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![Phylogenetic tree of fairy shrimp species based on COI nucleotide sequence data. The tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method [41] and the GTR + G model [43]. Scale bar: 0.1 nucleotide substitutions per site. Bootstrap values (percentages of 500 replicates) are shown at the nodes](publication/346477885/figure/fig4/AS:963454512922632@1606716864526/Phylogenetic-tree-of-fairy-shrimp-species-based-on-COI-nucleotide-sequence-data-The-tree.png)
Phylogenetic tree of fairy shrimp species based on COI nucleotide sequence data. The tree was constructed using the maximum likelihood method [41] and the GTR + G model [43]. Scale bar: 0.1 nucleotide substitutions per site. Bootstrap values (percentages of 500 replicates) are shown at the nodes
Source publication
Background
Small crustaceans in the order Anostraca that lack a carapace are commonly referred to as fairy shrimps. Eubranchipus is an Anostracan genus distributed across the Holarctic region. E. uchidai has been recorded only in Japan and has been considered the only species of Eubranchipus in the region.
Results
We obtained fairy shrimps from th...
Similar publications
The fairy shrimp genus Parartemiopsis Rogers, 2005 currently contains a single species reported from Russia and Mongolia. In 2013, an unidentified Parartemiopsis population was reported from the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau in China’s Yunnan Province, from Patatson National Park in Shangri-La County. Here, we describe the Chinese populatio...
Citations
... Two additional Eubranchipus species occurring in Japan were recently described by Takahashi et al. (2018) (Fig. 1). Eubranchipus asanumai (Takahashi, 2018) inhabits vernal pools in only two habitats which are within the Shiretoko National Park and World Heritage Area on the Shiretoko Peninsula, located in the easternmost part of Hokkaido (Takahashi et al., 2018). ...
... Two additional Eubranchipus species occurring in Japan were recently described by Takahashi et al. (2018) (Fig. 1). Eubranchipus asanumai (Takahashi, 2018) inhabits vernal pools in only two habitats which are within the Shiretoko National Park and World Heritage Area on the Shiretoko Peninsula, located in the easternmost part of Hokkaido (Takahashi et al., 2018). Eubranchipus hatanakai (Takahashi & Hamasaki, 2018) occurs in inhabits vernal pools at the foot of Mount Chokai, located on the border of Akita and Yamagata in the Tohoku region of Honshu (Takahashi et al., 2018). ...
... Two additional Eubranchipus species occurring in Japan were recently described by Takahashi et al. (2018) (Fig. 1). Eubranchipus asanumai (Takahashi, 2018) inhabits vernal pools in only two habitats which are within the Shiretoko National Park and World Heritage Area on the Shiretoko Peninsula, located in the easternmost part of Hokkaido (Takahashi et al., 2018). Eubranchipus hatanakai (Takahashi & Hamasaki, 2018) occurs in inhabits vernal pools at the foot of Mount Chokai, located on the border of Akita and Yamagata in the Tohoku region of Honshu (Takahashi et al., 2018). ...
... The fairy shrimp genus Eubranchipus belongs to family Chirocephalidae, order Anostraca, class Branchiopoda, subphylum Crustacea, and phylum Arthropoda. These shrimps occur in temporary pools formed by snowmelt in the forest groves in northern Japan [1]. They hatch from resting eggs when the snowmelt water appears in early spring and mature in the pool and lay eggs just before the water dries up in late spring. ...
... They hatch from resting eggs when the snowmelt water appears in early spring and mature in the pool and lay eggs just before the water dries up in late spring. Thus far, studies of these shrimps have been limited [1][2][3][4], because they are found only in inconspicuous locations such as forest bushes and only during a short period [5]. In 2018, Takahashi et al. [1] described three new species of Eubranchipus for the first time in 62 years, from Far East Asia. ...
... Thus far, studies of these shrimps have been limited [1][2][3][4], because they are found only in inconspicuous locations such as forest bushes and only during a short period [5]. In 2018, Takahashi et al. [1] described three new species of Eubranchipus for the first time in 62 years, from Far East Asia. They also reviewed the morphological ambiguity of the earlier description of E. uchidai and updated the molecular systematics with the new Asian taxa. ...
Background
Fairy shrimps belong to order Anostraca, class Branchiopoda, subphylum Crustacea, and phylum Arthropoda. Three fairy shrimp species (Eubranchipus uchidai, E. asanumai, and E. hatanakai) that inhabit snowmelt pools are currently known in Japan. Whole mitochondrial genomes are useful genetic information for conducting phylogenetic analyses. Mitochondrial genome sequences for Branchiopoda members are gradually being collated.
Results
Six whole mitochondrial genomes from the three Eubranchipus species are presented here. Eubranchipus species share the anostracan pattern of gene arrangement in their mitochondrial genomes. The mitochondrial genomes of the Eubranchipus species have a higher GC content than those of other anostracans. Accelerated substitution rates in the lineage of Eubranchipus species were observed.
Conclusion
This study is the first to obtain whole mitochondrial genomes for Far Eastern Eubranchipus species. We show that the nucleotide sequences of cytochrome oxidase subunit I and the 16S ribosomal RNA of E. asanumai presented in a previous study were nuclear mitochondrial DNA segments. Higher GC contents and accelerated substitution rates are specific characteristics of the mitochondrial genomes of Far Eastern Eubranchipus. The results will be useful for further investigations of the evolution of Anostraca as well as Branchiopoda.
... To compensate for incomplete hatching and early mortality of hatchlings, it is common practice to also isolate and study unhatched eggs from the sediment (Thiéry, 1997;Wang et al., 2014). In contrast to species-specific egg morphology in most Limnadiidae , 2017, however, many anostracan species, even from different genera, can have remarkably similar egg types (Brendonck and Coomans, 1994a,b;Brendonck and Riddoch, 1997;Takahashi et al., 2018) reducing the effectiveness of such additional egg bank analysis. This rather labor intensive method therefore proved to be not always as effective as in the study of zooplankton from permanent lakes and ponds (Vandekerkhove et al., 2005). ...
Most large branchiopods inhabit endorheic waters that are of a temporary nature, atypical for the wet tropics but common in (semi)arid regions. Due to their ancient history and conserved morphology, they are often referred to as “living fossils.” Adapted to cope with intermittent droughts, large branchiopods produce long lived resting eggs that accumulate in a mixed egg bank in the sediment. During each inundation, part of the egg bank hatches into a new active community while the rest remains dormant to serve as a buffer for later recruitment. As large branchiopods can reach high biomass and span a variety of functional feeding groups, they are often key to ecosystem functioning. Yet, despite their importance, current knowledge of taxonomy, diversity, distribution, and ecology is limited. Research is complicated by substantial levels of cryptic diversity in most groups and taxonomic studies typically require the use of both morphological and molecular screening. The anostracan Parartemiidae only has members in one of the delineated biogeographical regions, while other families occur in two or more. However, genera are sometimes endemic to a limited area and species are typically very restricted in their geographic distribution. Several diversity hotspots for large branchiopods have been suggested in the subtropical climate zone, but these are probably more related to regional bias in research intensity rather than variation in ecological conditions. Still, high diversity is usually associated with pristine areas, illustrating the vulnerability of large branchiopods and their habitats to anthropogenic disturbance. Although large branchiopods cope well with the extensive natural environmental variation, many species are threatened because of habitat destruction, pollution, hydrological alteration, and climate change. Without proper conservation measures based on updated IUCN conservation goals, many more species may soon even no longer be considered as “living” fossils.
... The eggs are most similar to the modern species Eubranchipus grubii (Dybowski, 1860) (see Figure 14 in [29] and Figure 6F in [30]), which is currently known from much of Europe and east through Ukraine and central Russia [31]. The eggs bear a slight resemblance to two of the 11 North American species, namely E. oregonus Creaser and E. holmanii (Ryder) (see Figures 3 and 11 in [32]), but do not share any overt resemblance to Eubranchipus species from eastern Asia (see Figure 8 in [33]). While these eggs are very likely Eubranchipus, they either belong to an extinct Eubranchipus species or E. grubii was at one time much more widespread. ...
In this study, we examine, identify, and discuss fossil remains of large branchiopod crustaceans collected from six sites across the Beringian region (north-eastern Asia and north-western North America). Eggs and mandibles from Anostraca and Notostraca, as well as a notostracan telson fragment and a possible notostracan second maxilla, were collected from both paleosediment samples and also from large mammal hair. The remains of large branchiopods and other species that are limited to seasonally astatic aquatic habitats (temporary wetlands) could be useful indicator organisms of paleoecological conditions. Different recent large branchiopod species have very different ecological preferences, with each species limited to specific geochemical component tolerance ranges regarding various salinity, cation, and gypsum concentrations. Our purpose is to bring the potential usefulness of these common fossil organisms to the attention of paleoecologists.
... However, if L. biformis really has Russian localities as reported in Yoon & Kim (2000), Hokkaido (including the study area) may also support this species. To date, there are few records of large branchiopods from Hokkaido (Kikuchi 1957, Takahashi et al. 2018 and this study), and further field research and material based examinations are needed. ...
A new Japanese record of the Holarctic clam shrimp Lynceus brachyurus is presented with key morphological characteristics and habitat information. The rostrum, clasper, telson, and lamina abdominalis of this insular record are similar to those of the common form of L. brachyurus in continental populations, and our specimens fall within the previously reported species variability.
... Original sources of description: 1, Murdock (1885); 2-4, Takahashi et al. (2018); 5-7, Kikuchi (1957); 8, Verrill (1869); 9, Hartland-Rowe (1967); 10, Creaser (1930); 11, Forbes (1876); 12, Steuer (1898); 13, Brauer (1877); 14, Cottarelli et al. (2017); 15, Ruffo and Vessentini (1957);16-18, Pesta (1936); 19, Cottarelli and Mura (1975); 20, Daday de Deés (1910); 21, Cottarelli and Mura (1984); 22, Prévost (1803); 23, Johansen (1921); 24, Naganawa and Orgiljanova (2000); 25, Naganawa and Banzragch Zagas (2003); 26, Sars (1901) (Kikuchi, 1957) LC469604 Japan (Aomori, Higashidori) 6. Drepanosurus uchidai (Kikuchi, 1957) ...
... As a rule, this ridge is provided with a basal, hump-like spiny outgrowth, bent dorsally, and with a row of a few thorns, bordering the distal edge (Brtek and Mura 2000;emended by Naganawa). The hump-like projection mentioned above is replaced by a group of minute thorns in species from Russian Far East and Japan (cf. Takahashi et al. 2018). Type species. ...
... Distribution. Shiretoko Five Lakes, Shari, Hokkaido, Japan (Takahashi et al. 2018). ...
Order Anostraca (fairy shrimp of large branchiopods) is a primitive crustacean group, retaining ancient forms and ecology. The Holarctic family Chirocephalidae originated over 100 million years ago; it is a very long-lived freshwater taxon that has survived from the Mesozoic to the present. Thus, using this taxon as an indicator, we verified how the geographical distribution of freshwaters shifted during the ancient era. We used newly collected samples of Drepanosurus uchidai from Aomori (northern Japan) and Galaziella baikalensis and Branchinecta orientalis from Olkhon Island (the largest lake-bound island of Lake Baikal, Russia) to sequence 658 bp of COI gene. These sequences, plus those of 16S rRNA gene (~ 550-bp mt16S rDNA fragment), were compared with those retrieved from GenBank. To re-evaluate and clarify phylogenetic relationships among the Chirocephalidae that remains confused till now, six genera of the family, including Polyartemiella, Drepanosurus, Eubranchipus, Chirocephalus, Artemiopsis, and Galaziella species were used for molecular analyses. Small water bodies usually have comparatively short lives and fade away sooner or later due to growth of aquatic plants and accumulation of bottom sediments. In such environments, refugia formed on the shores of large-scale lakes were necessary for large branchiopods to survive several Ice Ages. The lake shorelines have moved with the growth or decline of the lakes, but the habitats of large branchiopods sporadically left behind can now be confirmed as a history of the shifting geographical distribution of global freshwaters. For example, two types of large branchiopod populations from island-bound water bodies on Olkhon Island are recognized: (1) populations on the northwestern coast that are closely related to the group in the Mongolian Gobi steppe region, and (2) populations in other areas distant from the coast that are highly endemic to the island. Based on fossil records and genetic distances, an absolute differentiation time of world chirocephalids can be estimated as 140 million years ago in the Mesozoic era. On the other hand, the age of Lake Baikal is only 25‒30 million years at the most. Therefore, extant large branchiopods of Olkhon Island must have first appeared near the present lake catchment after separation from their ancestral populations that had originated in Europe, and before the formation of Lake Baikal.
