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The use of cement as a soil stabilization agent is one of the common solutions to enhancing the engineering properties of soil. However, the impact and cost of using cement have raised environmental concerns, generating much interest in the search for alternative materials to reduce the use of cement as a stabilizing agent in soil treatment. This s...
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... fly ash with a specific gravity of 2.9 was used to reduce cement content, and it is classified as Class "C" in accordance with ASTM C618-17a [19]. The physical appearances of cement and fly ash are presented in Figure 2, and Table 2 lists the chemical composition, loss of ignition (LOI) and specific surface area of each of these materials. ...
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This paper aims to study the feasibility of low cement content foamed concrete using waste lime mud (LM) and fly ash (FA) as mineral additives. The LM/FA ratio was first optimized based on the compressive strength. Isothermal calorimetry test, ESEM, and XRD were used to investigate the role of LM during hydration. Afterward, the optimized LM/FA rat...
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... To secure structures constructed on this type of soil, engineers and designers must adopt appropriate methods to enhance the soil's engineering behaviour. Research has demonstrated that peat soil has low strength and extreme compressibility, which can be addressed through techniques such as blending peat soil with normal soil, installing stone and sand columns, utilizing fabricated vertical drains, preloading, applying surface reinforcement, stabilizing with mechanical and chemical additives, and implementing pile foundations [5]. Recent research on stabilizing peat soil using admixtures and binding agents has improved and helps to understand its geotechnical properties. ...
... Fly ash and polypropylene fibre can significantly reduce the environmental impact and cost of cement usage in peat soil stabilization. The combination of 30% fly ash and 0.15% PPF with cement offers superior mechanical properties and increased hydration products [5]. From the review of various literature, it was observed that Stabilization and consolidation can considerably improve the shear strength of peat soil. ...
... Se categoriza también al cemento como refuerzo para adobesuelo ( + ) (Goutsaya et al., 2021;Ruiz et al., 2018). También, se utiliza esta combinación, pero como mortero base (adobe/suelo/cemento) y se agrega plástico como refuerzo ( + ), siendo el refuerzo en estos casos PET (Araya-Letelier et al., 2019b;Consoli et al., 2002;Gordillo-Monteza, 2020;Guio-Pérez, 2019;Oliveira-Metzker et al., 2022;Paschoalin-Filho et al., 2016;Subramania-Prasad et al., 2011Vázquez-Greciano, 2018), PP (Donkor et al., 2021;Donkor & Obonyo, 2015;Radwan et al., 2021), PE (Binici et al., 2005(Binici et al., , 2007, plástico virgen (Jayaram et al., 2021) y plástico no especificado (Binici et al., 2005(Binici et al., , 2007 y Bar Chip (El-Emam & Al-Tamimi, 2022). Se agrega la categoría de ladrillos de concreto reforzados con algún tipo de plástico o polímero, ( + ) para contrastar la variación de las propiedades físico-mecánicas respecto al adobe con refuerzos similares. ...
... MPa . Para la categoría + , se analizaron 15 estudios (Araya-Letelier et al., 2019b;Binici et al., 2005Binici et al., , 2007Consoli et al., 2002;Donkor & Obonyo, 2015;El-Emam & Al-Tamimi, 2022;Gordillo-Monteza, 2020;Guio-Pérez, 2019;Jayaram et al., 2021;Oliveira-Metzker et al., 2022;Paschoalin-Filho et al., 2016;Radwan et al., 2021;Subramania-Prasad, 2013;Subramania-Prasad et al., 2011;Vázquez-Greciano, 2018 ...
... %. Esto es consistente con la tendencia indicada por Radwan et al. (2021), donde se indica que a mayor cantidad de incorporación de cemento, se incrementa la densidad del adobe (a partir del 10 % de contenido de cemento, se observa ∆ de 100 kg/m 3 , por cada 10 % de incremento de contenido de cemento). Para la categoría + , se tiene únicamente el estudio de Farias-Solano (2019), que evalúa como refuerzo la fibra PET al 30 %, con valores de = 2180 kg/m 3 , = 2060 kg/ m 3 y ∆ = −5,50 %. ...
El objetivo del presente trabajo es realizar un análisis comparativo de investigaciones relacionadas a la determinación de propiedades físico-mecánicas de unidades de construcción (adobes y ladrillos) hechos de suelo, suelo-cemento y concreto con refuerzos diversos para proveer un panorama sobre procedimientos que conduzcan a la mejora del desempeño de estas unidades de construcción. Se analiza la variación porcentual de resistencia a la compresión, tensión, flexión, aislamiento térmico, densidad y absorción de agua acorde al tipo de refuerzo y mortero base. La incorporación de cemento como refuerzo parece tener el mayor efecto en la mejora de desempeño por resistencia a la compresión, los plásticos al aislamiento térmico, densidad y absorción de agua y los vegetales en resistencia a la tensión.
... The results revealed that the optimum amount of PET used ranged from 1.0 to 1.5%. Mohammed et al. [10] limited the amount of cement used to stabilize peat soil to FA, polypropylene fibers (PPFs), and OPC. The test results showed that using 30% FA with 30% cement improved the USC test results for peat soil by 430%. ...
This study aims to investigate the effect of novel high-strength polyethylene fiber s on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) behavior of concrete produced with admixed Bangkok clay cement. Bangkok clay samples were prepared at a liquid limit of 88% and were added to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10% by weight; polyethylene fibers were also added at 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5% by volume. These samples were cured for 7, 14, and 28 days and subjected to an unconfined compressive test. From the test results, the cement content of 8% by weight was the optimum, and a polyethylene fiber content of 1% by volume is recommended. Moreover, the novel high-strength polyethylene fiber with 0.2 mm in diameter and 6 mm in length provided the maximum UCS value.
... Several materials and techniques have been used in soil stabilization such as cement stabilization [15,16], lime stabilization [5,6,17], bituminous stabilization [18,19], electrical stabilization [20,21], grouting [22,23], fly ash stabilization [24,25], burned sludge stabilization [26][27][28], sisal fiber stabilization [29,30], polypropylene stabilization [31,32], and compaction [33]. These materials and techniques were used to increase the shear strength properties, as well as to reduce settlement, compressibility, and expansion of the soils. ...
Construction of earth fill dams offers a cost-effective solution for various purposes. However, their susceptibility to internal soil erosion, known as piping, poses a significant risk of structural failure and resultant loss of life and property. Soil stabilization emerges as a practical technique to fortify these dams against such threats. This study investigated the impact of lime on the internal erosion properties of clay soils, focusing on CH and ML soil types. Specimens of different lime content were prepared and remolded at 95% relative compaction and optimum moisture content. Hole Erosion tests at varying lime concentrations and curing durations were adapted to conduct the investigation. This investigation aims to optimize lime content and curing time for cohesive soil stabilization against internal erosion. Findings revealed that 2% and 5% of quicklime, by dry weight of the soil, effectively stabilized CH and ML soils, respectively, against internal erosion, with a two-day curing period proving optimal. Furthermore, the addition of lime significantly enhanced erosion rate index and critical shear strength in clay soil, underscoring its efficacy in soil stabilization efforts.
... Correspondingly, peat soil can clearly be seen to have a high micro-structure of voids in the form of high porosity, as shown in Figure 4-a. In fact, it is clear, as stated, that internal microcracks are accompanied by hydration products [26]. Figure 4-b shows the presence of a small, uneven distribution of microcracks and rounded materials in the stabilized soil with the addition of 5% NaOH. ...
... These microcracks could be attributed to the presence of NaOH particles. This phenomenon has been discussed as the stabilized peat soil exhibits small expansion during the hydration process while the peat soil shrinks as the moisture is reduced [26]. In this study, it is identified as a crystallization process and visibly shown to attach to peat particles, as consistently shown in Figures 4-b, 4-c, and 4-d. ...
Peat in various phases of decomposition has poor shear strength and high compressive deformation. For this research study, it will focus on stabilizing peat soil using NaOH. There are two main tests that were conducted in this research study, which are index property testing and the compaction test. For index property testing, there were six (6) experiments conducted to study the index properties of disturbed peat soil, which are moisture content, fiber content, organic content, liquid limit, pH, and specific gravity. Then, for the compaction test, a 4.5kg rammer was used to determine the best mixture of stabilizer blended with different volumes of 5%, 7%, and 9% stabilizer. The desired outcome of this study is to stimulate further research into the use of the chemical NaOH as a peat soil stabilizer for improved soil usage. 7% and 9% of NaOH only have a slightly different percentage, and it can be concluded that this was the optimum percentage of NaOH as a chemical stabilizer for peat soil. It can be seen clearly that 5% is the higher dry density with a lesser moisture content of the peat. When the percentage of NaOH was increased, the graph pattern also changed. NaOH has been observed as an alteration agent for peat soil dry density. It can be seen clearly that 5% NaOH is the higher dry density of the peat with the lesser moisture content and is suitable as a peat soil stabilizer. The increment of oxygen content recorded changes from 13.3% to 23%, while the sodium (Na) content decreased significantly with the increment of oxygen (O). Sodium content decreased from 8.7% for untreated specimens to 4.5% and 5.5% when peat was treated with NaOH, with 5% of NaOH and 9% of NaOH. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-09-09 Full Text: PDF
... The peat soil stabilization method has been widely applied to improve the soil's physical and engineering properties. Several environmentally friendly stabilizing agents such as rice husk ash, CaCO3, and fly ash have been used to increase these parameters [4,5,6,7] with satisfactory results. Different research has been conducted concerning fibrous peat soils' stabilization and a comparison of these results showed that among other stabilizing materials, the use of fly ash was much more satisfying [5,6,8]. ...
... The engineering properties of the stabilized peat were examined by the following: direct shear Coulomb's theory, and the use of two-dimensional consolidation to determine the amount of compression that occurred. According to previous research [7,9,16,17,18,19,20], the degree of peat decomposition, the distribution of the fibers within the peat, and the peat's water content all have a significant impact on the shear strength of the core peat soil. Figure 11 shows the value of the shear strength of stabilized peat with a traffic load of 50 kPa. ...
... The scope of research articles of papers included a Special Issue is very wide. It includes papers on the synthesis and study of the properties of new thermoplastic polymers [9][10][11][12][13], obtaining of composites [14][15][16], nanocomposites [17][18][19], microspheres [20,21], polymeric blends [22][23][24], hydrophobic nanostructures [25], polymeric membranes [26,27], hydrogels [28] and others [29][30][31][32][33]. ...
... In the paper of Radwan et al. [29] are presented study of the mechanical properties of peat stabilized with different percentages of fillers (including PP fibers). ...
Polymeric materials are widely used in many different technical fields [...].
... There are also some cementitious products that can increase the strength of the organic soil. Phetchuay et al.,(2016), Nath et al.,(2017), Radwan et al.,(2021) documented case studies where Fly Ash(FA) was used to improve the primary characteristics of the soil. Using FA can change plasticity index, moisture content, shrinkage limit liquid limit etc. which ultimately increases the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) of the soils. ...
Construction over organic soil is complicated due to its lengthy settlement process. In an attempt to make them more feasible, varieties of improvement methods are used before construction. A series of case studies where different methods were used to improve the soil; were compared. Comparisons have been established with the use of laboratory test results or visual after-effects. When Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD) and sand drain are used, it tremendously shortens the settlement time. By using sand drain, settlement time can be decreased from one year to only 90 days. Using vertical drain can increase the bearing capacity of the soil. Similarly, without PVD, settlement of soil at least needs 1 to 5 years. But due to using PVD, the desired settlement can be achieved in half of the actual time. Estimated settlement and observed settlement can vary if the smear zone is not considered. The economic implications, cost-effectiveness and environmental impact along with the conventionality of using the methods have been discussed thoroughly in this paper.
... Incorporating fiber is perhaps the most efficient method of reducing brittleness and enhancing toughness in geopolymer composites, hence minimizing fracture propagation. Steel fibers [10], polypropylene fibers [11][12][13], carbon fiber, cotton fibers [14], glass fibers [15], polyvinyl alcohol [16] [17], and Kenaf fiber [18] have all been employed in geopolymer or cement composites. Because of their high elastic modulus, tensile strength, acid resistance, and alkali resistance, PVA and PP fibers have been widely utilized in the modification of geopolymer or cement composites. ...
This paper discusses the influence of nanosilica and hybrid fibers on the mechanical behavior and microstructure of fly ash and slag-based lightweight geopolymer composites exposed to 0, 10, 20, and 30 heating–cooling cycles. Nanosilica (NS), polypropylene (PP), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers 2% by volume raction were used to enhance lightweight engineered geopolymer composites (EGC). Prior to and beyond heat cycles, the flowability, density, mass loss, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and residual mechanical characteristics (static and cyclic loading responses, tensile stress, strain capacity, and load–deflection response) were evaluated. The experimental findings revealed that adding 2%NS, 2%PP fiber, and 2%PVA fiber into lightweight EGC composites enhanced compressive strength by 4.75%, 13.59%, and 27.14%, respectively, at room temperature. Thermal cycles increased the compressive strength of nanosilica and PVA fiber samples by 12.41% and 21.67%, respectively. After 30 heat cycles, the samples reinforced with PP fibers lost 20.26% of their compressive strength. Since tensile characteristics were much more sensitive to the development of internal microstructure deficiencies during thermal treatment, the tensile stress and strain capacity of all lightweight EGC specimens dramatically reduced and lost their strain hardening behavior after being exposed to new heating–cooling cycles. The microstructural analysis of the hybrid system indicated that the bonding characteristics between both the EGC matrix and the PP fibers were weak, and the PP fibers had a negligible influence on the ductility properties of the hybrid composite as compared to using just PVA and PP fibers. PVA fibers did not melt after being subjected to various heating–cooling cycles at 200 °C, but PP fibers melted entirely during thermal cycles, and the lightweight EGC microstructure revealed apparent faults such as micro-cracks and a significant number of capillaries.
