Fig 2 - uploaded by Nguyen Kim Anh
Content may be subject to copyright.
Phylogenetic tree derived from maximum likelihood analysis of combined ITS, LSU and rpb1 genes of 37 sequences. Ceriporia cystidiata and C. lacerate were used as outgroup. Numbers above branches are the bootstrap statistics percentages (left) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (right). Branches with bootstrap values ≥50% are shown at each branch and the bar represents 0.1 substitutions per nucleotide position. The fungal isolates from this study are in bold.
Source publication
Polypores are diverse macrofungi that have been extensively studied for their lignocellulolytic enzyme production capabilities. Currently, these enzymes are being used for many industrial purposes. However, the high cost associated with their production is the main barrier to their broader application. This work aimed to study the optimal medium an...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... phylogram indicated that all fungal isolates in this study were placed within the family Polyporaceae (Fig. 2). Five fungal strains were placed into the genus Microporus, within which the strains KA007, KA009, KA012 and KA016 were identified as Microporus affinis and the strain KA038 was Microporus xanthopus. Additionally, the fungal strain KA018 was identified as Hexagonia tenuis. The remaining fungal strain, KA053, was placed in the genus ...
Context 2
... phylogram indicated that all fungal isolates in this study were placed within the family Polyporaceae (Fig. 2). Five fungal strains were placed into the genus Microporus, within which the strains KA007, KA009, KA012 and KA016 were identified as Microporus affinis and the strain KA038 was Microporus xanthopus. Additionally, the fungal strain KA018 was identified as Hexagonia tenuis. The remaining fungal strain, KA053, was placed in the genus ...
Citations
... In this case, the large ribosome subunit (LSU) region was also used, as described by Chew [34]. Twelve selected fungi were identified belonging to 11 [35], S. commune [36], and Cyathus sp. [37]. ...
... It was noted that white rot fungi in this study performed as multiple LCE producers rather than single enzyme producers in some previous studies. For example, M. xanthopus and F. roseus were reported for CMCase production [35], while Cyathus sp., T. ljubarskyi, and P. acaciicola performed as laccase producers [37][38][39]. ...
... For example, Favolus sp. produced CMCase of 0.65 U/mL [35], Trametes sp. LBM033 with 0.387 U/mL [41], and L. polychrous Lev.LP-BR-11 with 1.041 U/mL [42]. ...
The present study aimed to discover good lignocellulolytic enzyme (LCE) producers from Thailand’s tropical forest and then examine their multiple LCE production (including carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase), xylanase, and laccase) using agricultural wastes as substrate. The total collection was 50 fungi, mainly from the Polyporales, Agaricales, and Xylariales orders. During primary screening by qualitative method and secondary screening by quantitative method, two potential fungi were proposed for multiple LCE production, including Auricularia auricula-judae 088 and Pseudolagarobasidium acaciicola TDW-48. Under solid-state fermentation (SSF) using agricultural wastes as substrates, P. acaciicola TDW-48 performed as a good producer that highly secreted simultaneous CMCase, xylanase, and laccase. In the next stage, the simplex lattice mixture design assessed the interaction of agricultural waste substrates and their effects on P. acaciicola TDW-48’s enzyme production. The results indicated that agricultural waste has different influences on CMCase, xylanase, and laccase production: orange peel showed a positive effect on both CMCase and xylanase activity, but a negative effect on laccase. In contrast, wheat bran positively influenced laccase, while it limited CMCase and xylanase. However, the combination of these substrates in the mixture showed synergic effects and improved enzyme activity. Through numerical optimization, a ternary mixture of wheat bran (1.27 g), orange peel (1.53 g), and rice husk (0.2 g) was identified as the most appropriate formulation for simultaneous multiple LCE production, reaching 20.96 U/g substrate for CMCase, 23.94 U/g substrate for xylanase, and 27.55 U/g substrate for laccase. These results provided a promising candidate for LCE production with high applicability in lignocellulose bioconversion and successfully demonstrated the relationship between the agricultural waste substrate and multiple LCE production that supported the enzyme production following the environmentally friendly and economical approach.
... Here in this study, pH 7 was observed as optimum for SSF ( Table 3). The finding was in agreement with the results obtained by Nguyen et al 18 . ...
In this present study, cauliflower wastes were employed as a substrate for better β-galactosidase production by Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC2190. Cauliflower leaf and stalk were used separately as substrates for solid state fermentation. 10% cauliflower stalk enhanced β-galactosidase production at the maximum level. Cultural parameters such as incubation period, temperature and pH were optimized. Maximum β-galactosidase was produced at 40ºC at pH 7 containing cauliflower stalk supplemented medium after 30 h of incubation.
... Decreasing trend in enzyme production was found with the escalation in pH value. The decline in productivity with further rise in pH value can be explained by the reason that enzymes are sensitive to pH and minor change in pH might cause a drop in enzyme production (Nguyen, Kumla, Suwannarach, Penkhrue, & Lumyong, 2019). A lower inoculum size needs a longer time period for fungal colonies to multiply at a certain number in order to produce enzyme by utilizing the substrate in the medium. ...
The main bottleneck in fermentation technology is scaling up procedure of industrial enzymes according to the biological characteristics of the organism. The current study describes the production kinetics of cellulases in stirred tank reactor by using mutant and wild strains of T. dupontii. The fermentation span of both the strains in bioreactor was examined. It is was found in mutant strain of T. dupontii fermentation time required for optimum production was reduced to 48h as compared to 72h in wild strain. The kinetic studies also exhibited greater value of µ (h-1) in case of mutated strain in comparison with wild strain. The effects of some other critical factors like agitation intensity dissolve oxygen, aeration, temperature, size of inoculum and pH was estimated on enzyme production kinetics. The results shows maximum activity of cellulases was attained at 220 rpm, 15% dissolve oxygen, aeration rate 1.5 vvm, 55°C, 8 % inoculum size and pH 5.5 for both strains respectively. The higher values of enzyme production kinetics i.e. Yp/x, Qp, Qx and qp in STR in case of mutant strain indicates its superiority over wild strain of T. dupontii. Thus mutant thermophilic T. dupontii might be a potential candidate for industrial applications.
... The rising concerns of producing cellulase are due to their huge demand in different sectors such as cotton processing, cellulosic-based bioethanol production, detergent formulation, textile, laundry, food, feed, leather, juice extraction, paper, and pulp making industries [2,[19][20][21][22]. However, several bacteria and actinomycetes have been reported cellulase yield [22][23][24]. Species of the genera Trichoderma, Penicillium, and Aspergillus are renowned producers of commercial cellulase [4]. The cellulase accounts for about 20% of the world market as a commercial enzyme [6,14,16,25,26]. ...
Second-generation biofuel production has emerged as a prominent sustainable and alternative energy. The biochemical properties of cellulolytic enzymes are imperative for cellulosic biomass conversion into fermentable sugars. In the present study, thermostable CMCase and β-glucosidase were purified and characterized from Aspergillus fumigatus JCM 10253. The enzymes were purified through 80% ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by dialysis and DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography. The molecular masses of the purified CMCase and β-glucosidase were estimated to be 125 kDa and 90 kDa, respectively. The CMCase and β-glucosidase demonstrated optimum activities at pH 6.0 and 5.0, respectively. Their respective maximum temperatures were 50 and 60 °C. The cellulase activities were stimulated by 10 mM concentration of Ca²⁺, Ni²⁺, Fe²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Mn²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Pb²⁺ ions. The CMCase activity was enhanced by surfactant Triton X-100 but marginally influenced by most inhibitors. The β-glucosidase retained its activity in the presence of organic solvents (30%) isoamyl alcohol, heptane, toluene, and ethyl acetate, while CMCase was retained with acetone during a prolonged incubation of 168 h. The Km and Vmax values of the two cellulases were studied. The properties of high thermostability and good tolerance against organic solvents could signify its potential use in biofuel production and other value-added products.
... The influences of co-cultivation (Metreveli et al. 2017), nutrient medium (An et al. 2016b), and ion type (Saparrat et al. 2010) also have been investigated. Compared to submerged fermentation (SmF), solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a procedure in which the substrate barely appears in water (Nguyen et al. 2019). The low moisture content in the fermentation of microorganisms is limited primarily to yeasts, fungi, and bacteria (Acharya et al. 2010). ...
... Fungi are highly adaptable to SSF because the fungal hyphae features are spread across the surface. They easily penetrate inter-particle spaces where their colonization is typically more efficient than other organisms in solid substrates (Sukumaran et al. 2005;Nguyen et al. 2019). More importantly, using solid state fermentation can help avoid the dilution of enzyme products due to the high content of water in submerged fermentation (Oostra et al. 2000). ...
Solid state fermentation with different lignocellulolytic materials as inducers was used for lignocellulolytic enzyme production in this study. Pleurotus ostreatus strains were assessed by measuring laccase, CMCase, and xylanase activities. The secretion potential of the lignocellulolytic enzymes by wild and cultivated strains was analyzed for the first time. The wild and cultivated strain showed their unique capacities for secreting lignocellulolytic enzymes on solid-state fermentation with different lignocellulosic materials. The wild P. ostreatus strain preferred corncob for the secretion of laccase and xylanase activity, but the cultivated strain preferred poplar sawdust. The wild strain and cultivated strain showed a consistent preference for poplar sawdust for the secretion of CMCase activity. The wild strain was advantageous because it achieved the maximum hydrolytic enzyme activities within a short time period. Poplar sawdust and corncob were conducive to laccase secretion by the wild or cultivated strains and the rapid accumulation of laccase on solid-state fermentation. Additionally, continuous, stable laccase production was an extremely important advantage by solid-state fermentation of poplar sawdust, particularly in the wild strain. These findings are helpful in selecting the appropriate strain that corresponds to suitable lignocellulosic materials. The optimization of integrated industrial lignocellulolytic enzyme production can also be achieved.
... Avicel, which is microcrystalline cellulose derived from wood pulp has been indicated to significantly induce production of hydrolytic enzymes compared to carboxymethyl cellulose. Moreover, studies on agricultural wastes such as moringa straw, green tea leaves, paddy straw, wheat and rice straw have shown their ability to be used in production of cellulase from white-rot fungi such as Polyporus spp, Pleurotus spp, Auricularia polytricha [44]. Notably, different surfactants and N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF) compounds were reported to have stimulatory effects on cellulase enzymes in fungi (Fig. 1). ...
White-rot basidiomycetic fungi have gained a lot of scientific attention in recent years owing to their 15 ability to produce cellulase enzymes that are of great importance in numerous industrial applications. 16 This has seen a rise in number of studies seeking to comprehend both physical and molecular 17 mechanisms that regulate the production of cellulase enzymes in these fungi. Cellulase has several 18 applications in production of food and beverages, biofuel, biological detergents, pharmaceuticals, 19 and deinking in paper and pulp industry. Enhanced understanding of genetic mechanisms that 20 regulate cellulase production would have utility for optimal cellulase production in white-rot 21 basidiomycetes using biotechnology approaches. Carbon catabolite repression and various 22 transcriptional factors such as XlnR, Cre, Clr, Ace, and gna1 control expression of genes encoding 23 cellobiohydrolase (CBH), endoglucanase (EGL) and β-glucosidase (BGL). In this review, we have 24 consolidated and summarised some of recent findings on genetic regulation of cellulase with an aim 25 of highlighting the general regulatory mechanisms that underlie cellulase expressions in white-rot 26 fungi. This review further outlines some of important transcription factors that regulate cellulase 27 genes, and key research gaps that may need to be addressed by future research. 28
... The body texture is hard and odorless in smell properties. Boa (2008) and Nguyen et al. (2019) reported that several species of Microporus have the potential to be used as drugs. ...
Macroscopic fungi are cosmopolitan-heterotrophic organisms that have an important ecological role in the ecosystem. This study aimed to explore the diversity of species and the potency of Fungi in the Campus Forest of IPB Unversity. The observation was carried out from March to April 2019 using the exploration method. Identification used morphological characters such as fruit body shape, hygrophnous, cap color, diameter, edge, and margin, wetness level, himenophore type. The result showed that all identified fungi were Basidiomycota, 11 individuals, which was divided into 7 families, 4 order, and 1 class. The Group fungi were identified as Termitomyces sp. 1, Termitomyces sp. 2, Marasmius sp. 1, Marasmius sp. 2, Psathyrella sp., Geastrum sp., Stereum sp., Microporus sp., Polyporus sp., Ganoderma sp. 1 and Ganoderma sp. 2. Some fungi found to be potentially used as food sources, medicine and also played an important role as a decomposer in the IPB university campus forest.
The potential of wood-rotting and litter-deconstructing basidiomycetes to convert lignocellulose into a wide variety of products has been extensively studied. In particular, wood-rotting basidiomycete secretomes are attracting much attention from researchers and biotechnology companies due to their ability to produce extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes that effectively degrade cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of plant biomass. An analysis of the available literature data shows that Basidiomycota fungi, which are most adapted to the depolymerization of plant polysaccharides, are promising but so far unexploited sources of new hydrolytic enzymes. The review summarizes the latest data on the great variety, common features, and unique properties of individual fungi and the production of cellulases and xylanases by various physiological and ecological groups of basidiomycetes. The most important microbial cellulase-producing strains for submerged and solid-phase fermentation, as well as the main substrates, including the use of agro-industrial waste, are considered. It highlights ways to increase both cellulase and xylanase expression levels and the cost-effectiveness of producing these enzymes for various biotechnological applications. It is anticipated that this review will be particularly useful to novice scientists working in the lignocellulose biorefinery, as it describes current knowledge and issues related to the production and regulation of polysaccharide hydrolyzing enzyme synthesis.
With the development of economy, beverage has gradually become an indispensable and important role in People’s Daily life. The use of enzymes in ready-to-drink (RTD) tea and coffee products has contributed in increasing the yield and production of various types of nutrition additions. The enzyme treatments have also been tried in three stages of tea processing, for instance, enzymatic treatment to green tea and conversion to black tea, followed by extraction, and enzymatic clarification of extract. Enzymes are able to remove bitterness of tea or coffee products, extract pigments, among other applications, have also had great prospect in the RTD tea and coffee products industry. The reuse of RTD tea and coffee industrial wastes to produce value-added products could also be achieved by enzyme catalysis, while reducing carbon emissions, energy consumption and environmental pollution, as well as increasing production. The application of enzyme technology in the value addition of RTD tea and coffee products was discussed.
Millions of tons of agricultural waste are produced globally every year. A practical solution to this global problem is to convert this waste into value-added products. In this study, endoglucanase enzyme production was carried out by using waste melon peels as a carbon source. To use this important resource, its stubborn structure must be broken down. Rumen bacteria are regarded as unique for this job. Therefore, firstly endoglucanase producing rumen bacteria was isolated and the bacteria with the best activity (OB24) were identified by molecular methods (16S rRNA gene squencing). As a result of the sequence analysis, it was determined that isolate belonged to Exiguobacterium mexicanum. Then, by optimizing the culture conditions, the enzyme production potential was increased. The optimal conditions were determined as 50 g/L MPP, 2g/L yeast extract, 60 h incubation time, pH: 6.0, and 40°C temperature. Under optimized conditions the enzyme activity increased approximately 3.8-fold.
