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Phylogram obtained from maximum likelihood (ML) analyses of the ITS-LSU for representative species and families of Pleosporales. Sequences obtained during this study are indicated in bold type. Bootstrap values ≥ 75% for ML and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses are presented at nodes (ML/MP). Bold branches indicate posterior
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Pyrenochaeta fraxinina was first described in 1913 from the state of New York (USA) on petioles of Fraxinus sp. Since then, the species has not been reported from North America and reports from the other regions of the world are very sparse. The results of this study on P . fraxinina are based on the material collected in various regions of Poland...
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... general, phylogenetic analysis using ITS-LSU sequences enabled species-level identification of isolates, e.g., diversity of this fragment was sufficient to distinguish Paracucurbitaria corni and P. italica (Fig. 6). In the resulting ITS-LSU tree, P. fraxinina clusters with Nematostoma parasiticum, Pyrenochaeta sp. 1, and Pyrenochaeta sp. 2 as well as with Leptosphaerulina nitida and Staurosphaeria aptrootii comprise a clear strongly supported ...
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... both, ITS-LSU and ITS-LSU-TUB2-RPB2 trees, all P. fraxinina strains form a clearly defined clade (Figs. 6 and 7), and there is no variation among P. fraxinina isolates resulting from their host origin (Figs. 6 and 7). Phylogenetically, P. fraxinina is closely allied to Nematostoma parasiticum (= Herpotrichia parasitica, asexual morph Pyrenochaeta parasitica) (Figs. 6 and 7). The concatenated ITS-LSU phylogeny also shows that Polish isolates of N. ...
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... both, ITS-LSU and ITS-LSU-TUB2-RPB2 trees, all P. fraxinina strains form a clearly defined clade (Figs. 6 and 7), and there is no variation among P. fraxinina isolates resulting from their host origin (Figs. 6 and 7). Phylogenetically, P. fraxinina is closely allied to Nematostoma parasiticum (= Herpotrichia parasitica, asexual morph Pyrenochaeta parasitica) (Figs. 6 and 7). The concatenated ITS-LSU phylogeny also shows that Polish isolates of N. parasiticum did not differ from culture collection strain N. parasiticum CBS 451.73 (Fig. ...
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... and ITS-LSU-TUB2-RPB2 trees, all P. fraxinina strains form a clearly defined clade (Figs. 6 and 7), and there is no variation among P. fraxinina isolates resulting from their host origin (Figs. 6 and 7). Phylogenetically, P. fraxinina is closely allied to Nematostoma parasiticum (= Herpotrichia parasitica, asexual morph Pyrenochaeta parasitica) (Figs. 6 and 7). The concatenated ITS-LSU phylogeny also shows that Polish isolates of N. parasiticum did not differ from culture collection strain N. parasiticum CBS 451.73 (Fig. ...
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... host origin (Figs. 6 and 7). Phylogenetically, P. fraxinina is closely allied to Nematostoma parasiticum (= Herpotrichia parasitica, asexual morph Pyrenochaeta parasitica) (Figs. 6 and 7). The concatenated ITS-LSU phylogeny also shows that Polish isolates of N. parasiticum did not differ from culture collection strain N. parasiticum CBS 451.73 (Fig. ...
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... analysis using ITS-LSU sequences was not sufficient to unequivocally define the family-level classification of species, as this phylogeny resulted in polyphyletic arrangements for the families (Fig. 6). The P. fraxinina lineage revealed in this analysis included, among others, Leptosphaerulina nitida and Staurosphaeria aptrootii, respectively members of Didymellaceae and Coniothyriaceae families. Monophyletic mandshurica petiole, phase-contrast. g Setae with septa and light brown apical part. h-k Holotype CUP-F. 3368: h Setae with ...
Citations
... Cladosporium has been reported as one of the most common fungal species isolated from different environments, many of which are plant pathogens, or putrefaction factors or pollutants in food or industrial products (El-Dawy et al. 2021). Pyrenochaeta causes serious plant diseases in agriculture and forestry, which can lead to tomato wilt, onion rot, and root rot of corn and other agricultural plants (Bilański et al. 2022). Exophiala is a widely occurring pathogen in nature. ...
Planting medicinal herbs under forests is popular as a new cultivation mode for producing high quality herbal medicine. However, soil acidification under forests could aggravate soil-borne diseases, posing a major threat to production. The objective of the study was to investigate strategies for mitigating soil acidification and elucidate its underlying mechanism.
We used Panax notoginseng planted under forests with different acidified soil backgrounds to test the effects of exogenous soil amendments on soil chemical properties and rhizosphere microbial communities and then decipher their relationship with root rot disease in P. notoginseng.
The results indicated that the appropriate dosage of soil amendments with lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, and organic manure individually and their mixture could alleviate root rot disease and promote the growth of P. notoginseng by increasing pH and modifying other soil chemical properties. The abundance and diversity of rhizobacteria increased with increasing soil pH, especially beneficial rhizobacteria including Bradyrhizobium, Rhodoplanes, Mesorhizobium and Gemmatimonas, which modified the soil microbial community by enriching beneficial bacteria and suppressing pathogens to alleviate root rot disease. However, high EC and AN caused by over-dose amendments had the negative impacts on soil microbial communities, resulting in root rot disease exacerbation.
Alleviating soil acidification to a suitable level could suppress root rot disease by modifying soil chemical properties and enriching beneficial soil rhizobacteria. The findings would be an effective practice toward ameliorating acidic soil under forests to reduce soil-borne disease.
... data). Neocucurbitaria quercina is typically reported from Quercus spp., but also from Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall, Olea europaea L., and sea water (Bilański et al. 2022;de Gruyter et al. 2010;Nigro and Ippolito 2000). Wanasinghe et al. (2017) discuss a possible anamorph-teleomorph connection of this species with Neoc. ...
The causative agent of sooty bark disease, Cryptostroma corticale , has, for some years, caused increased damage to maples ( Acer spp.) in Germany and throughout Europe. It has been stated that this pathogen can occur latently in Acer . In this study, the composition of endophytic fungi of woody stem tissues of sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus ) saplings were analysed in order to investigate whether C. corticale is present in young, visually healthy maple trees from natural regeneration. The most abundant taxa of the 30 isolated endophytes were Diaporthe cf. rudis and Petrakia irregularis . An association of five fungal species ( Biscogniauxia mediterranea , Coniochaeta velutina , Gibellulopsis catenata , Neocucurbitaria quercina , Tangerinosporium thalitricola ) with A. pseudoplatanus was reported for the first time. Cryptostroma corticale was not present in the juvenile sycamore stems. Furthermore, its pathogenicity was studied in comparison to other pathogens associated with A. pseudoplatanus , namely Diplodia mutila , Dothiorella sp., Nectria cinnabarina , Neonectria coccinea , Neonectria punicea and Stegonsporium pyriforme . The longest necroses were induced by C. corticale followed by N. coccinea . In a trial with a C. corticale spore suspension sprayed directly on stem bark, the fungus could be re-isolated from woody tissue, however necroses were evoked only when the bark was wounded prior to infection. The results from the experiments presented here function as additional evidence for the ability of C. corticale to establish endophytically within the host and, in particular, for the ability of the fungus to establish a successful infection/entrance through intact bark.
An endophytic fungus designated as EIT4T (MCC 9756T) was isolated from the asymptomatic stem tissue of Ephedra gerardiana collected from the Kargil district of Ladakh Union territory, India. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated nuclear ribosomal ITS (internal transcribed spacer) and LSU (large ribosomal subunit) sequence datasets revealed its placement within the genus Astragalicola. However, it formed a separate clade exhibiting strong bootstrap support value (80%). The highest nrITS sequence similarity between EIT4T and species of Astragalicola was 95.19% (A. vasilyevae) and 94.26% (A. amorpha), while nrLSU sequence similarity was 99.27% (A. amorpha). Morphologically, EIT4T differs from the other species of Astragalicola in having larger sub-globose to pyriform conidiomata, smaller and mostly unbranched conidiophores, and polymorphic translucent conidia with two terminal guttules. Based on combined cultural, micromorphological, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses, EIT4T represents a novel species in the genus Astragalicola proposed here as Astragalicola ephedrae sp. nov. Detailed description and illustrations of the novel species are provided. The type strain is EIT4T (= MCC 9756 T = MN29T).
