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With the increasing environmental requirements for recycling technologies at the end of product lifecycle, active disassembly is becoming more and more important especially for electric and electronic product recycling. Active disassembly using smart material (ADSM) has been studied in the past decade. However, ADSM have not been widely applied due...
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... They frequently come in useful shapes and can be made of materials other than plastics, such as metals [12] and fiber composites. From a more general standpoint of sustainability, snap fits simplicity of disassembly makes it easier to recycle parts [13] made of various materials, which promotes more environmentally responsible behaviour throughout the lifespan of both components and the final product. Cantilever constructions have existed for a very long time. ...
Adhesive bonding, mechanical fastening, and snap-fit are all ways for attaching plastic components together. Snap-fit is employed to assemble plastic parts because it is an efficient, cost-effective, and fast joining technique. When it comes to snap-fits, you have two options: separable and inseparable. The term separable refers to the ability of the components to be dismantled successfully without breaking, whereas inseparable refers to the plastic parts being permanently attached. This investigation focuses on cantilever snap-fit since it is frequently used in the automotive, aerospace, and other sectors. Numerous aspects and parameters affect the functioning of snap-fits, notably on the forces of the insertion and retention. The parameters are the feature thickness (Tb), beam length (Lb), beam width (Wb), base radius (Rb), mounting (α) and dismounting angle (β). The forces required to attach and detach the snap-fits are thought to increase as the insertion and retention angles increase. The results can be seen that higher insertion and retention angle contributes to higher insertion and retention forces as portrayed from Set 7 with the value of 1.1052 N and -1.0214 N.
... Tasarım parametreleri ile iki ana birleşim arasındaki korelasyon, ana tasarımın hedefleri, maksimum sapma ve eşleşme gücü, FEA yazılımı kullanılarak analiz etmiştir. Bu tasarımın olası alternatiflerden biri olduğu, böylece akıllı malzeme kullanımın azalacağı ve malzemenin mekanik özelliklerinin artırılacağı düşünülmektedir [6]. Geçmeli bağlantı parçaları mevcut olan en ucuz ve hızlı bağlantılardan biridir. ...
Snap-fits are preferred when mounting injection-molded plastic parts with complex geometries, locking them in place of chemical
adhesives and screws. The use of Snap-fits is based on the accurate calculation of the interface and the associated coupling strength.
In this study, a Modal Analysis process was carried out for the products obtained by using Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol copolymer (PET-G) materials of a connecting element with
locking detail on the movable, which is described as beam or movable. Harmonic Analysis was performed using the data obtained
from Modal Analysis. The obtained data were interpreted.
Karmaşık geometriye sahip enjeksiyon kalıplı plastik parça montajında, kimyasal yapıştırıcı ve vidalama yerine esneyerek
kilitlenen bağlantılar (snap-fits) tercih edilmektedir. Bu bağlantıların kullanımı ara yüzey ve ilgili eşleşme kuvvetinin doğru
hesaplanmasına dayanmaktadır. Bu çalışma da, kiriş ya da ayaklı diye tarif edilen ayakucunda kilitleme detayı bulunan bir bağlantı
elemanının Polilaktik Asit (PLA), Akrilonitril Bütadien Stiren (ABS) ve Polietilen Terefitalat Glikol kopolimer (PET-G)
malzemeleri kullanılarak elde edilen modeller için Modal analiz işlemi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modal analizden elde edilen veriler
kullanılarak harmonik cevap analizi yapılmıştır. Sonuçta elde edilen veriler yorumlanmıştır.
... c o m / l o c a t e / m a t d e s polymer materials, has been an active field [1][2][3][4][5][6]. SMPs arouse increasing attention both in academic research and industries in the past twenty years, which are attributed to their advantages [7][8][9][10]. SMPs are low in density and price, and they own excellent recovery ability and superior processability [11,12] in comparison with shape memory ceramics (SMCs) and shape memory alloys (SMAs) [13,14]. ...
In this work, a functionalized hybrid Al2O3-GO was fabricated and introduced into trans-1,4-polyisoprene (TPI) matrix as a new filler. The incorporation of the hybrid optimized the heat resistance, mechanical strength, and fracture toughness of the composites simultaneously. The ultrathin GO shells at Al2O3-TPI interfaces were considered to be the main reason for the enhancement. They effectively enhanced the interfacial interaction of the Al2O3-GO/TPI nanocomposites, thus greatly improved the thermodynamic properties of the TPI. The mechanical, thermal, and shape memory properties of nanocomposites were characterized through systematic tests from microscale to macroscale. According to the experimental results, the nanocomposite samples with GO (0.9 wt%) and Al2O3 nanoparticles (1.2 wt%) show the best thermal and mechanical properties in comparison with other samples, and a good shape memory property was obtained or realized in the fabricated nanocomposites. We believe this new and effective approach may open a novel interface design strategy for developing high performance composites. Keywords: Al2O3-GO nanohybrids, Polymer nanocomposite, Thermodynamic properties, Shape memory
... Tasarım parametreleri ile iki ana birleşim arasındaki korelasyon, ana tasarımın hedefleri, maksimum sapma ve eşleşme gücü, FEA yazılımı kullanılarak analiz etmiştir. Bu tasarımın olası alternatiflerden biri olduğu, böylece akıllı malzeme kullanımın azalacağı ve malzemenin mekanik özelliklerinin artırılacağı düşünülmektedir [6]. Geçmeli bağlantı parçaları mevcut olan en ucuz ve hızlı bağlantılardan biridir. ...
Snap-fits are preferred when mounting injection-molded plastic parts with complex geometries, locking them in place of chemical
adhesives and screws. The use of Snap-fits is based on the accurate calculation of the interface and the associated coupling strength.
In this study, a Modal Analysis process was carried out for the products obtained by using Polylactic Acid (PLA), Acrylonitrile
Butadiene Styrene (ABS) and Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol copolymer (PET-G) materials of a connecting element with
locking detail on the movable, which is described as beam or movable. Harmonic Analysis was performed using the data obtained
from Modal Analysis. The obtained data were interpreted.
... Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) have attracted significant attention due to their potential application in various areas, such as biomedical devices [1,2], smart textiles [3] and engineering [4]. Shape-memory polymers can adopt temporary shapes and spontaneously transform to their original shapes when exposed to a specific external stimulus, such as heat, light, electric, and chemical moieties [5,6]. ...
In this paper, we developed a photo-thermo staged-responsive shape-memory polymer network which has a unique ability of being spontaneously photo-responsive deformable and thermo-responsive shape recovery. This new type of shape-memory polyurethane network (A-SMPUs) was successfully synthesized with 4,4-azodibenzoic acid (Azoa), hexamethylenediisocyanate (HDI) and polycaprolactone (PCL), followed by chemical cross-linking with glycerol (Gl). The structures, morphology, and shape-memory properties of A-SMPUs have been carefully investigated. The results demonstrate that the A-SMPUs form micro-phase separation structures consisting of a semi-crystallized PCL soft phase and an Azoa amorphous hard phase that could influence the crystallinity of PCL soft phases. The chemical cross-linking provided a stable network and good thermal stability to the A-SMPUs. All A-SMPUs exhibited good triple-shape-memory properties with higher than 97% shape fixity ratio and 95% shape recovery ratio. Additionally, the A-SMPUs with higher Azoa content exhibited interesting photo-thermo two-staged responsiveness. A pre-processed film with orientated Azoa structure exhibited spontaneous curling deformation upon exposing to ultraviolet (UV) light, and curling deformation is constant even under Vis light. Finally, the curling deformation can spontaneously recover to the original shape by applying a thermal stimulus. This work demonstrates new synergistically multi-responsive SMPUs that will have many applications in smart science and technology.
... A relatively new alternative to the currently used connections is a socket -pin connection., e.g. [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. The idea of these connections relies on the fact, that between the socket and the pin we need a suitable interference fit or specially formed clip to carry the load. ...
Different types of techniques are used in joining of aircraft structures. The classical solutions are mechanical or bonding joining. A prospective alternative to the currently used connections (e.g. mechanical, adhesive and hybrid ones) is a socket - pin connection type. Generally, they are purely mechanical joints. Depending on the shape, they have different commercial names such as: Interlock, Snaplock, Snapfit Gridlock. The idea of these connections relies on the fact, that between the socket and the pin we need a suitable interference fit or specially formed clip to carry the load. The advantages of this type of connection of different structural parts is very fast assembly after pressing joined parts together. The use of socket - pin connection eliminates the presence of the human error and reduces production costs as an individual connection is made by CNC machine tools.The paper presents an analysis of the influence of a several technological problems concerning the socket and the pin manufacturing, on the value of force required for the joint connection and disconnection. A number of numerical simulations was made in ABAQUS program to examine the effect of such parameters as: the presence of interference fit, the use of spherical latches, the use of different rigidity in the shaft by making cuts with variable width and length, the use of different angles of inclination of the working part of the slot.
... Although SMPs have only been discovered recently, they have greatly enhanced and raised their industrial applications and capabilities such as; wires [1][2][3][4], stents [5][6][7], bio degradable stent [8], coil [9], Braille paper [1,2], self assembly/disassembly screws [10], self open hole, fasteners and snap-fit design for self disassembly [10][11][12][13][14][15], winglet [2,3], hinges, booms, antennas, optical mirrors for space cars [3,16,17]. To improve serial production it is important to know their molding characterizations. ...
Shape memorypolymers (SMPs) are materials which have shape memory effect (SME). SME is a property which has the ability to change shape when induced by a stimulator such as temperature, moisture, pH, electric current,magnetic field, light, etc. A process, known as programming, is applied to SMP parts in order to alter them from their permanent shape to their temporary shape. In this study we investigated effects of injection molding and programming processes on residual stresses in molded thermoplastic polyurethane shape memorypolymer, experimentally. The residual stresses were measured by layer removal method. The study shows that injection molding and programming process conditions have significantly influence on residual stresses in molded shape memory polyurethane parts.
... Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) have stimulated research interest from both academia and industries over the last decades, because of their ability, after the so-called programming process, to memorize any shape change experienced so as to revert back to their original shape once needed in response to an external stimulus such as heat [1,2]. Owing to this unique property, SMPs have found increasing applications in aerospace, biomedical, transport, construction, electronic, textile and consumer products where the potential of shape fixity or recovery is exploited for desired functions [3][4][5][6]. Recently however, several other associated memory phenomena including stress memory [7], temperature memory [8], chrome memory [9] and electric memory [10] have also been reported in such polymers, thus it seems more appropriate therefore to call them memory polymers (MPs) in general. ...
In current practice of compression therapy, there has been a challenge of compression controlling and need for multiple devices to achieve different functions. Herein, the potential of a thermal-sensitive memory polymer, namely, polyurethane (MPU), is explored in designing a prototype that acts as a flexible bandage system to provide dual benefits (heat and pressure) simultaneously for a desired compression. After preconditioning, the thermomechanical behavior of the MPU becomes repeatable and consistent, which can be programmed to remember (store) and retrieve reversibly a prescribed internal stress, responsive to an external stimulus around its transition temperature (Ttrans). The smart bandage system is then built using the MPU actuator which integrates electric resistive wires as both a heat source for thermal therapy and stimulus for trigger control. The compression can also be easily switched between static and dynamic (massage) modes using a pro-set thermal stimulus. This paper also addresses several challenging issues and design considerations for the prototype. Theoretical analyses have been applied to predict the device performance, showing excellent agreement with experimental results. This work sheds insights for broadening the applications of stress memory and for engineering smart products needing stimulus responsive forces such as dynamic cushions, pressure garment and electronic actuators.
... This results from necessity of a dense mesh to represent mechanical fasteners, a large number of contact pairs causing that the problem becomes highly nonlinear, necessity of using damage and fracture criteria (e.g. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]) for both mechanical fasteners and adhesive. ...
... To combine the advantages and disadvantages of above mentioned connections, hybrid joints are used such as: riveted -adhesive, spot weld -adhesive (e.g. [39,40,56,58]), clinched -adhesive [41 -50, 52] and others. ...
... Another problem, that occurs when using the socket -pin joints, is disconnection. The authors in papers [57,58] propose the use of a shape memory material for joints manufacturing. In this case the pin model consists of two parts: the outer -for load carrying and the internal -used to trigger opening. ...
The paper presents an analysis of the influence of a number of technological aspects of both the socket and the pin on the value of the force required for joint disconnection. A number of numerical simulations were made in Abaqus program to examine effects of such parameters as: presence of an interference fit, use of spherical latches, application of different rigidity of the pin by making cuts with variable width and length, use of different angles of inclination of the working part of the connection. Models of different simple joints presented in this work, can also operate in large structures forming panels of aircraft structures. For this purpose one of the analyzed geometry of the connection was applied to create a 3-D panel model of the structural element in CAD - SolidWorks program. All analysed models with different geometries were subjected to simulation of opening process. The corresponding critical forces were estimated for the beginning of the failure process. The detailed discussion of all model parameters was included to specify their influence on the whole disconnection of joints. It should be noted that aerospace structures work under complex loading states and further numerical studies are required to extend the presented results.
... Differently, there are other cases where companies are involved in the co-development of smart materials and their consumer durables application. For example, He et al. reported the applications of SMP for snap-fits in Nokia mobile phones [22], while Hayashi et al., reported their SMP applications within Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd. [23]. To induce, publications have suggested that co-developments have been driving the applications of shape changing smart materials in consumer durables. ...
Smart materials have drawn substantial attention and interest in a broad range of applications, due to their unique and superior characteristics. However there is a blurry image over the potential applications of smart materials in consumer durables. This has stalled further research and decision making in innovating consumer durables based on smart material technologies. This literature survey investigates the applications of smart materials in consumer durables in a retrospective manner. The analysis revealed the frequency distribution of the publications based on the reported application on 7 classes of smart materials in ten consumer durable categories. The results show that shape changing smart material is the most frequently used and widely distributed class of smart material. Nonetheless, shape changing smart materials applications in consumer durables are still limited. On the basis of our main findings we discussed about the new opportunities and directions for future research and application in consumer durables. As conclusion to this research, cross-disciplinary research between the domain of material engineering and product design, through dedicated methods and software tools were proposed in order to improve the situation.
