Table 1 - uploaded by Reyad Awwad Shawabkeh
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Activated carbon is produced from pecan shells by chemical activation using phosphoric acid. This activation is followed by
the treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate to prepare the surface for the adsorption of phenol and methylene blue from aqueous
solution. The results showed a great ability for methylene blue removal with sorption capacity of 41...
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The adsorption of phenol and lead (II) onto granular activated carbon (GAC) in single and binary system has been studied using fixed bed adsorber. A general rate multi-component model has been utilized to predict the fixed bed breakthrough curves for dual-component system. This model considers both external and internal mass transfer resistances as...
In this study, magnetic activated carbons were produced from activated carbon, and the adsorption capacities of both were determined. The adsorption experiments were carried out as a function of initial concentration, pH and time. The adsorption kinetic data were well-described by the Lagergren first-order model. The kinetic studies showed that the...
A commercial activated carbon was utilized for the adsorptive removal of phenol and o-cresol from dilute aqueous solutions. Batch mode adsorption studies were performed by varying parameters such as concentration of phenol solution, time, pH and temperature. The well known Freundlich, Langmuir and Redlich-Peterson isotherm equations were applied fo...
Carbonaceous adsorbents with controllable surface area and the microporous volume ratio (Vmicro/Vpore) were activated from carbonized corncobs (i.e., char) with KOH etching plus CO2 gasification in this work. Activated carbons derived from KOH/char ratio equal to 1 and CO2 gasification time from 0 to 60 min exhibited BET surface area increasing fro...
The adsorption of non biodegradable compounds (phenol) from aqueous solutions over activated carbon samples is studied at 20°C in this paper. The adsorption has been investigated for two different sizes of commercial carbon particles. The influence of particle size is evaluated and it appears that adsorption capacity of activated carbon does not ch...
Citations
... It has been reported that the optimum pH of biodegradation of different aromatic compounds was different from one bacterium to another, for example, the optimum pH of biodegradation of 4-CBA by Arthrobacter is 6.8 [33], and pH between 8 and 11 were ideal for decomposition. The biosynthesis of phenol and catechol by Halomonas campisalis bacteria for the biological degradation of phenol by Klebsiella oxytoca, was 6.8 [34]. Among these conditions examined, acid and alkaline media (pH 5.5 and more than 7, respectively) favored a lower degradation rate (8.3 and 11.6 ppm/h) while neutral culture media (pH 7.0) exhibited the highest biodegradation rate (19.4 ppm/h). ...
... It is known that temperature has an important role, sometimes more than the availability of nutrients for the degradation of organic pollutants, including phenol [7]. All biological reactions that participate in the decomposition pathway have an optimum temperature and pH, and therefore will not have the same metabolic rate in different conditions [34]. It is known that each bacterial species has a specific range of optimum growth temperatures, for example it has been reported that Corynebacterum glutamicum decomposes phenol at an appropriate temperature between 30-37ºC [42]. ...
Phenol is one of the most important environmental pollutants that are found in sewage and industrial
water from which agricultural lands are irrigated. In this study Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens
bacterium was isolated in pure culture from phenol-uncontaminated farmland soil. Its ability to
biodegrade phenol was examined. C. flaccumfaciens demonstrated its ability to use phenol as a
source of carbon and energy in batch cultures. The isolated strain was able to completely biodegrade
700 mg/L phenol in a reasonable incubation period (96 h). However, these bacteria were able to
completely remove 700 mg/L of phenol in a reasonable incubation period (96 h). The degradation rate
of phenol was 19.4 ppm/h. However, they also endured higher concentrations than 1200 mg/L, but had
a lower biodegradation rate because of cytotoxicity generated by phenol concentration of more than
700 mg/L. It was observed that the biodegradation process of phenol occurred at pH 7.0 to obtain
maximum degradation of phenol by C. flaccumfaciens. In addition, the biodegradation of phenols
occurred over a large range of incubation temperature (25 to 37ºC) where 28ºC was the optimum
incubation temperature for C. flaccumfaciens cells for phenol biodegradation. Since this is, the first
study related to the use of C. flaccumfaciens in the biodegradation process of phenol, more works need
to be done, whether from a biochemical or molecular biology point of view.
... On the other hand, the electronegativity of Pb, which is 2.33 (Pauling scale) is higher than that of Zn (1.65 on Pauling scale); this makes the negatively charged surface of titania more attractive to Zn than Pb. However, the sum of these two factors (charge to volume ratio and electronegativity) makes titania more attractive for Pb than Zn, as indicated by the adsorption isotherms [29,30]. ...
Sol-gel process with continuous ultrasonication was used to produce pure and vanadium doped titania powders. The amount of vanadium doped in titania was varied by using different initial concentrations of vanadium solutions. Scanning electron microscopy and particle size analyses showed formation of spherical shaped particles with diameter ranging from 3 to 11 nm. The average pore volume was 0.0248 cm³/g, and the surface areas of pure and V-doped titania were 62.9 and 66.1 m²/g, respectively. The maximum amount of vanadium doped on titania catalyst, as determined using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was 1.7 wt%, and the X-ray diffraction patterns showed the presence of mainly anatase form of titania. The photocatalytic activities of pure and V-doped titania were tested for methylene blue, and the metal uptake was found to increase from 10 mg/g for pure titania to 17 mg/g for V-doped titania. Adsorption isotherms for removal of lead and zinc from aqueous solutions were generated under ultraviolet exposure for 24 h, and the results revealed that the photocatalytic activity was enhanced when titania was doped with vanadium.
... Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), an anionic surfactant, is used as cleaning and hygiene products [27]. Recently, the modification that is based on SDS adsorption at the solid-fluid interface has been applied for the determination of various analytes [28][29][30]. Ahn et al. reported the removal of Cd from aqueous solution by AC impregnated with SDS [31]. Hon et al. investigated the AC modified with SDS as a solid phase sorbent for the separation and preconcentration of trace Cd in water samples [32]. ...
In the present study, activated carbon (AC) surface modified with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), written as SDS/AC, was applied as an adsorbent for preconcentration and determination of trace amount of cadmium ions in environmental sample waters. The SDS modification on AC was performed at the same time, while cadmium ions were concentrated in the flow system as solid-phase extraction. After the separation and preconcentration steps, cadmium retained on SDS/AC was eluted with HNO3 and was subsequently determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The analytical parameters that influence the quantitative determination of trace cadmium, such as SDS concentration, pH and volume of sample solution, eluent conditions, and interference, were optimized. At the optimum conditions, the general matrix elements had little interference on the proposed procedure. The detection limits was 17 ng·L−1, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) for 12 experiments at 10 µg·L−1 cadmium solutions was 2.8%. The developed method was applied into the analysis of environmental samples spiked cadmium.
... Eco-friendly activated carbon (AC) from date palm kernel pits is one of the most significant kinds of industrial carbon materials. The activated carbon is produced by carbonization and activation of a large number of agricultural products such as wood (Danish and Ahmad 2018;Sajjadi et al. 2019), coal (Li et al. 2019), olive stones (Martinez et al. 2006;Yahya et al. 2015), apricot stones (Kobya et al. 2005), oil palm stones (Lua and Guo 2000), sugar cane bagasse (Amin 2008), date stones (Ahmad et al. 2012;Ahmed and Theydan 2012;Ahmed 2016), almond shells (Omri et al. 2013), pecan shells (Shawabkeh and Abu-Nameh 2007), and lignite (De Gisi et al. 2016;Esaa et al. 2013;Jain et al. 2015;Haimour and Emeish 2006). Production of activated carbon is auspicious resulting from its higher mandate in wide applications including the gas purification (Santos-Clotas et al. 2019), wastewater reclamation (Ahmed 2016;Im et al. 2019), catalyst supports (Narowska et al. 2019), petrochemical (Liang et al. 2019), beverage and food (Streit et al. 2019), as well as chemical branch (Bagheri et al. 2015;Marin et al. 2006;Bouchelta et al. 2008). ...
We successfully developed a fast detection system based on orthogonal dual-pulsed laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (DP-LIBS) to characterize the level of a new low-cost adsorbent material prepared from date palm kernel pits. The activated carbon (AC) was produced from different heated and chemically treated date palm kernel pit samples to be used as adsorbent material for the removal of some pollutants from wastewater. The quantitative, as well as qualitative analysis, was performed using the DP-LIBS analytical technique. Hence, the valuable elements like the carbon present in the date palm kernel pits was perfectly recognized. The registered spectra of the sample cover the spectral lines of carbon. The quantitative analysis of carbon, carried out in different samples of date palm kernel pits, using DP-LIBS revealed that the estimated limit of detection of carbon in these samples is about 225.19 mg/L. The precision of DP-LIBS data for determining the concentration of activated carbon element present in the date palm kernel pits was validated via the inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as a standard technique.
... Even at a very low concentration of value 0.1 mg/L, chlorophenols cause undesirable effects in potable water. The acceptable limit of phenol in drinking water is 0.002 mg/L (Shawabkeh and Abu-Namesh, 2007). ...
... Where q e is the adsorbed amount at equilibrium (mg/g), C e is the concentration of adsorbate at equilibrium (mg/l),q m is the maximum adsorption capacity and K L is the Langmuir constant related to the energy of adsorption (Shawabkeh and Abu-Nameh 2007), q m and K L can be deduced from the slope and intercept by plotting C e q e againstC e . ...
In this study, sewage sludge-derived activated carbon (SDAC) was synthesized, characterized, and tested for its potential as an adsorbent of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). The SDAC was produced by activating the sludge with zinc chloride and subsequently subjected to various ranges of pyrolytic temperatures. It was then characterized using SEM/EDX, BET, and TGA. The SEM-EDX analyses showed that impurities like Fe, Al, Mg, Mn, Ca, and Na of the raw sludge were removed by the higher pyrolytic temperature and acid-washing procedures. TGA showed the thermal stability of the produced material. Results of the BET revealed a significant increase in surface area of the sludge from 1.5 m²/g to 385 m²/g after acid washing. The MTBE removal efficiency of 70% was achieved after 60 min with 2 g/L of SDAC at pH 6, and initial MTBE concentration of 1 ppm. The adsorption kinetics of SDAC fitted into pseudo-second-order reactions. This work demonstrated a beneficial use of a bio-waste material (sewage sludge) in water treatment technologies.
... This is evident by the removal percentage of more than 90% acquired on Mesoporous Silica and functionalized hybrids. It is understood from the literature that addition of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) reduces the adsorption for phenols (Shawabkeh & Abu-Nameh, 2007). However, the enhanced adsorption in the present study may be explained on the basis that non-ionic surfactant (P104) facilitates adsorption in comparison to ionic (SDS). ...
In developing countries like Pakistan, industries do not allocate budget for control and treatment of pollution due to limited resources. Most of the pollutants emitted from these industries are usually re-usable but their capture from waste is highly uneconomical. This goal can be attained by synthesizing the advanced materials such as silica hybrids, the class of silica hybrids consisting of inorganic silica linked with organic ligands to form network structure. Their high porosity, surface area, and crystallin-ity provide a way for removing large amount of pollutants with small quantity of silica hybrids. These applications include the use of powder hybrids as adsorbent for removal of different pollutants such as heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and toxic organic chemicals. These functionalized hybrids can be further fabricated into thin films. This new form will be further used for catalytic degradation of various pollutants. Besides all these applications, these hybrids will have the potential to be used as sensors for detecting various pollutants in industries.
... This is evident by the removal percentage of more than 90% acquired on mesoporous silica. It is understood from the literature that addition of surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) reduces the adsorption for phenols (Shawabkeh and Abu-Nameh 2007). However, the enhanced adsorption in the present study may be explained on the basis that nonionic surfactant (P104) facilitates adsorption in comparison to ionic (SDS). ...
Mesoporous silica is chemically and thermally stable nanomaterial with well-defined and controllable morphology and porosity. These nanoparticles possess external and internal surfaces that can be selectively functionalized with multiple organic and inorganic groups. On the basis of these characteristics, present research focused on the synthesis mesoporous silica that is expected to find progressively their place as economical adsorbents for decontamination of variety of pollutants. The qualitative performance scale of each adsorbent is characterized as Excellent for Chromium, Very good for Lead, Good for Arsenic and fairly good for Mercury. Phenols depict the removal percentage of more than 90% acquired on mesoporous silica. PAHs show adsorption capacity of 66-72% on mesoporous silica and are reported to be good adsorbent for naphthalene. The highest uptake of active Cr is attributed to its transition nature that imparts catalytically immobilized while phenols are observed to take the lead by showing more adsorption than PAHs.
... The use of low-cost adsorbents originating from agricultural wastes instead of the highly priced conventional methods for removal of organic [1][2][3][4][5], inorganic [6][7][8] and heavy metal pollutants from waste water, has gained considerable attention. ...
The carbonaceous material Roselle stalk (Hibiscus sabdarriffa L.) is used as precursor for preparing activated carbons. The samples were activated physically by pyrolysis under nitrogen flow (two series 700 & 800 o C) with activation under carbon dioxide gas and chemically by ZnCl2 or H3PO 4 (two series 500 & 800 o C). The effects of different activation parameters on the production of well-developed activated carbon from Roselle stalk were studied through controlled and optimized experimental conditions. The effects of activation temperature and impregnation ratio on the textural properties of the Activated Carbon (AC) were also investigated. The samples were characterized by (FTIR), (SEM), (TGA) and nitrogen adsorption. The specific surface areas were calculated by the BET equation and by the αs method. Micropore volumes were calculated using αs while pore size distribution was determined by (DFT). The present study showed that the production of activated carbon with well-developed porosity and highly specific surface area from Roselle stalk using both physical and chemical activation process is possible. The activation temperature and impregnation ratio appear to have the predominant effect on the textural characteristics of the prepared activated carbon. Compared to physical activation, chemical activation resulted in higher yield percentage value and higher BET surface areas. ZnCl2 as activating agent gave the highest value of yield percentage and BET surface area.
... In activated carbons, a broad peak due to reflections from the planes can be clearly seen. The broadness of the peak indicates the amorphous nature of the carbon sample [20]. Fig.6. ...
