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Herein, four endophytic fungal strains living in healthy roots of garlic were used to produce selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) via green synthesis. Penicillium verhagenii was found to be the most efficient Se-NPs producer with a ruby red color that showed maximum surface plasmon resonance at 270 nm. The as-formed Se-NPs were crystalline, spherical,...
Citations
... Finally, the MTT medium was aspirated and replaced with 10% DMSO (200 μl/well) to dissolve the formed formazan crystals. The impact of different treatments on cell viability was evaluated by measuring O.D. at 570 nm using an ELISA microplate reader, and cell viability was determined by the equation 42 : ...
Chitosan (CH) exhibits low antimicrobial activity. This study addresses this issue by modifying the chitosan with a sulfonamide derivative, 3-(4-(N,N-dimethylsulfonyl)phenyl)acrylic acid. The structure of the sulfonamide-chitosan derivative (DMS-CH) was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Nuclear magnetic resonance. The results of scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction indicated that the morphology changed to a porous nature, the thermal stability decreased, and the crystallinity increased in the DMS-CH derivative compared to chitosan, respectively. The degree of substitution was calculated from the elemental analysis data and was found to be moderate (42%). The modified chitosan exhibited enhanced antimicrobial properties at low concentrations, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 50 µg/mL observed for B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa, and a value of 25 µg/mL for S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. In the case of native chitosan, the MIC values doubled or more, with 50 µg/mL recorded for E. coli and C. albicans and 100 μg/mL recorded for B. subtilis, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa. Furthermore, toxicological examinations conducted on MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma) cell lines demonstrated that DMS-CH exhibited greater toxicity (IC50 = 225.47 μg/mL) than pure CH, while still maintaining significant safety limits against normal lung fibroblasts (WI-38). Collectively, these results suggest the potential use of the newly modified chitosan in biomedical applications.
... Different SeNP concentrations had an antioxidant action that increased when the concentration increased (Rasouli, 2019). Penicillium verhagenii-mediated SeNPs showed 19.3 ± 4.5% inhibition percentage at a concentration of 1.95 µg mL -1 and 86.8 ± 0.6% at a concentration of 1000 µg mL -1 (Nassar et al., 2023). The concentration of 200 μg/mL biosynthesized SeNPs by Bacillus sp. ...
... The focus of these studies was to investigate the immunomodulatory properties of the nACP@ChOL coatings decorated with Se on Ti in living systems, specifically in vivo. Selenium exhibits a range of desired properties such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory effects [31]. Particularly noteworthy are its pronounced antibacterial properties coupled with biocompatibility [32]. ...
Titanium (Ti) is widely used in medical and dental implants. Calcium phosphate (CPs) coatings enhance Ti implants' osteoinductive properties, and additives further improve these coatings. Recently, a nano amorphous calcium phosphate (nACP) coating decorated with chitosan oligolactate (ChOL) and selenium (Se) showed immunomodulatory effects. This study investigates the surface morphology, composition, bioactivity, mechanical properties, and Se-release mechanism of the nACP@ChOL-Se hybrid coating on Ti substrates. Amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) was synthesized, and the nACP@ ChOL-Se hybrid coating was deposited on Ti substrates using in situ anaphoretic deposition. Physico-chemical characterization was used to analyze the surface of the coating (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). The distribution of Se within the coating was examined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Bioactivity was evaluated in simulated body fluid (SBF), and adhesion was tested using a scratch test method. In vitro testing determined the release mechanism of Se. SEM images illustrated the surface morphology, while AFM provided a detailed analysis of surface roughness. XRD analysis revealed structural and phase composition, and EDS confirmed Se distribution within the coating. The coating exhibited bioactivity in SBF and showed good adhesion according to the scratch test. In vitro testing uncovered the release mechanism of Se from the coating. This study successfully characterized the surface morphology, composition, bioactivity, and Se-release mechanism of the nACP@ChOL-Se hybrid coating on Ti substrates, offering insights for developing immunomodulatory coatings for medical and dental applications.
... Different methods including chemical, physical, and biological processes are used to create NPs. However, the use of chemical and physical processes for the production of nanoparticles is restricted by high costs, release of dangerous by-products, extreme condition requirements, and negative environmental consequences [10][11][12]. The use of biological (green) synthesis is therefore favored over chemical and physical processes and has recently attracted the attention of researchers globally. ...
... To elucidate the functional groups of the produced material, FT-IR scanning was carried out. The NPs powder was combined with potassium bromide (1 in 100, w/w) and the spectral reading was recorded in the region of 4000 to 400 cm −1 using a Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer [10][11][12][15][16][17]. ...
Green fabrication of nanoparticles (NPs) is simple, pocket-friendly, easy, sustainable, and devoid of eco-toxicity issues. Thirty-five bacterial strains were isolated from ‘tie and dye’ effluent contaminated soil and effluent samples and were identified using traditional methods. Following a dye decolourization assay, Proteus mirabilis strain (NG-ABK-32) emerged as the isolate with the highest potential to decolourize vat violet RR dye. Titania nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) fabricated using NG-ABK-32 strain were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. UV-Vis result displayed an absorption peak at 320 nm. The TEM image revealed monodispersed, spherical NPs possessing an average particle size of 3.18 nm. The crystallographic plane of rutile TiO2 NPs and high purity were confirmed by the XRD pattern. The average crystallite size was 52.53 nm. The synthesis of TiO2 NPs was further established from FT-IR by the presence of Ti-O, Ti-OH, and O-Ti-O functional groups. The synergistic treatment caused a significant reduction of total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color (Pt.Co) of the effluent by 96.86%, 78.78%, 67.84%, 56.65%, 67.84%, and 72.09% respectively. Thus, this study confirmed the better efficiency of combining biological (NG-ABK-32) pre-treatment with photocatalytic degradation post-treatment using the synthesized TiO2 NPs in the treatment of ‘tie and dye’ effluent compared to the application of the
TiO2 NPs as a single treatment method.
... Our synthetic Ag-Se/Fu nanocomposites were more crystalline (68.2%) and less amorphous (31.8%) components as a result of this investigation. so that the crystalline character of the Ag-Se/Fu nanocomposites we generated is exceedingly stable in Figure 5. Similar findings were made by previous study, which showed that the XRD analysis of the silver nanoparticles corroborated their crystalline character [25,26]. By using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, the crystalline structure of asformed Se-NPs was examined. ...
... Previous study evidence conducted by Nassar et. al., 2023 revealed that the biosynthesized SeNPs prevented a monodisperse spherical morphology with an approximate size of 100 nm [26]. Another study showed that the Silver nanoparticles using Ceratonia siliqua extract were Spherical in shape with particle size range from 5 to 40 nm [27]. ...
The synthesized Ag-SeO2-doped (Fu) nanocomposites are novel therapeutic approaches against multidrug-resistant bacteria. The present study explores the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of the antibacterial, antioxidant, and in vivo cytotoxic activities of novel nanocomposites. The distinguishing characteristics of Ag-Se/Fu nanocomposites were revealed through the use of UV-visible spectroscopy, EDX, and FTIR analysis. The result of the SEM micrograph shows that Ag-Se NPs and Fu nanocomposites, with average nanoparticle diameters that vary from 97.28 ± 7.14 nm, display spherical shapes. It was found that the potency of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents against Enterococcus faecalis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, the cytotoxicity assay indicates the nanocomposite has shown a survival rate of 98% in zebrafish embryos at 150 mg/mL. Compared to the control group, the embryos from the nanocomposite group had normal morphology, which is evidence of its safety and effectiveness. The results of this research reveal a promising strategy for multidrug-resistant bacteria with less cytotoxicity.
... Furthermore, the involvement of DC-AgNPs inside the cells could lead to a rise in oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and thus causing cell-death. The secondary metabolites present in the seaweed which are associated with the capping of AgNPs may also act as a contributor for the larvicidal and pupicidal activities (Murugan et al. 2018;Nassar et al. 2023). ...
Bio-fabrication of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was performed using the extracts of the brown seaweed Dictyota ciliolata (DC) and the resultant AgNPs were characterized by biophysical and chemical techniques. A prominent absorbance peak observed at 417 nm in the UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the presence of AgNPs. The FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of various functional groups at 2988.16, 1763.58, 1375.96, 1242.9 and 1055.84 cm⁻¹ which indicates their involvement in the stabilization of nanoparticles. XRD analysis showed the crystalline nature of DC-AgNPs. SEM analysis confirmed the presence of particles with an agglomerated clusters of micro flakes-like structure with the size range of 10 –120 nm. The weight percentage of elemental silver was determined as 54.96 % using the EDX analysis. DC-AgNPs showed potent larvicidal toxicity on the larvae of Anopheles stephensi, Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus at first, second and third instars as well as against pupae stages when compared to the aqueous extract of D. ciliolata (DC-AE). The eco-toxicity assessment of the DC-AgNPs showed only very low toxicity against the non-target species, Artemia salina. The study results show the efficacy of the brown seaweed, D. ciliolata for the cost-effective and eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs and their potential against mosquito-vectors.
... Nanoparticles are an interesting nanotechnology division with vast applications such as agriculture, cell biology, chemical sensing, drug delivery, nanomedicine, textiles, antioxidants, photocatalytic organic dye, and data storage [15]. Over the years, various types of nanoparticles such as ZnO NPs, FeNPs, MnO 2 NPs, AgNPs, Cu-Ni hybrid NPs, etc., have been synthesized using the green method [16][17][18][19][20]. Currently, the utilization of trace elements found inside the human body e.g., copper, zinc, magnesium, selenium, iron, etc. in the synthesis of nanoparticles are under investigation in the field of nanomedicine [21]. These nanomaterials are considered alternative candidates due to their unique plasmonic and optoelectronic properties. ...
The prevalence of diabetes has continued to increase over the past decade. Medicinal extract-synthesized nanoformulations incorporating trace elements found in the body have emerged as alternative therapeutic technology for the treatment of diabetes. In this study, magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were prepared using Hypoxishemerocallidea (HH) and investigated for their cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antidiabetic potentials. MgO NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and zeta-potential techniques. TEM analysis confirmed the 2D nanosheet-like morphology of the nanoparticles with particle size (diameter; 300 nm and length of about 1 µm) while the FTIR spectra showed functional groups correlating to the bioactive compounds of HH in the MgO NPs. Moderate antioxidant activity of MgO NPs was observed against DPPH (IC50 = 57.35 ± 0.28 µg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 = 52.08 ± 0.24 µg/mL). The nanoparticles were shown to be less toxic to normal embryonic (HEK293) and human liver (HEPG2) cell lines, with IC50 of 48.63 ± 0.73 and 32.39 ± 0.95 µg/mL, respectively compared to a known cytotoxic drug, doxorubicin which exhibited IC50 of 2.70 ± 0.32 and 8.62 ± 0.57 µg/mL respectively. Besides, the anti-hyperglycemic potential of the MgO NPs as demonstrated by α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities were significantly high with IC50 values of 33.03 ± 1.43 and 52.38 ± 3.06 µg/mL, respectively. These results were compared with an FDA-approved antidiabetic reference standard Acarbose, which exhibited IC50 values of 24.54 ± 1.55 and 6.54 ± 0.27 µg/mL. The results indicated that the HH bioinspired MgO NPs are capable of inhibiting meditators of diabetes and oxidative stress. This study further suggests that the MgO NPs synthesized using HH could be a good candidate for the management of diabetes and other inflammatory diseases due to their strong enzyme inhibition, efficient antioxidant properties, and biocompatibility.
... These peaks or planes match well with those of the crystalline SeO 2 , consistent with JCPDS card no. 06-0362 26 . A similar finding was reported for SeO 2 spherical NP prepared from sodium selenite and some plant leaves 24 . ...
... The stretching vibration mode of the -CH 2 -OH (primary alcoholic) is observed as a deep and sharp band at 26 . We expect that the changes in structure, hydrogen bonds, and complexation with the added NP will make the blend's physical (electrical and optical) properties better 28 . ...
Nanocomposites based on biopolymers are interesting materials owing to their multifunctionality and ease of preparation. In this study, the solution casting method was used to mix selenium oxide nanoparticles (SeO2 NP) made by a solvothermal method into a bio-blend of carboxymethyl cellulose and starch (CMC/St). XRD analysis showed that SeO2 NP increased the amorphous portion inside the blend. HR-TEM revealed the spherical morphology of these NP with an average diameter of 16.88 nm. The FE-SEM indicated a satisfactory uniform distribution and homogeneity in the surface morphology of the films. FTIR confirmed the interaction between SeO2 and the blend functional groups. The films preserved good transmission after doping, and their direct and indirect band gaps decreased. The refractive index, absorption index, optical conductivity, and other dispersion parameters were improved after SeO2 loading. The DC conductivity of the blend is in the range of 3.8 × 10⁻⁷ to 5.6 × 10⁻⁴ S/m and improved after loading SeO2 NP. The IV characteristic curves in the temperature range of 300–415 K were studied to figure out the conduction mechanism in the CMC/St/SeO2 composites. Because the optical and electrical properties improved, these nanocomposites could be used for coatings and other things like waveguides, photovoltaic cells, and light-emitting diodes.
... Endophytic fungi have been reported to produce nanoparticles such as silver [38], gold [39], cobalt oxide [40], zinc oxide [41] and copper oxide [42]. There is currently limited available data on the synthesis of SeNPs by endophytic fungi and their associated biological activities [43][44][45]. In our study, we employed the endophytic fungus Curvularia sp. ...
... In this study, the DLS method estimated a larger average size because it measures particles in their hydrated state (hydrodynamic residue). Moreover, DLS can be influenced by coating agents and uneven distribution, resulting in larger size measurements [45]. The observed polydispersity index (PDI) was found to be 0.271, which shows the monodispersed nature of the SeNPs. ...
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have recently received interest in several biological applications due to their unique role in preventing cellular damage and other serious human diseases. In this study, SeNPs were synthesized using the cell-free extract of the endophytic fungus Curvularia sp. LCJ413 with sodium selenite as the precursor. The mycosynthesized SeNPs were characterized using UV-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. The synthesized SeNPs exhibited a crystalline structure with a predominant rod-like shape, alongside some irregular shapes with an average size of 25–100 nm. The synthesized SeNPs were evaluated for biological activities such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. The results showed that SeNPs effectively inhibited Staphylococcus aureus growth (19 ± 0.47 mm zone of inhibition) and dose-dependently reduced 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazine-hydrate and hydrogen peroxide radicals, with the highest inhibition percentages of 90.66 ± 3% and 80.16 ± 2.9% at 50 µg/mL respectively. SeNPs demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory activity at 50 µg/mL, with 80.55 ± 2.7% inhibition for bovine serum albumin denaturation and 76.01 ± 3.1% inhibition for egg albumin denaturation assays. Less toxicity of the SeNPs was demonstrated using brine shrimp lethality assay and zebrafish embryonic development, which makes them an ideal candidate for nanomedicine formulations. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on the fabrication of SeNPs from the endophytic fungus Curvularia sp. LCJ413 for biological applications.
... Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) are the most probable techniques used for the detection of the morphological characteristics such as shape, sizes, and elemental compositions of synthesized nanomaterials [61]. Figure 4 A showed that the fungal-mediated CuO-NPs synthesis has a spherical shape and is well-arranged. ...
Background
The overuse of antibiotics leads to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant microbes which causes high mortality worldwide. Therefore, the synthesis of new active compounds has multifunctional activities are the main challenge. Nanotechnology provides a solution for this issue.
Method
The endophytic fungal strain Aspergillus terreus BR.1 was isolated from the healthy root of Allium sativum and identified using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. The copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) were synthesized by harnessing the metabolites of the endophytic fungal strain. The UV-Visble spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Transmission electron micrscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), and zeta potential (ζ) were used for the characterization of synthesized CuO-NPs. The activity against different pathogenic bacteria and Candida species were investigated by agar well-diffusion method. The biocombatibility and anticancer activity were assessed by MTT assay method. The scavenging of DPPH was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of synthesized CuO-NPs.
Results
Data showed the successful formation of crystalline nature and spherical shape CuO-NPs with sizes in the ranges of 15–55 nm. The EDX reveals that the as-formed sample contains ions of C, O, Cl, and Cu with weight percentages of 18.7, 23.82, 11.31, and 46.17%, respectively. The DLS and ζ-potential showed high homogeneity and high stability of synthesized CuO-NPs with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.362 and ζ-value of − 26.6 mV. The synthesized CuO-NPs exhibited promising antibacterial and anti-Candida activity (concentration-dependent) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values in the ranges of 25–50 µg mL–1. Moreover, the fungal mediated-CuO-NPs targeted cancer cells of MCF7 and PC3 at low IC50 concentrations of 159.2 ± 4.5 and 116.2 ± 3.6 µg mL–1, respectively as compared to normal cells (Vero and Wi38 with IC50 value of 220.6 ± 3.7 and 229.5 ± 2.1 µg mL–1, respectively). The biosynthesized CuO-NPs showed antioxidant activity as detected by the DPPH method with scavenging percentages of 80.5 ± 1.2% at a concentration of 1000 µg mL–1 and decreased to 20.4 ± 4.2% at 1.9 µg mL–1 as compared to ascorbic acid (control) with scavenging activity of 97.3 ± 0.2 and 37.5 ± 1.3% at the same concentrations, respectively.
Conclusion
The fungal mediated-CuO-NPs exhibited promising activity and can be integrated into various biomedical and theraputic applications.
