks, etc. Pseudocolus fusiformis in Ukraine was recorded only once, in the Nikita Botanical Garden. Information on another record of this fungus from the Ukrainian Roztocze seems rather dubious. Taking into account that C. ruber, M. ravenelii and P. fusiformis are not native in Ukraine, it is proposed to exclude (delist) these species from the Red Data Book of Ukraine.
... P. Kumm.]; Kaczawskie Foothills. Notes: In Poland, the species hitherto known only from the Ojców NP[178], Kampinos NP[134], Łaznów Res.[175], and Świętokrzyskie Mts[169,170]. velutipes Bruchet; Izera Mts, Izerskie Foothills. Hemimycena candida (Bres.) ...
The paper presents the results of several years of mycological studies carried out in Poland, in the Western Sudety Mountains (the Karkonosze, Kaczawskie, Izera, and Rudawy Janowickie mountains), Western Sudety Foothills (the Izerskie and Kaczawskie Foothills), and adjacent regions, such as the Jelenia Góra Valley, Lubawska Gate, and Sudety Foreland (the Niemczańsko-Strzelińskie Hills). During the study, the presence of 985 fungal taxa (species, varieties, and forms) was recorded; of these, 66 had hitherto not been observed in Poland.
... The present paper reports this species for the first time from Tikrit district / Salahadin Governorate-North central Iraq. P. candolleana was reported from North America (Kuo, 2011 a, b), Iran (Karim and Kavosi, 2013), Turkey (Sesli and Denchev, 2008), Poland (Luszczynski, 2007), Greece (Polemis et al., 2012), Pakistan (Razaq et al., 2014), Argentina (Niveiro and Alberto, 2012) and India (Gogoi and Parkash, 2015). Species : P. spadiceogrisea (Schaeff.) ...
... Spring-Summer. Suliaman et al. (2017) reported this species from Iraqi Kurdistan (Northern Iraq) and the present paper reports this (Kuo, 2011c), Turkey (Sesli and Denchev, 2008), Poland (Luszczynski, 2007), Serbia (Vukojevic et al., 2016) and Cameron (Kinge et al., 2013). ...
