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– Phylogram generated from maximum likelihood analysis of Diaporthe species isolated in this study and their phylogenetically closely related species based on combined ITS, TEF, BT and CAL sequence data. Parsimony bootstrap support values for ML≥70 %, MP≥70 %, are indicated above the nodes and the branches are in bold indicate Bayesian posterior probabilities ≥0.9. The tree is rooted with Diaporthella corylina (CBS 121124). Isolate numbers of ex-types and reference strains are in bold. Taxa isolated in this study are in red and the ex-type isolate numbers of novel species are in bold.
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Seven new species of Diaporthe, D. acericola on Acer negundo, D. cichorii on Cichorium intybus, D. dorycnii on Dorycnium hirsutum, D. lonicerae on Lonicera sp., Laurus nobilis and Torilis arvensis, D. pseudotsugae on Pseudotsuga menziesii, D. schoeni on Schoenus nigricans, Carduus sp. and Plantago sp. and D. torilicola on Torilis arvensis from Ital...
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... stems of various woody hosts in Arezzo, Forlì-Cesena and Ravenna Provinces in Italy. The aim of this study was to identify the species and reveal the distribution of species on the hosts. Isolates were characterized in terms of morphology and their phylogenetic position within Diaporthe. Table 3 Isolates from GenBank used in phylogenetic analyses (Fig. 2). Ex-type isolates are in bold. ...
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... collection of saprobic specimens from numerous woody hosts in Italy ( Fig. 1) resulted in the isolation of 44 isolates of Diaporthe (Fig. 2). The ITS, TEF, BT and CAL sequences were determined to be approximately 530, 350, 510 and 410 bp, ...
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... study and other sequences originating from GenBank ( Table 3). Out of a total of 1998 characters, 882 were constant, and 295 were variable and parsimony uninformative. The remaining 821 parsimony- informative characters resulted in 10 most parsimonious trees (TL = 4190, CI = 0.464, RI = 0.883, RC = 0.410, HI = 0.536) and the best tree is shown in Fig. 2 (Fig. 2). ...
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... other sequences originating from GenBank ( Table 3). Out of a total of 1998 characters, 882 were constant, and 295 were variable and parsimony uninformative. The remaining 821 parsimony- informative characters resulted in 10 most parsimonious trees (TL = 4190, CI = 0.464, RI = 0.883, RC = 0.410, HI = 0.536) and the best tree is shown in Fig. 2 (Fig. 2). ...
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... -Diaporthe acericola forms a sister clade to D. schoeni which is also a new species introduced in this study (Fig. 2). However, the two species differed by 62 nucleotides in the concatenated alignment, of which 13 were distinct in the ITS region, 26 in the TEF region, 2 in the BT region and 21 in the CAL region. Morphologically, D. acericola differs from D. schoeni in having larger conidiomata and smaller conidia (Figs 3, 8). Conidia of D. acericola ...
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... -Diaporthe dorycnii occurs in a clade separate from D. diospyricola, D. chamaeropsis and D. cytosporella with high bootstrap support (Fig. 2). Diaporthe diospyricola differs from D. dorycnii, in the presence of beta conidia. Phylogenetically, D. diospyricola is the closest species to D. dorycnii (Fig. 2), differing by 24 nucleotides in the ITS region. Though the sequences of EF region, BT region and CAL region are available for D. dorycnii, the sequences of those regions are ...
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... -Diaporthe dorycnii occurs in a clade separate from D. diospyricola, D. chamaeropsis and D. cytosporella with high bootstrap support (Fig. 2). Diaporthe diospyricola differs from D. dorycnii, in the presence of beta conidia. Phylogenetically, D. diospyricola is the closest species to D. dorycnii (Fig. 2), differing by 24 nucleotides in the ITS region. Though the sequences of EF region, BT region and CAL region are available for D. dorycnii, the sequences of those regions are unavailable for D. diospyricola and thus the nucleotide comparison is incomplete. Conidiomata up to 680 μm in diameter, superficial, solitary, scattered on PDA, ...
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... (Fig. 2), differing by 107 nucleotides in the concatenated alignment, in which 19 were distinct in the ITS region, 34 in the TEF region, 16 in the BT region and 38 in the CAL region. Both species possess beta conidia and morphologically, D. saccarata differs from D. lonicerae, in having 1-septate alpha conidia (Mostert et al. 2001). Saprobic on ...
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... DNA was extracted directly from the ascomata. Diaporthe pseudotsugae occurs in a clade separate from D. salicicola, D. cynaroidis, D. cassines and D. nothofagi. Although D. pseudotsugae is a sexual morph, none of the above mentioned species possess any sexual morph. Phylogenetically, D. cassines is the closest species to D. pseudotsugae (Fig. 2), differing by 64 nucleotides in the concatenated alignment, in which 34 were distinct in the ITS region, 30 in the TEF region. Though the sequences of BT region and CAL region are available for D. pseudotsugae, the sequences of those regions are unavailable for D. cassines. Asexual morph: Conidiomata up to 210 μm in diameter, 110 μm ...
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... Therefore, fungal DNA was extracted directly from the conidiomata. Three isolates of D. schoeni were isolated from three different hosts, Carduus sp. (Asteraceae), Plantago sp. (Plantaginaceae) and Schoenus nigricans (Cyperaceae). However, any of those isolates were failed to germinate. Diaporthe schoeni occurs in a clade closer to D. acericola (Fig. 2). Both species can be differentiated by smaller conidiomata and larger conidia of D. schoeni. Conidia of D. acericola are obtuse at both ends, while the conidia of D. schoeni are slightly acute and tapered at both ends (Figs 3, 8). Phylogenetically, D. schoeni differs from D. acericola by 62 nucleotides in the concatenated alignment, of ...
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... Diaporthe spp. are causal agents of diseases in a wide range of economically important plant hosts, such as horticultural, forest, ornamental, and fruit crops (Bertetti et al. 2018;Dissanayake et al. 2017;Huang et al. 2015;Prencipe et al. 2017; Thompson et al. 2011;Udayanga et al. 2014;Yang et al. 2018). ...
... Traditionally, identification of Diaporthe species was based on culture characteristics, morphology, and host association (Udayanga et al. 2011;Yang et al. 2020), but morphological identification was unreliable for species identification because of high similarity of Diaporthe spp. (Dissanayake et al. 2017;Udayanga et al. 2011). Several studies based on the use of multilocus phylogenetic analyses have solved the boundaries within the Diaporthe genus (Gomes et al. 2013;Marin-Felix et al. 2019;Udayanga et al. 2012). ...
... Recently, Guerrero Contreras et al. (2020) described D. foeniculina as associated with black tip and necrotic spots on hazelnut kernels in Chile and stem and shoot cankers on sweet chestnuts in Italy (Annesi et al. 2016). Moreover, kernel mold of hazelnut was also caused by D. rudis in the United States (Pscheidt et al. 2019) and on other hosts in Italy (Dissanayake et al. 2017;Guarnaccia et al. 2020). Similarly, we detected these species associated with nut rot of hazelnuts in Italy. ...
Hazelnut (Corylus avellana), a nut crop that is rapidly expanding worldwide, is endangered by a rot. Nut rot results in hazelnut defects. A survey was conducted in north-western Italy during 2020 and 2021 to identify the causal agents of hazelnut rots. Typical symptoms of black rot, mold, and necrotic spots were observed on hazelnut nuts. The prevalent fungi isolated from symptomatic hazelnut kernels were Diaporthe spp. (38%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (26%), Diplodia seriata (14%), and other fungal genera with less frequent occurrences. Among 161 isolated Diaporthe spp., 40 were selected for further analysis. Based on morphological characterization and multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the ITS, tef1- α, and tub2, seven Diaporthe species were identified as D. eres, D. foeniculina, D. novem, D. oncostoma, D. ravennica, D. rudis, and D. sojae. D. eres was the main species isolated from hazelnut rots, in particular from moldy nuts. Pathogenicity test performed on hazelnut nuts ‘Tonda Gentile del Piemonte’ using a mycelium plug showed that all the Diaporthe isolates were pathogenic on their original host. To our knowledge, this work is the first report of D. novem, D. oncostoma and D. ravennica on hazelnut nuts worldwide. Diaporthe foeniculina, D. rudis, and D. sojae were reported for the first time as agents of hazelnut nut rot in Italy. Future studies should focus on the comprehension of epidemiology and climatic conditions favoring the development of Diaporthe spp. on hazelnut. Prevention and control measures should target D. eres, representing the main causal agents responsible for defects and nut rot of hazelnuts in Italy.
... Diaporthe represents a highly complex genus containing numerous confusing species, the type species being D. alnea Fuckel 1867. A more in-depth study of the status of the taxonomy in this genus has been conducted by several authors [14][15][16][17]. Symptoms produced are root and fruit rot, dieback, stem cankers, leaf spots, leaf and pod blight, and seed decay [18]. ...
... It also contributes to grape rot in Italy [49] and was found in Vitis vinifera samples in Portugal, Italy, France, Spain, the UK, and the Czech Republic [36]; however, its pathogenicity has not been tested. Dissanayake et al. [16] described its presence in Cornus sp., Anthoxanthum odoratum, Carlina vulgaris, and Dioscorea communis in Italy. Sequences of strains isolated from many other hosts are available in GenBank, for example, strain ICMO 16419 in Castanea sativa from New Zealand (accession no. ...
A cane disease of a non-commercial thornless blackberry cultivar (genus Rubus, subgenus Rubus Watson) obtained in a breeding program was observed in May 2021 in northern Spain during a field evaluation. Symptoms of the disease appeared in spring and firstly consisted of dark-brown lesions in the petioles, tips, and intermediate zones of the canes, finally causing the leaves, canes, and lateral shoots to die. Two strains were recovered from infected canes and identified by morphological characteristics and multigene analysis as Gnomoniopsis idaeicola (LPPAF-977) and Diaporthe rudis (LPPAF-981). Pathogenicity tests showed that both fungi caused shoot dieback when artificially inoculated, reproducing the symptoms originally observed. Moreover, tissue necrosis was enhanced when Diaporthe rudis and Gnomoniopsis idaeicola were co-inoculated. This is the first report of Diaporthe rudis and Gnomoniopsis idaeicola causing a potentially serious disease to blackberries in Spain.
... Dissanayake et al. (2017b) introduced a species under the same name as the published species D. dorycnii fromSaccardo (1882). Therefore,Bundhun et al. (2021) established the new name D. forlicesenica for D. dorycnii fromDissanayake et al. (2017b) with description and illustration of the sexual morph. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of asexual and sexual morphs were given byDissanayake et al. (2017b) andBundhun et al. (2021), respectively. ...
... Therefore,Bundhun et al. (2021) established the new name D. forlicesenica for D. dorycnii fromDissanayake et al. (2017b) with description and illustration of the sexual morph. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of asexual and sexual morphs were given byDissanayake et al. (2017b) andBundhun et al. (2021), respectively. ...
... Sphaeria dorycnii was synonymized under Diaporthe dorycnii bySaccardo (1882a). The species was found from Dorycnium suffruticosa in France. Diaporthe dorycnii has globose perithecium, with ostiole, cylindrical to clavate asci, and oblong, 2-guttules, hyaline ascospores(Montagne 1860, Saccardo 1882a. The asexual morph is undetermined.Dissanayake et al. (2017b) introduced a new species under the same name D. dorycnii with sequence data, however, their new species was later treated with a new name, D. forlicesenica byBundhun et al. (2021). Thus, sequence data is not available for D. dorycnii. drenthii Y.P. Tan, Akinsanmi & R.G. Shivas, Pl. Path. Diaporthe drenthii was isolated from the husk rot ...
Diaporthe is a large and taxonomically complex genus, with over a thousand epithets listed in Index Fungorum. The placement of many Diaporthe species remains confusing, and there is a lack of consensus on their taxonomy and phylogeny. In this study, we provide annotated notes on accepted or presumed species of Diaporthe up to 2023. Our notes cover 832 species and include information on their morphology, ecology, geographic distribution, molecular data, and pathogenicity, where available. Diaporthe cyatheae comb. nov., D. pseudobauhiniae nom. nov., D. xishuangbannaensis nom. nov., D. krabiensis sp. nov., and D. pseudobiguttulata nom. nov. are introduced in this paper. In addition, we list 331 species that were previously classified as Diaporthe but are no longer accepted as members of the genus. Our comprehensive review of Diaporthe species provides a resource for researchers and taxonomists, enabling accurate identification and classification, and enhancing our understanding ecological roles of these fungi.
... Due to intercontinental trade of plant material, species of Diaporthe may behave as hitchhiking organisms [80] and are introduced into new areas as endophytes or latent pathogens acting as biotrophic at this stage. When the host is under stress conditions, the pathogen may switch to a necrotrophic stage inducing a phase of infection, and thus are called hemibiotrophs [6,81]. For example, it is assumed that D. rudis was imported to Chile via asymptomatic avocado fruit from California, causing then stem-end rot in avocados in Chile [82]. ...
The genus Diaporthe encompasses important plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes that are widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions. An accurate detection and identification of plant pathogens not only allows correct disease diagnosis but also increases the accuracy of taxonomic ambiguities for fungal-plant interactions purposes. Multi-omics approaches applied to this genus may represent valuable tools to unravel molecular mechanisms involved in the infection processes. Additionally, omics can provide adaptation patterns that make pathogens thrive under changing environmental conditions, and insights into the dual pathogen-endophyte lifestyle. Therefore , all published data covered in this literature review represents an important contribution to deepen the knowledge on the importance of omics in fungal-plant interactions. This accumulating evidence will speed up the research on formulating new strategies to control plant pathologies, to assist in the exploitation of endophytes for their function in plant hosts, and to underline molecular factors of fungal pathogenicity and endophytism in the genus Diaporthe.
... Phillips et al. (2013) consider morphological characters alone as inadequate to define genera or identify species, and they detailed described 17 genera and 110 species which has molecular data. Thereafter, Dissanayake et al. (2017) Slippers et al. (2004) based on morphology and phylogenetic data which combined ITS, tef1 and tub2 genes. The sexual morphs are characterized by brown to black, globose ascostromata, comprising a botryose aggregate, or sometimes solitary, with a central Fig. 60 Botryosphaeria dothidea (IFRD500-008, new geographic and habitat record) a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. ...
... The members of Diaporthaceae are known to be endophytic, pathogenic and saprobic. Species in Diaporthaceae mostly inhabit in terrestrial hosts and rarely on aquatic hosts (Udayanga et al. 2011;Dissanayake et al. 2017;Senanayake et al. 2017 . ...
... 1988 (1867) Diaporthe is the type genus of Diaporthaceae, and it was established by Nitschke (1867). Diaporthe species have been recorded as endophytes or saprobes on a wide range of host plants in different geographical areas (Udayanga et al. 2011;Dissanayake et al. 2017;Abeywickrama et al. 2020 bi-to multi-guttulate, ovate to ellipsoidal, base sub-truncate, 5-7.5 × 1.5-3 µm (n = 20). Beta conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, apex and base bluntly rounded, slightly curved, 15-25 × 0.5-2 µm (n = 10). ...
The description of a new Mediterranean species, Coltricia insularis, is provided, on the basis of material collected in Corsica, Sardinia, Cyprus and Spain
... Phillips et al. (2013) consider morphological characters alone as inadequate to define genera or identify species, and they detailed described 17 genera and 110 species which has molecular data. Thereafter, Dissanayake et al. (2017) Slippers et al. (2004) based on morphology and phylogenetic data which combined ITS, tef1 and tub2 genes. The sexual morphs are characterized by brown to black, globose ascostromata, comprising a botryose aggregate, or sometimes solitary, with a central Fig. 60 Botryosphaeria dothidea (IFRD500-008, new geographic and habitat record) a, b Appearance of ascomata on host substrate. ...
... The members of Diaporthaceae are known to be endophytic, pathogenic and saprobic. Species in Diaporthaceae mostly inhabit in terrestrial hosts and rarely on aquatic hosts (Udayanga et al. 2011;Dissanayake et al. 2017;Senanayake et al. 2017 . ...
... 1988 (1867) Diaporthe is the type genus of Diaporthaceae, and it was established by Nitschke (1867). Diaporthe species have been recorded as endophytes or saprobes on a wide range of host plants in different geographical areas (Udayanga et al. 2011;Dissanayake et al. 2017;Abeywickrama et al. 2020 bi-to multi-guttulate, ovate to ellipsoidal, base sub-truncate, 5-7.5 × 1.5-3 µm (n = 20). Beta conidia aseptate, hyaline, smooth, apex and base bluntly rounded, slightly curved, 15-25 × 0.5-2 µm (n = 10). ...
This article is the 14th in the Fungal Diversity Notes series, wherein we report 98 taxa distributed in two phyla, seven classes, 26 orders and 50 families which are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were collected from Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Cyprus, Egypt, France, French Guiana, India, Indonesia, Italy, Laos, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. There are 59 new taxa, 39 new hosts and new geographical distributions with one new combination. The 59 new species comprise Angustimassarina kunmingense, Asterina lopi, Asterina brigadeirensis, Bartalinia bidenticola, Bartalinia caryotae, Buellia pruinocalcarea, Coltricia insularis, Colletotrichum flexuosum, Colletotrichum thasutense, Coniochaeta caraganae, Coniothyrium yuccicola, Dematipyriforma aquatic, Dematipyriforma globispora, Dematipyriforma nilotica, Distoseptispora bambusicola, Fulvifomes jawadhuvensis, Fulvifomes malaiyanurensis, Fulvifomes thiruvannamalaiensis, Fusarium purpurea, Gerronema atrovirens, Gerronema flavum, Gerronema keralense, Gerronema kuruvense, Grammothele taiwanensis, Hongkongmyces changchunensis, Hypoxylon inaequale, Kirschsteiniothelia acutisporum, Kirschsteiniothelia crustaceum, Kirschsteiniothelia extensum, Kirschsteiniothelia septemseptatum, Kirschsteiniothelia spatiosum, Lecanora immersocalcarea, Lepiota subthailandica, Lindgomyces guizhouensis, Marthe asmius pallidoaurantiacus, Marasmius tangerinus, Neovaginatispora mangiferae, Pararamichloridium aquisubtropicum, Pestalotiopsis piraubensis, Phacidium chinaum, Phaeoisaria goiasensis, Phaeoseptum thailandicum, Pleurothecium aquisubtropicum, Pseudocercospora vernoniae, Pyrenophora verruculosa, Rhachomyces cruralis, Rhachomyces hyperommae, Rhachomyces magrinii, Rhachomyces platyprosophi, Rhizomarasmius cunninghamietorum, Skeletocutis cangshanensis, Skeletocutis subchrysella, Sporisorium anadelphiae-leptocomae, Tetraploa dashaoensis, Tomentella exiguelata, Tomentella fuscoaraneosa, Tricholomopsis lechatii, Vaginatispora flavispora and Wetmoreana blastidiocalcarea. The new combination is Torula sundara. The 39 new records on hosts and geographical distribution comprise Apiospora guiyangensis, Aplosporella artocarpi, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Astrocystis bambusicola, Athelia rolfsii, Bambusicola bambusae, Bipolaris luttrellii, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Chlorophyllum squamulosum, Colletotrichum aeschynomenes, Colletotrichum pandanicola, Coprinopsis cinerea, Corylicola italica, Curvularia alcornii, Curvularia senegalensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Diaporthe longicolla, Diaporthe phaseolorum, Diatrypella quercina, Fusarium brachygibbosum, Helicoma aquaticum, Lepiota metulispora, Lepiota pongduadensis, Lepiota subvenenata, Melanconiella meridionalis, Monotosporella erecta, Nodulosphaeria digitalis, Palmiascoma gregariascomum, Periconia byssoides, Periconia cortaderiae, Pleopunctum ellipsoideum, Psilocybe keralensis, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium dehoogii, Scedosporium marina, Spegazzinia deightonii, Torula fici, Wiesneriomyces laurinus and Xylaria venosula. All these taxa are supported by morphological and multigene phylogenetic analyses. This article allows the researchers to publish fungal collections which are important for future studies. An updated, accurate and timely report of fungus-host and fungus-geography is important. We also provide an updated list of fungal taxa published in the previous fungal diversity notes. In this list, erroneous taxa and synonyms are marked and corrected accordingly.
... Using this methodological approach, the delimitation of species in the genus has improved. Lately, Diaporthe species occurring in several host plant families have been well-characterized and sometimes reclassified, resulting in an actively evolving taxonomy with numerous novel species being described each year (Gomes et al., 2013;Dissanayake, 2017;Guarnaccia et al., 2018;Yang et al., 2018;Guo et al., 2020;Wang et al., 2021;Norphanphoun et al., 2022). Despite the attention given to pathogenic Diaporthe species occurring in economically important crops, more effort is needed to understand the ecology and distribution of non-pathogenic species occurring in numerous plant species. ...
Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa is a perennial grass growing in sea cliffs where plants are highly exposed to salinity and marine winds, and often grow in rock fissures where soil is absent. Diaporthe species are one of the most abundant components of the root microbiome of this grass and several Diaporthe isolates have been found to produce beneficial effects in their host and other plant species of agronomic importance. In this study, 22 strains of Diaporthe isolated as endophytes from roots of Festuca rubra subsp. pruinosa were characterized by molecular, morphological, and biochemical analyses. Sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-α ( TEF1 ), beta-tubulin ( TUB ), histone-3 ( HIS ), and calmodulin ( CAL ) genes were analyzed to identify the isolates. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of the combined five gene regions led to the identification of two new species named Diaporthe atlantica and Diaporthe iberica . Diaporthe atlantica is the most abundant Diaporthe species in its host plant, and Diaporthe iberica was also isolated from Celtica gigantea , another grass species growing in semiarid inland habitats. An in vitro biochemical characterization showed that all cultures of D. atlantica produced indole-3-acetic acid and ammonium, and the strains of D. iberica produced indole 3-acetic acid, ammonium, siderophores, and cellulase. Diaporthe atlantica is closely related to D. sclerotioides , a pathogen of cucurbits, and caused a growth reduction when inoculated in cucumber, melon, and watermelon.
... Phomopsis platanoidis (6.3 to 8.8 × 1.8 to 2.3 mm) and D. eres (8.8 to 9.2 × 2.1 to 2.9 mm) have narrower a conidia than those of D. foliicola (7.1 to 10.2 × 2.4 to 3.3 mm) and has much shorter a conidia than P. aceris (10 to 12 × 2.5 to 4.0 mm) (Chi et al. 2007) (Table 2). Meanwhile, the available molecular data of D. acericola (Dissanayake et al. 2017), D. acerigena, D. ukurunduensis , D. acerina, D. eres, D. pustulata, and Diaporthe sp. (Gomes et al. 2013) have been phylogenetically analyzed, and these taxa are placed different from clades of D. monospora, D. foliicola, and D. nanjingensis (Fig. 6). ...
... Morphologically, D. acerina only produces teleomorphs according to Peck (1876). In addition, D. monospora (5.9 to 10.8 × 2.1 to 3.1 mm) has much smaller a conidia and branched conidiophores compared with D. acericola (9.7 to 13.5 × 3.4 to 4.5 mm) (Dissanayake et al. 2017) but larger a conidia than D. ukurunduensis (5 to 6 × 2.1 to 2.9 mm) (Table 2). D. acerigena ) has pycnidia, 185 to 270 mm in diameter, and conidiophores of 14.5 to 17 × 1.4 to 2.9 mm, while D. monospora has much larger pycnidia, 265 to 565 mm in diameter, and wider conidiophores of 7.2 to 20.4 × 1.4 to 4.0 mm. ...
... D. acerigena ) has pycnidia, 185 to 270 mm in diameter, and conidiophores of 14.5 to 17 × 1.4 to 2.9 mm, while D. monospora has much larger pycnidia, 265 to 565 mm in diameter, and wider conidiophores of 7.2 to 20.4 × 1.4 to 4.0 mm. D. foliicola (7.1 to 10.2 × 2.4 to 3.3 mm) differs from D. acericola (9.7 to 13.5 × 3 to 4.5 mm) (Dissanayake et al. 2017), D. ukurunduensis (5 to 6 × 2.1 to 2.9 mm), and D. acerigena (7 to 10 × 2.1 to 2.9 mm) ) in having smaller a conidia, much larger a conidia, and larger a conidia, respectively (Table 2). D. acericola (Dissanayake et al. 2017), D. ukurunduensis, and D. acerigena ) could be distinguished from D. nanjingensis by lacking b conidia. ...
Diaporthe species are often reported as plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprobes. In this study, three new species: Diaporthe foliicola, D. monospora, and D. nanjingensis on Acer palmatum were described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses. Phylogenetic relationships of the new species were determined by multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on partial sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), beta-tubulin (TUB), histone H3 (HIS) and calmodulin (CAL) genes. Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition (GCPSR) with a pairwise homoplasy index (PHI) test was used to verify the conclusions of the phylogenetic analyses. All species were illustrated and their morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other related Diaporthe species are discussed. In addition, the tests of Koch’s postulates showed that the three new species were pathogens causing leaf blight on A. palmatum.
... The Diaporthe genus has also been associated to the shoot canker or fruit rot in pear [56,57]. Dissanayake et al. [28,58], based on molecular phylogenetic analysis, revealed seven new species, within the above-mentioned genus, in Italy. Among the Diaporthe species, D. eres has recently been reported to be linked to necrosis and stem cankers and caused the death of young apple rootstocks in Canada [59]. ...
... Among the Diaporthe species, D. eres has recently been reported to be linked to necrosis and stem cankers and caused the death of young apple rootstocks in Canada [59]. Moreover, D. eres, is among the most serious phytopathogenic fungi affecting many plant species all over the world [26,28,[56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63]. The outcomes from this study, showing the frequent isolation from apple with die-back symptoms of D. eres, agree with the previous studies by Sessa et al. [64] who reported the D. eres isolation from peach and apple with wood disease symptoms, such as wedge-shaped necrosis and canker. ...
Val d’Agri is an important orchard area located in the Basilicata Region (Southern Italy). A phenomenon affecting cv. “Golden Delicious” apples which lead to tree death has been observed in the past several years in this area. This phenomenon has already been detected in about 20 hectares and is rapidly expanding. The symptoms observed were “scaly bark” and extensive cankers, mainly located in the lower part of the trunk, associated with wood decay. Dead plants ranged from 20% to 80% and, in many cases, trees were removed by farmers. In order to identify the causes of this phenomenon, investigations were started in autumn/winter 2019. In order to determine the possible causal agents, fungal and bacterial isolations, from symptomatic tissues, were performed in laboratory. Bacterial isolations gave negative results, whereas pure fungal cultures (PFCs) were obtained after 3–4 passages on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. Genetic material was extracted from each PFC and amplified by PCR using three pairs of primers: ITS5/4, Bt2a/Bt2b and ACT-512F/ACT-783R. The amplicons were directly sequenced, and nucleotide sequences were compared with those already present in the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database. All isolated fungi were identified based on morphological features and multilocus molecular analyses. Neofusicoccum parvum, Diaporthe eres and Trametes versicolor were most frequently isolated, while Pestalotiopsis funerea, Phomopsis spp. and Diaporthe foeniculina were less frequently isolated. All nucleotide sequences obtained in this study have been deposited into the EMBL database. Pathogenicity tests showed that N. parvum was the most pathogenic and aggressive fungus, while Phomopsis sp. was demonstrated to be the less virulent one. All the investigated fungi were repeatedly reisolated from artificially inoculated twigs of 2-year-old apple trees, cv. “Golden Delicious”, and subsequently morphologically and molecularly identified. The role played by the above-mentioned fungi in the alterations observed in field is also discussed.
... Later, Udayanga & Castlebury [54] synonymized D. neotheicola as D. foeniculina and that is the name currently accepted. Posterior to that, Thambugala, Camporesi & Hyde [55] described D. ravennica as a distinct species phylogenetically distinct from D. baccae and D. foeniculina. Here we show that D. foeniculina and D. baccae cluster in a wellsupported clade and are closely related. ...
Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) are widely cultivated worldwide and largely consumed due to their known antioxidant and medicinal properties. Although Diaporthe species have been documented in Portugal as causal agents of blueberry twig blight and dieback, there is still scarce information on the species that cause these symptoms. Moreover, Diaporthe vaccinii, recently synonymized with D. eres, has been considered a concern to blueberry production worldwide. However, the current knowledge about its impact on blueberries remains unclear. The diversity of Diaporthe species associated with diseased blueberry plants were assessed through a national survey. A multilocus sequence analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), β-tubulin (tub2), calmodulin (cal) and histone 3 (his3) genes unveiled the presence of Diaporthe ambigua, D. amygdali, D. crousii, D. foeniculina, D. hybrida, D. leucospermi, D. malorum and D. rudis. Moreover, all species were fully characterized based on a detailed morphological description. Diaporthe amygdali, D. hybrida, D. leucospermi and D. malorum are reported for the first time on diseased blueberries in Portugal. Results show that D. eres exhibited a high level of intraspecific variability within isolates, given that the strain CBS 160.32 might be a minor pathogen on blueberry plants, whereas CAA829 was revealed to be the most aggressive. Overall, this study also demonstrates that Diaporthe amygdali and D. eres may be two of the most aggressive species to blueberry plants. This study improves our understanding of the Diaporthe species and it’s causing of dieback and twig blight on Portuguese blueberry orchards. Additionally, the identification of these pathogens represents crucial information for blueberry producers to apply appropriate phytosanitary measures, as well as offering new insights into the potential pathogenicity of D. eres on this host.
