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Phylogram showing one of 8 MP trees 1552 steps long revealed by PAUP from an analysis of the combined ITS-LSU-rpb2-tef1 matrix of Dendrostoma, with Chrysocrypta corymbiae, Disculoides eucalypti and D. eucalyptorum added as outgroup taxa. MP and ML bootstrap support above 50% are given above or below the branches. The asterisk (*) denotes the node collapsed in the strict consensus of the eight MP trees. Accessions in bold were sequenced in the present study; accessions in blue were isolated from Castanea, those in green from Quercus, in orange from Malus and in red from Osmanthus.
Source publication
European species of the genus Dendrostoma (Erythrogloeaceae, Diaporthales) occurring on Castanea sativa and Quercus spp. based on freshly collected material are presented. Using a matrix of sequences from ITS, LSU, rpb2 , and tef1 , five species are recognized, and their phylogenetic positions are determined. Four species are added to the 14 descri...
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Oaks (Quercus L.) are ideal models to assess patterns of plant diversity. We integrated the sequence data of five chloroplast and two nuclear loci from 50 Chinese oaks to explore the phylogenetic framework, evolution and diversification patterns of the Chinese oak’s lineage. The framework phylogeny strongly supports two subgenera Quercus and Cerris...
Aim
Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) is regarded as a keystone plant species. Trophic interactions may affect the distribution and abundance of phytophagous species, but the number of arthropod species that use holm oak as a food resource and their levels of host specificity are not yet known. Here, we aimed to quantify these species, their feeding strat...
Citations
... & De Not., Coryneum Nees, Cytospora Ehrenb., Dendrostoma X.L. Fan & C.M. Tian, Diaporthe Fuckel, Melanconis Tul. & C. Tul. and Endothia Fr. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Of these, Cytospora is common on the cankered branches of woody plants, with C. chrysosperma (Pers.) ...
Branch canker diseases are important in forest ecosystems, causing economic and ecological losses. Members of Cytospora are common on cankered branches and associated with the diseases. Investigations on Cytospora cankers were conducted in Tibet, China, during 2022 and 2023. Samples were collected from Euonymus japonicus, Larix gmelinii, Malus pumila, M. spectabilis and Rosa omeiensis f. pteracantha, and cultures were obtained and identified by morphological features and molecular phylogeny of a combination of internal transcribed spacer region rDNA (ITS), the partial actin (act) region, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) gene and the partial beta-tubulin (tub2) gene. As a result, a new species is proposed herein named Cytospora lhasaensis and four known species are described for the first time from Tibet, viz. C. euonymina, C. gigaspora, C. mali and C. schulzeri. The current research enhances our understanding of the Cytospora species associated with woody host diseases in Tibet, China.
... D. castaneum) have been identified as genetically distinct (Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, 2019;Maresi et al., 2013), other relationships are less clear due to a lack of genetic material and extant cultures necessary for definitive comparison with newly described fungi. ...
Gnomoniopsis castaneae is an important, destructive pathogen of Castanea species, initially identified as the primary agent of nut rot in Europe and Oceania. Although a decade of research has focused almost exclusively on its association with and activity in chestnuts, it has been identified as a mild pathogen or endophyte in multiple other hardwood species, whose roles as potential reservoirs and hosts have remained unexplored. Though the origin of the disease is unknown, it is thought to be a ubiquitous endophyte that has potentially shifted to pathogenic activity as a result of global climate change. Yet there is evidence of the expansion of the range of the pathogen as it continues to be identified in new regions, suggesting some degree of introduction is occurring. Its recent discovery in the United States brings a new urgency to the need to understand the full range and epidemiology of G. castaneae and to examine potential methods of detection and mitigation.
... Cryphonectriaceae members are characterized by typical diaporthalean characters of perithecia with elongate beaks, often forming within stromatic tissues, deliquescent paraphyses, and asci that generally deliquesce, become detached from the perithecial wall when mature, and have a refractive apical annulus (Voglmayr et al. 2012;Senanayake et al. 2018;Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2019;Jiang et al. 2019b;Fan et al. 2020;Udayanga et al. 2021). Species of Cryphonectriaceae except Aurantiosacculus castaneae are different from the other diaporthalean taxa by owning orange stromatic tissues at some stage during their life cycle, which turn purple in 3% KOH and yellow in lactic acid (Gryzenhout et al. 2006;Jiang et al. 2019a). ...
Cryphonectriaceae is a diaporthalean family containing important plant pathogens of which Cryphonectria parasitica is the most notorious one. An emerging stem blight disease on Elaeocarpus apiculatus (Elaeocarpaceae) and E. hainanensis was observed in Guangdong Province of China recently. Typical Cryphonectria blight-like symptoms including cankers on tree barks with obvious orange conidial tendrils were observed. Forty-eight isolates were obtained from diseased tissues and conidiomata formed on the hosts E. apiculatus and E. hainanensis . These isolates were further identified based on both morphology and molecular methods using the combined sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, large subunit of the nrDNA (LSU), the translation elongation factor 1-alpha ( tef1 ) and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) genes. As a result, the fungus represents an undescribed genus and species within the family Cryphonectriaceae. Hence, Pseudocryphonectria elaeocarpicola gen. et sp. nov. is proposed herein to represent these isolates from diseased barks of E. apiculatus and E. hainanensis . Pseudocryphonectria differs from the other genera of Cryphonectriaceae in having dimorphic conidia. Further inoculation results showed that P. elaeocarpicola is the causal agent of this emerging blight disease in China, which can quickly infect and kill the hosts E. apiculatus and E. hainanensis .
... Conidiogenous cells lining the inner walls of cavity, hyaline, smooth, subcylindrical to ampulliform. Conidia hyaline, aseptate, smooth, multiguttulate or not, thin-walled, ellipsoid to fusoid, straight to curved (adapted from Fan et al. 2018, Jaklitsch & Voglmayr 2019, Jiang et al. 2019a. ...
... Subsequently, De. leiphaemia on Quercus trees in Europe was transferred from Amphiporthe (Senanayake et al. 2018). Another 15 species from Castanea and Quercus trees were added, which revealed a high diversity of Dendrostoma on Fagaceae hosts (Jaklitsch & Voglmayr 2019, Jiang et al. 2019a. ...
This paper is the fourth contribution in the Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) series. The series provides morphological descriptions and information about the pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms, as well as DNA barcodes for the taxa covered. Moreover, 12 whole-genome sequences for the type or new species in the treated genera are provided. The fourth paper in the GOPHY series covers 19 genera of phytopathogenic fungi and their relatives, including Ascochyta , Cadophora , Celoporthe , Cercospora , Coleophoma , Cytospora , Dendrostoma , Didymella , Endothia , Heterophaeomoniella , Leptosphaerulina , Melampsora , Nigrospora , Pezicula , Phaeomoniella , Pseudocercospora , Pteridopassalora , Zymoseptoria , and one genus of oomycetes, Phytophthora . This study includes two new genera, 30 new species, five new combinations, and 43 typifications of older names.
... e frequent association of Dendrostoma spp. with Cytospora spp. may suggest weak or optional parasitism (Jaklitsch & Voglmayr, 2019). Betula pendula; leg. ...
This paper presents 18 species of fungi that are new to the Kampinos National Park and their buffer zone. Seventeen of these species were found during studies on wind-damaged areas after the forest was damaged in 2017. One species new to Poland has been described and illustrated ( Odonticium septocystidiatum ). A few of the species recorded ( Ciliolarina cfr. laricina , Daldinia petriniae , Pseudovalsa umbonata , Spongipellis litschaueri ) are very rare in Poland and hitherto mentioned from single localities in the country. Two species from the Polish red list of macrofungi were recorded in the Kampinos National Park for the first time – namely, Punctularia strigosozonata (E) and Trichaptum biforme (R). The current number of macromycete taxa known from Kampinos National Park has reached a total of 1,630.
... Diaporthales is a species-rich fungal order usually associated with forest trees as endophytes, pathogens and saprophytes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Amongst the numerous tree pathogens, the most notorious one is Cryphonectria parasitica (Cryphonectriaceae) causing chestnut (Castanea spp.) blight worldwide [11][12][13]. ...
Gnomoniopsis (Gnomoniaceae, Diaporthales) is a well-classified genus inhabiting leaves, branches and fruits of the hosts in three plant families, namely Fagaceae, Onagraceae and Rosaceae. In the present study, eighteen Gnomoniopsis isolates were obtained from diseased leaves of Fagaceae hosts collected from Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Henan, Jiangxi and Shaanxi provinces in China. Morphology from the cultures and phylogeny based on the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal DNA gene with the two flanking internally transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1) and the beta-tubulin (tub2) genes were employed to identify these isolates. As a result, seven species were revealed, viz. Gnomoniopsis castanopsidis, G. fagacearum, G. guang-dongensis, G. hainanensis, G. rossmaniae and G. silvicola spp. nov, as well as a known species G. daii. In addition, G. daii was firstly reported on the host Quercus aliena.
... Apiognomonia quercina, Fig. 10.4D) and Dendrostoma leiphaemia (syn. e.g., Discula quercina and Fusicoccum quercinum) are members of the endophytic community of the woody tissues of European oaks, especially in the Mediterranean area (Jaklitsch and Voglmayr, 2019;Linaldeddu et al., 2011;Moricca and Ragazzi, 2011;Senanayake et al., 2018). The total number of culturable twig endophytes varies from 2 to 30 between different oak species (Ghasemi et al., 2019;Gonthier et al., 2005). ...
In this chapter, we review the research on fungi present in the woody tissues of trees. The functions of fungi in stems are variable and can be mutualistic, commensalistic, saprotrophic, or pathogenic. We cover endophytic fungi found in the nonfoliage parts of woody tissues of conifers and broadleaf trees. The lifestyle switches of endophytes and the pathogenic fungi of stems and branches are discussed. Fungi have an important role in tree health and the nutrient cycle, especially wood decay. Similarly, there is evidence that changes in local environments can benefit opportunistic pathogens to switch their lifestyle from endophytic. The identity of species compositions of endophytes of healthy and diseased trees is extremely important to maintain forest resilience in a changing world.
... In the present study, a new genus and species were clustered in the family Pseudomelanconidaceae (Fig. 1), and differed from the other Melanconis-like genera by its long dumbbell-shaped conidia formed on PDA plates. Hosts are useful taxonomic information in some families of Diaporthales, such as Coryneaceae, Cryphonectriaceae, Erythrogloeaceae and Gnomoniaceae (Voglmayr et al. 2012;Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2019;Roux et al. 2020;Wang et al. 2020;Yang et al. 2020). Hosts are important to separate Melanconis-like genera, Juglanconis inhabit Juglans and Pterocarya of Juglandaceae, Melanconiella and Melanconis occur only on the plant family Betulaceae (Voglmayr et al. 2012(Voglmayr et al. , 2017Fan et al. 2018b;Jaklitsch and Voglmayr 2020). ...
Melanconis-like fungi are distributed in several families of Diaporthales, mainly Juglanconidaceae, Melanconidaceae, Melanconiellaceae and Pseudomelanconidaceae. A new Melanconis-like genus of Pseudomelanconidaceae was discovered on branches of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) in southern China, which was confirmed by both morphology and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, tef1a and rpb2 sequences. The new genus Micromelanconis is characterized by two types of conidia from natural substrate and manual media of PDA, respectively. Conidia from Chinese chestnut branches are pale brown, ellipsoid, multiguttulate, aseptate with hyaline sheath. While conidia from PDA plates are pale brown, long dumbbell-shaped, narrow at the middle and wide at both ends, multiguttulate, aseptate, and also with hyaline sheath. All Pseudomelanconidaceae species were only reported on tree branches in China until now. More interesting taxa may be discovered if detailed surveys on tree-inhabiting fungi are carried out in East Asia in the future.
... Some species are occasionally reported to cause dieback and cankers, such as Coryneum modonium (= Melanconia modonia) [80], Diplodina castaneae (= Sirococcus castaneae), better known as the agent of the Javart disease of chestnut [48], and Dendrostoma castaneum [28,46]. The latter represents a new name for Amphiporthe castanea (Diaporthales, Erythogloeaceae) [81], known to be widespread in Europe on C. sativa; this species is probably vertically transmitted as it has been found to infect seeds before harvest [46]. The recent description of several additional Dendrostoma species associated with Castanea spp. in Europe and China [81,82] calls for further assessments of the real nature of these symbiotic relationships. ...
... The latter represents a new name for Amphiporthe castanea (Diaporthales, Erythogloeaceae) [81], known to be widespread in Europe on C. sativa; this species is probably vertically transmitted as it has been found to infect seeds before harvest [46]. The recent description of several additional Dendrostoma species associated with Castanea spp. in Europe and China [81,82] calls for further assessments of the real nature of these symbiotic relationships. Botryosphaeria dothidea has been found to cause stem cankers and black rot of nuts on C. crenata, respectively, in Korea [83] and Japan [84,85]; moreover, on C. sativa it has been reported from cankers in the Black Sea region of Turkey [31] and from rotted nuts in Croatia, along with Diaporthe eres [86]. ...
Chestnuts (Castanea spp.) are plants of relevant economic interest in the agro-sylvicultural contexts of mountain regions throughout the temperate zone, particularly in the northern hemisphere. In recent years, several biological adversities have repeatedly endangered species belonging to this genus, calling for coordinated actions addressed to contrast their decline. These actions have mainly focused on the control of key pests/pathogens and the improvement of resistance/tolerance by the plant host, while the role of microorganisms as mediators of interactions between plants and the noxious agents has been less considered, essentially by reason of a limited knowledge on their ecological impact. In line with the increasing awareness of the basic importance of microbial symbionts in regulating plant fitness in both natural and crop contexts, this paper offers an overview on the occurrence and effects of endophytic fungi of chestnuts.
... "N/A" sequence is unavailable.Contig sequences were used for BLASTn searches. Related sequences were downloaded from GenBank following recent publications and blast similarities(Fan et al. 2018;Jaklitsch & Voglmayr 2019;Jiang et al. 2019; Crous et al. 2020) (Table 1). Individual loci were aligned using FFT-NS-2 Tree-based progressive method in MAFFT V.7.036 (http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/) ...
Dendrostoma covidicola sp. nov. is described from a dead branch of Fagus sylvatica (Fagaceae) collected from Sichuan Province, China. The taxon has 5–20 perithecia per pseudostroma and small, ellipsoidal to subfusiform ascospores with polar appendages. Phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS–LSU–rpb2–tef1 sequence matrix confirmed its placement in Dendrostoma where it is close to D. qinlingense, D. osmanthi and D. quercus, but representing a distinct lineage. The new taxon is compared with other Dendrostoma species and comprehensive descriptions and illustrations are provided. An ascospore comparison for relevant species is also provided, as well as an updated phylogenetic tree (ITS–LSU–rpb2–tef1) including all the species of Dendrostoma.
