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Phylogenetic tree (maximum likelihood) showing the relationships among Fusarium solani isolates from yellow passion fruit compared with isolates of other Fusarium species, based on the sequences of the ITS–5·8S rDNA region. GenBank accession numbers are given in parentheses. The isolate Fusarium sp. (GenBank sequence FSU34567) was used as the out-group.
Source publication
The aim of this study was to characterize a Fusarium population obtained from yellow passion fruit (YPF) with collar rot using pathogenicity, morphocultural characteristics and molecular tests. Pathogenicity and disease severity were assessed in six plant species: YPF, zucchini, tomato, bean, soya bean and cucumber. Potato dextrose agar medium (PDA...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... maximum likelihood consensus tree yielded two distinct clades comprising (i) F. solani, and (ii) all other non-F. solani species (Fig. 1). Within the cluster contain- ing the different formae speciales of F. solani, all the isolates from YPF formed a distinct subgroup with high statistical support (100% bootstrap; Fig. ...
Context 2
... maximum likelihood consensus tree yielded two distinct clades comprising (i) F. solani, and (ii) all other non-F. solani species (Fig. 1). Within the cluster contain- ing the different formae speciales of F. solani, all the isolates from YPF formed a distinct subgroup with high statistical support (100% bootstrap; Fig. ...
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Citations
... (O'Donnell et al. 2010). High genetic variability was observed within members of the FSSC based on combined gene sequence analysis (Bueno et al. 2014;Chitrampalam and Nelson 2016;Nalim et al. 2011). Therefore, a molecular systematic study using sequence divergence of EF-1a, RPB1, and RPB2 genes, combined with morphological analysis, was used for accurate identification of the tobacco pathogens. ...
The aim of this study was to characterize the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) population obtained from tobacco roots with root rot symptoms using morphological characteristics, molecular tests, and assessment of pathogenicity. Cultures isolated from roots were white to cream with sparse mycelium on PDA with colony growth of 21.5 ± 0.5 to 29.5 ± 0.5 mm after 3 days. Sporodochia were cream on carnation leaf agar (CLA) and spezieller nährstoffarmer agar (SNA), and macroconidia formed in sporodochia were 3- to 6-septate, straight to slightly curved, with wide central cells, a slightly short blunt apical cell, and a straight to almost cylindrical basal cell with a distinct foot shape, ranging in size from 20.92 to 64.37 μm × 3.91 to 6.57 μm. Microconidia formed on CLA were reniform and fusiform with 0 or 1 to occasionally 2 septa, that formed on long monophialidic conidiogenous cells, with a size range of 5.99 to 32.32 μm × 1.76 to 5.84 μm. Globose to oval chlamydospores were smooth to rough-walled, 6.5 to 13.3 ± 0.37 μm in diameter, terminal or intercalary, single or in pairs, occasionally in short chains on SNA. Molecular tests consisted of sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF-1α), RNA polymerase II largest subunit (RPB1), and second largest subunit (RPB2) regions. All the obtained sequences revealed 98.14%~100% identity to Fusarium solani in both Fusarium ID and Fusarium MLST databases. Phylogenetic trees of the EF-1α gene and concatenated three-loci data showed that isolates from tobacco in Henan grouped in the proposed group 5, which is nested within FSSC clade 3 (FSSC 5). Twenty-seven of the 28 isolates caused a root rot of artificially inoculated tobacco seedlings, with a disease index ranging from 15.00 ± 1.67 to 91.11 ± 2.22. Cross pathogenicity tests showed that three representative isolates were virulent to six species of Solanaceae and two of Poaceae, with disease indexes ranging from 6.12 ± 0.56 to 84.44 ± 0.00, indicating that these isolates have a wide host range. The results may inform control of tobacco root rot through improved crop rotations.
... The national contribution of the department dropped from 44.7% to 2.6% due to collar root prevalence (Hoyos-Carvajal & Castillo, 2015). (Bueno et al., 2014), is the most a disease severity index (SI) for collar rot. Both experiments showed severity indices greater than 56%, indicating a high level of efficacy of the inoculation system in replicating disease symptoms under greenhouse settings. ...
... passiflorae and F. solani using the root immersion method, which was effective for selecting resistant rootstocks (Correia et al., 2022). Similar results were reported by Bueno et al. (2014), CEPASS & ASOHOFRUCOL (2010), and Ortiz & Hoyos (2016). ...
... Passiflorae. We used strains of Fusarium strains SEC-053 (sweet granadilla) and SEC-173 (purple passion fruit) that had been previously characterized morphologically and microscopically on culture media: carnation leaf agar (CLA) and potato dextrose agar (PDA) (Bueno et al., 2014;Porter et al., 2015;Vargas, 1992), and through molecular methods for Fusarium species using ITS-Fu2, ITS-Fs5, and TEF-Fs4 markers (Arif et al., 2012;Bueno et al., 2014). The strains, which had been purified and stored in a working microorganism collection, were reactivated on a synthetic culture medium (PDA) in Petri dishes at a temperature of 25 ± 2°C in darkness for 7 to 10 days ( Figure 1a). ...
Controlled infection systems constitute a valuable tool in the study of pathosystems, as they enable the observation and measurement of specific characteristics with greater precision and ease compared to natural conditions. Additionally, they are useful for exploring and identifying sources of resistance in host populations. However, the plant's response to infection can vary depending on the inoculation method; invasive methods can damage plant parts, thus facilitating pathogen entry even in the presence of certain resistance mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of an artificial infection protocol and an assessment scale for primary symptoms at the stem base/root collar, as well as secondary symptoms in leaves and roots of two Passiflora species. We evaluated the effects of inoculating planting substrates of sweet granadilla and purple passion fruit plants with three concentrations of F. solani f. sp. passiflorae (0.5 × 106, 1 × 106, and 2 × 106 conidia gram-1 of substrate), using non-inoculated plants as controls under controlled conditions. These treatments were tested in two separate experiments performed in 2017 and 2020. The study included symptom development readings integrated in a disease severity index (SI) for collar rot. Both experiments showed severity indices greater that 56%, indicating a high level of efficacy of the inoculation system for replicating disease symptoms in greenhouse settings. Our inoculation method reflects the conditions of natural infection of F. solani in sweet granadilla and purple passion fruit plants; it could be suitable for epidemiological and disease control studies, as well as for routine germplasm screening to identify sources of resistance.
... In a stressful environment, a fungus produces chlamydospores in the soil. Fusarium wilt occurred by the spread of chlamydospores in the pathogen's main habitat [21]. Fusarium survives as chlamydospores for many years by colonizing plant roots. ...
Patchouli is the source of an essential oil known as patchouli oil and it has a pivotal contribution to the increase of national income in Indonesia. However, this plant is vulnerable to wilt disease caused by fungi, bacteria and nematodes, contributing to the losses in quality and quantity of patchouli production. This review is aimed at providing information about these destructive pathogens and their effective controls. It is explained that fungus Fusarium solani , bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum , and nematodes Pratylenchus spp. ( P. brachyurus and P. coffeae ), Radopholus similis and Meloidogyne spp. (M. incognita and M. hapla) have contributed to the loss of patchouli production by different symptoms appeared. F. solani attacks the plant roots, triggering root rot, necrotic and wilt, resulting in the plant’s death. R. solanacearum has colonized the stems and nematodes creating a color alteration in leaves, stunted growth, root rot and wilt during midday. These pathogenic organisms can be controlled by applying preventive measures, biocontrol agents and biopesticides.
... Emechebe et al. [92], Ploetz [93], Li et al. [94], Ssekyewa et al. [95], Bueno et al. [96], Marostega et al. [97], Zhou et al. [98] Canker Fusarium solani Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pasiflorae Florida, USA Manicom et al. [99], Ploetz [100], Anderson and Chambers [101] Fusarium solani ...
... Collar rot caused by Fusarium solani is another severe disease of passion fruit. Bueno et al. [96] proposed Fusarium solani f. sp. passiflorae as the causative pathogen of collar rot; as in a phylogenetic tree based on the ITS region and EF-1α sequences, these isolates formed a distinct cluster from other formae speciales of Fusarium solani. ...
... passiflorae as the causative pathogen of collar rot; as in a phylogenetic tree based on the ITS region and EF-1α sequences, these isolates formed a distinct cluster from other formae speciales of Fusarium solani. Although there are fewer reports of collar rot than of wilt disease, the former can also cause significant yield losses and has been detected on passion fruit cultivated in Brazil, USA, China, Uganda [92][93][94][95][96]98]. ...
Minor tropical fruits are grown on a small scale and provide income to smallholder farmers. The cultivation of these fruit crops indirectly contributes to the economy of producing countries as well as to food and crop security. Dragon fruits, guava, passionfruit, lychee, longan, mangosteen, durian, and rambutan are common minor fruit crops. In recent years, the international trade of some of these minor tropical fruits, particularly dragon fruit, passionfruit, guava, and lychee, has increased due to their nutritional value, with various health benefits. Similar to other crops, minor fruit crops are susceptible to fungal and oomycete diseases. These diseases negatively affect the yield and quality of fruit crops, leading to substantial losses. In this context, the knowledge of disease types and causal pathogens is fundamental to develop suitable disease management practices in the field as well as appropriate post-harvest treatments.
... However, there are no reports for members of FSSC associated with tobacco in the NWA region. There are reports for FSSC for other crops such as beans, passion fruit, and soybean (6,9,26). In soybean cultivation, this behavior was also observed with Fusarium graminearum in tests under controlled conditions (5). ...
The production of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) in Argentina is centered in the northwestern region (NWA), where the incidence of root rots and stem diseases caused by Fusarium spp. has increased considerably in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity levels of isolates of the F. oxysporum and F. solani complexes in different varieties of Virginia Type tobacco. The commercial varieties MB47, PVH229, NC71, K346, K326, and K394 were inoculated with six isolates of both complexes. The variables evaluated were the incidence and severity of the symptoms. The area under the disease progress curves (AUDPC) was calculated and subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). Also, disease epidemiological models were fitted to the experimental data. The MB47 variety was significantly less infected and the varieties K346, K326, and K394 had the highest AUDPC means, showing susceptibility to the isolates. The disease intensity curves were adequately described by the monomolecular and logistic models. The results provide, for the first time, information about the levels of tolerance to vascular wilt and root rot under controlled conditions for the main varieties of Virginia-type tobacco grown in NWA.
Highlights:
• FOSC isolates produced mainly wilting, chlorosis, and growth reduction in tobacco plants; in contrast, FSSC isolates caused root rot, with characteristic necrotic lesions and root rot symptoms.
• The highest DSI scores were registered for Fo27 and Fo15, while the lowest DSI score was found for Fs98.
• The results obtained from the DSI scores were related to the mean AUDPC values of the isolates.
• MB47 and NC71 were significantly less infected than the other varieties, which registered low AUDPC values.
... Most fusaria are generally categorized as hemibiotrophic pathogens as the infection is initiated by an intermediate biotrophic lifestyle and eventually enters a necrotrophic mode to kill host cells using toxic compounds, enzymes, or microRNAs [49]. They employ a broad spectrum of infection strategies to release destructive Fusarium diseases and cause root rot and sudden death in some trees [50,51]. P. trichocarpa is a perennial woody model plant. ...
Fusarium solani (Fs) is one of the notorious necrotrophic fungal pathogens that cause root rot and vascular wilt, accounting for the severe loss of Populus production worldwide. The plant-pathogen interactions have a strong molecular basis. As yet, the genomic information and transcriptomic profiling on the attempted infection of Fs remain unavailable in a woody model species, Populus trichocarpa. We used a full RNA-seq transcriptome to investigate the molecular interactions in the roots with a time-course infection at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours post-inoculation (hpi) of Fs; Concomitantly, the invertase and invertase inhibitor-like gene families were further analyzed, followed by the experimental evaluation of their expression patterns using quantita-tive PCR (qPCR) and enzyme assay. The magnitude profiles of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed at 72 hpi inoculation. Approximately 839 genes evidenced a reception and transduction of pathogen signals, a large transcriptional reprogramming, induction of hormone signaling, activation of pathogenesis-related genes, and secondary and carbohydrate metabo-lism changes. Among these, a total of 63 critical genes that consistently appear during the entire interactions of plant-pathogen had substantially altered transcript abundance and potentially constituted suitable candidates as resistant genes in genetic engineering. These data provided essential clues in the developing new strategies of broadening resistance to Fs through tran-scriptional or translational modifications of the critical responsive genes within various ana-lyzed categories (e.g., carbohydrate metabolism) in Populus.
... The pathogen is a species complex that can persist in soil for several years and is distributed by wind, equipment, and water. The fungus causes different types of destructive diseases such as wilt, slow decline, and fruit rot on host crops (Al-Sadi et al. 2014;Bueno et al. 2014;Yaseen and D'Onghia 2012). Dry root rot of citrus has been reported to induce different types of symptoms such as wilt, slow decline, fruit rot, and dieback on most citrus varieties in Oman (Bender 1985;Nemec et al. 1980), South Africa (Labuschagne et al. 1987), Italy (Polizzi et al. 1992), Pakistan (Conzulex et al. 1997;Kore and Mane 1992;Rehman et al. 2012;Verma et al. 1999), Tunisia, Greece, Egypt (El-Mohamedy 1998; Yaseen and D'Onghia 2012), Australia (Broadbent 2000) and Florida, California (Graham et al. 1985), and Texas in the United States. ...
Fusarium dry root rot is one of the most dangerous diseases of citrus in Turkey. Since December 2015, a devastating decline has caused light purple, vascular discolorations, and dry decay of fibrous roots in some citrus orchards. Cream-colored colonies produced ovoid, ellipsoid or reniform, 1–2-celled microconidia. Macroconidia were 3–5 septate, hyaline, straight, or slightly curved. Chlamydospores were produced from mycelium in intercalary or terminal chains. The fungus was identified as Fusarium solani by sequencing of the ITS and tef-1α nucleotides, pathogenicity assay and MALDI-TOF MS. In pathogenicity tests on ‘Okitsu’, 20 isolates of Fusarium spp. caused typical root rot.
... Members of the species complex are important plant pathogens of more than 100 agricultural crops where they can cause vascular wilt or root rot [6]. Individual species are often associated with only one or a few hosts and consequently plant pathogenic populations of F. solani have been further subdivided into formae speciales [7][8][9], although this view has been challenged recently [10]. The variation within the species complex is also reflected within sexual replication, where both heterothallic, homothallic and mitosporic species have been identified [3]. ...
Background:
Besides their ability to produce several interesting bioactive secondary metabolites, members of the Fusarium solani species complex comprise important pathogens of plants and humans. One of the major obstacles in understanding the biology of this species complex is the lack of efficient molecular tools for genetic manipulation.
Results:
To remove this obstacle we here report the development of a reliable system where the vectors are generated through yeast recombinational cloning and inserted into a specific site in F. solani through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. As proof-of-concept, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) was inserted in a non-coding genomic position of F. solani and subsequent analyses showed that the resulting transformants were fluorescent on all tested media. In addition, we cloned and overexpressed the Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional factor fsr6 controlling mycelial pigmentation. A transformant displayed deep red/purple pigmentation stemming from bostrycoidin and javanicin.
Conclusion:
By creating streamlined plasmid construction and fungal transformation systems, we are now able to express genes in the crop pathogen F. solani in a reliable and fast manner. As a case study, we targeted and activated the fusarubin (PKS3: fsr) gene cluster, which is the first case study of secondary metabolites being directly associated with the responsible gene cluster in F. solani via targeted activation. The system provides an approach that in the future can be used by the community to understand the biochemistry and genetics of the Fusarium solani species complex, and is obtainable from Addgene catalog #133094.
Graphic abstract:
... spp. classification system, it is still in use among plant pathologists, with new names still being assigned under this informal, subspecific taxonomic rank (Chung et al. 2011, Bueno et al. 2014). Presently, 29 ff. ...
... 63: 388. 2014 Notes -This special form was introduced as affecting yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) in Brazil (Bueno et al. 2014). It most likely represents a distinct species based on available DNA barcodes derived from the original study. ...
The genus Neocosmospora (Fusarium solani species complex) contains saprobes, plant endophytes and pathogens of major economic significance as well as opportunistic animal pathogens. Advances in biological and phylogenetic species recognition revealed a rich species diversity which has largely remained understudied. Most of the currently recognised species lack formal descriptions and Latin names, while the taxonomic utility of old names is hampered by the lack of nomenclatural type specimens. Therefore, to stabilise the taxonomy and nomenclature of these important taxa, we examined type specimens and representative cultures of several old names by means of morphology and phylogenetic analyses based on rDNA (ITS and LSU), rpb2 and tef1 sequences. Sixty-eight
species are accepted in Neocosmospora, 29 of them described herein as new; while 13 new combinations are made. Eleven additional phylogenetic species are recognized, but remain as yet undescribed. Lectotypes are proposed for eight species, seven species are epitypified and two species are neotypified. Notes on an additional 17 doubtful or excluded taxa are provided.
... Passion fruit belongs to the genus Passiflora, the most economically important among the Passifloraceae family. It has a high genetic diversity, with more than 630 species (Bueno et al., 2014;Preisigke et al., 2015), about 141 of them native to Brazil (Bernacci et al., 2014). Brazil stands out as the largest world producer of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims), with an output of 555,000 metric tons, from an area of 41,000 ha (13.50 t ha À 1 ), with the State of Bahia accounting for 40.0% of the national production (IBGE, 2018). ...
... Variability of Fusarium wilt resistance was reported for some wild species of Passiflora spp. (Bueno et al., 2014;Preisigke et al., 2015). However, the crossings frequently result in segregation among progenies. ...
