Fig 2 - uploaded by Mohamed Abdel-Wahab
Content may be subject to copyright.
Phylogenetic relationships of Cirrenalia-like fungi in Halosphaeriales and the TBM clade based on the nucleotide sequences of the LSU and SSU rDNA. The maximum likelihood tree (ML) (-ln likelihood = 6,605.47385) was constructed as described in the text.
Source publication
Four new helicoid anamorphic fungi collected from marine habitats in Egypt and Japan are described. Three marine and one terrestrial
Cirrenalia species along with two Cumulospora species and the four new fungi were sequenced for LSU and SSU rDNA. Phylogenetic analyses of the generated sequences, along
with those from GenBank, confirmed the polyphyl...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... are parsimony- informative characters. Two most parsimonious trees were produced using heuristic search, both with a tree length of 843 steps, a consistency index of 0.5967, a retention index of 0.7892 and a rescaled consistency index of 0.4709. Maximum likelihood analysis produced one tree with -ln likelihood score of 6,605.47 which we use in Fig. 2. Most parsimonious (MP), and neighbor-joining (NJ) and bayes- ian analyses produced similar trees to the one shown in Fig. ...
Context 2
... length of 843 steps, a consistency index of 0.5967, a retention index of 0.7892 and a rescaled consistency index of 0.4709. Maximum likelihood analysis produced one tree with -ln likelihood score of 6,605.47 which we use in Fig. 2. Most parsimonious (MP), and neighbor-joining (NJ) and bayes- ian analyses produced similar trees to the one shown in Fig. ...
Context 3
... within the TBM clade with 100% bootstrap support. Moheitospora fruticosae grouped with 100% bootstrap support with Juncigena adarca which produce the anamorph Cirrenalia adarca (as Moheitospora adarca) in culture ( Kohlmeyer et al. 1997). The new fungus, Glomerulispora mangrovis grouped with Torpedo- spora radiata Meyers and T. ambispinosa Kohlm. (Fig. 2). The numbers are the bootstrap values for the nodes supported by >50% (250 replicates, ML/posteriori probabilities, Bayesian/1,000 replicates, MP). Cirrenalia-like species in squares were produced using heuristic search, all produced trees with a tree length of 1,185 steps, a consistency index of 0.5570, a retention index of 0.7288 and ...
Context 4
... (as Zalerion varium) groups within the Leotiales, Leotiaceae in a clade comprising Glarea lozoyensis Bills & Peláez, Hymenoscyphus monotropa Kernan & Finocchio and Pezicula carpinea (Pers.) Tul. ex Fuckel ( Bills et al. 1999;Jones et al. 2009). Cirrenalia macrocephala groups within the Halosphaeriales with strong support (Tsui and Berbee 2006) (Fig. 2). Jones et al. (2008Jones et al. ( , 2009 indicated that Cirrenalia pygmea, C. tropicalis and Cumulospora varia grouped within the ...
Context 5
... The new genus, Moheitospora, is different from the genus Cirrenalia in having small conidial cells that are similar in size and pigmentation and the coiled nature of the mature conidia are not easily recognized and conidia appear to be muriform. Phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal genes placed the new genus in the TBM clade (Fig. 2) and that was supported in the previous studies ( Schoch et al. ...
Context 6
... SSU rDNA sequences of the fungus grouped it with Juncigena and Swampomyces in the TBM clade ( Schoch et al. 2006). The latter two genera are exclusively marine fungi. Note: the transfer of C. adarca to Moheitospora is based on phylogenetic and morphological evidence. C. adrica (as Juncigena adarca) forms a monophyletic clade with M. fruticosae ( Fig. 2) and have conidial cells that are similar in size and shape and mature conidia appear to be muriform ( Kohlmeyer et al. ...
Citations
... Previous studies have primarily focused on systematics and taxonomic research of helicosporous hyphomycetes (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010;Boonmee et al. 2011Boonmee et al. , 2014Lu et al. 2017aLu et al. , 2017bLu et al. , 2017cLu et al. , 2018aLu et al. , 2023aLu et al. , 2023bKuo and Goh 2018;Lu and Kang 2020;Li et al. 2022aLi et al. , 2022bMa et al. 2023aMa et al. , 2023bXiao et al. 2023;Zhang et al. 2023). Recent studies on the natural products of some members from Neohelicomyces genus have shown that two compounds from N. hyalosporus (PF11-1) exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against human cancer cells (A549, TCA, RD) (Zheng et al. 2023). ...
Neohelicomyces species are a group of helicosporous hyphomycetes with the potential to produce secondary metabolites. During our investigation of helicosporous fungi, six collections were isolated from both terrestrial and freshwater habitats in Guizhou Province, China. Based on multigene phylogenetic analysis (ITS, LSU, tef1α and rpb2), coupled with morphological data, three new Neohelicomyces species, viz. N. guizhouensis, N. helicosporus and N. hydei were established. A list of accepted Neohelicomyces species with molecular data was provided. The strain of Neohelicomyces pallidus (UAMH 10535) was synonymised under N. denticulatus based on molecular data.
... Cirrenalia remains 13 species, some of which are still questionable (Chethana et al. 2021;Index Fungorum 2022). The molecular data is only available for the type species C. macrocephala which belongs to Halosphaeriaceae (Tsui and Berbee 2006;Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010;Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2017;Liu et al. 2020). In comparison, Neocirrenalia is a member of Chaetosphaeriaceae. ...
Freshwater fungi comprises a highly diverse group of organisms occurring in freshwater habitats throughout the world. During a survey of freshwater fungi on submerged wood in streams and lakes, a wide range of sexual and asexual species were collected mainly from karst regions in China and Thailand. Phylogenetic inferences using partial gene regions of LSU, ITS, SSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequences revealed that most of these fungi belonged to Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes and a few were related to Eurotiomycetes. Based on the morphology and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce four new genera, viz. Aquabispora, Neocirrenalia, Ocellisimilis and Uvarisporella, and 47 new species, viz. Acrodictys chishuiensis, A. effusa, A. pyriformis, Actinocladium aquaticum, Annulatascus tratensis, Aquabispora setosa, Aqualignicola setosa, Aquimassariosphaeria vermiformis, Ceratosphaeria flava, Chaetosphaeria polygonalis, Conlarium muriforme, Digitodesmium chishuiense, Ellisembia aquirostrata, Fuscosporella atrobrunnea, Halobyssothecium aquifusiforme, H. caohaiense, Hongkongmyces aquisetosus, Kirschsteiniothelia dushanensis, Monilochaetes alsophilae, Mycoenterolobium macrosporum, Myrmecridium splendidum, Neohelicascus griseoflavus, Neohelicomyces denticulatus, Neohelicosporium fluviatile, Neokalmusia aquibrunnea, Neomassariosphaeria aquimucosa, Neomyrmecridium naviculare, Neospadicoides biseptata, Ocellisimilis clavata, Ophioceras thailandense, Paragaeumannomyces aquaticus, Phialoturbella aquilunata, Pleurohelicosporium hyalinum, Pseudodactylaria denticulata, P. longidenticulata, P. uniseptata, Pseudohalonectria aurantiaca, Rhamphoriopsis aquimicrospora, Setoseptoria bambusae, Shrungabeeja fluviatilis, Sporidesmium tratense, S. versicolor, Sporoschisma atroviride, Stanjehughesia aquatica, Thysanorea amniculi, Uvarisporella aquatica and Xylolentia aseptata, with an illustrated account, discussion of their taxonomic placement and comparison with morphological similar taxa. Seven new combinations are introduced, viz. Aquabispora grandispora (≡ Boerlagiomyces grandisporus), A. websteri (≡ Boerlagiomyces websteri), Ceratosphaeria suthepensis (≡ Pseudohalonectria suthepensis), Gamsomyces aquaticus (≡ Pseudobactrodesmium aquaticum), G. malabaricus (≡ Gangliostilbe malabarica), Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora), and Rhamphoriopsis glauca (≡ Chloridium glaucum). Ten new geographical records are reported in China and Thailand and nine species are first reported from freshwater habitats. Reference specimens are provided for Diplocladiella scalaroides and Neocirrenalia nigrospora (≡ Cirrenalia nigrospora). Systematic placement of the previously introduced genera Actinocladium, Aqualignicola, and Diplocladiella is first elucidated based on the reference specimens and new collections. Species recollected from China and Thailand are also described and illustrated. The overall trees of freshwater Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes collected in this study are provided respectively and genera or family/order trees are constructed for selected taxa.
... Jones & Abdel-Wahab. The latter species is known by its anamorphic stage only (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010) and it was transferred to Torpedospora based on its phylogenetic affinities with the genus (Réblová et al. 2016). Species of Torpedospora are characterized by dark-colored, immersed to superficial, subglobose to ellipsoidal, subcarbonaceous to subcoriaceous ascomata; clavate to ellipsoidal, unitunicate, thin-walled and early deliquescing asci and cylindrical to elongate-ellipsoidal, triseptate, hyaline ascospores with several radiating appendages at one or both ends (Meyers 1957). ...
... Fungal fruiting bodies (mainly Phragmothyrites) were also abundant. Cirrenalia pygmea, found at low abundance, is associated with decaying submerged, intertidal wood, especially mangrove wood (Abdel-Wahab et al., 2010). Kerogenaceous material was predominantly terrestrially derived, mainly including abundant plant cuticle (like Berakas Beach), with relatively common structured and unstructured inertinite, structured vitrinite, and rare plant tracheids. ...
The Malay Archipelago is one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth, but it suffers high extinction risks due to severe anthropogenic pressures. Paleobotanical knowledge provides baselines for the conservation of living analogs and improved understanding of vegetation, biogeography, and paleoenvironments through time. The Malesian bioregion is well studied palynologically, but there have been very few investigations of Cenozoic paleobotany (plant macrofossils) in a century or more. We report the first paleobotanical survey of Brunei Darussalam, a sultanate on the north coast of Borneo that still preserves the majority of its extraordinarily diverse, old-growth tropical rainforests. We discovered abundant compression floras dominated by angiosperm leaves at two sites of probable Pliocene age: Berakas Beach, in the Liang Formation, and Kampong Lugu, in an undescribed stratigraphic unit. Both sites also yielded rich palynofloral assemblages from the macrofossil-bearing beds, indicating lowland fern-dominated swamp (Berakas Beach) and mangrove swamp (Kampong Lugu) depositional environments. Fern spores from at least nine families dominate both palynological assemblages, along with abundant fungal and freshwater algal remains, rare marine microplankton, at least four mangrove genera, and a diverse rainforest tree and liana contribution (at least 19 families) with scarce pollen of Dipterocarpaceae, today’s dominant regional life form. Compressed leaves and rare reproductive material represent influx to the depocenters from the adjacent coastal rainforests. Although only about 40% of specimens preserve informative details, we can distinguish 23 leaf and two reproductive morphotypes among the two sites. Dipterocarps are by far the most abundant group in both compression assemblages, providing rare, localized evidence for dipterocarp-dominated lowland rainforests in the Malay Archipelago before the Pleistocene. The dipterocarp fossils include winged Shorea fruits, at least two species of plicate Dipterocarpus leaves, and very common Dryobalanops leaves. We attribute additional leaf taxa to Rhamnaceae ( Ziziphus ), Melastomataceae, and Araceae ( Rhaphidophora ), all rare or new fossil records for the region. The dipterocarp leaf dominance contrasts sharply with the family’s <1% representation in the palynofloras from the same strata. This result directly demonstrates that dipterocarp pollen is prone to strong taphonomic filtering and underscores the importance of macrofossils for quantifying the timing of the dipterocarps’ rise to dominance in the region. Our work shows that complex coastal rainforests dominated by dipterocarps, adjacent to swamps and mangroves and otherwise similar to modern ecosystems, have existed in Borneo for at least 4–5 million years. Our findings add historical impetus for the conservation of these gravely imperiled and extremely biodiverse ecosystems.
... A dataset consisting of nrSSU, nrITS, and nrLSU was assembled on the basis of BLASTn results and of the available phylogenetic studies focused on Lulworthiales, Lulworthiaceae, and Lulworthia [5][6][7]9,11,25,26]. Reference sequences were obtained from GenBank (Table 1). ...
... Preliminary analyses carried out individually with nrITS, nrSSU, and nrLSU revealed no incongruence in the topology of the single-loci trees. The combined threemarkers dataset-built on the basis of the BLASTn results and available phylogenetic studies [5][6][7]9,11,25,26]-consisted of 69 taxa (including MUT strains) that represented 15 genera and 29 species (Table 1) (Figure 3). (Figure 4). ...
... Halosphaeriaceae) [6,7], and was then moved to the new subclass Lulworthiomycetidae [5]. The polyphyletic nature of these two genera initially confused taxonomists, although nowadays, following a number of revisions [7,8,25,26], it is broadly accepted and is once more demonstrated in our investigation (Figure 1). ...
The order Lulworthiales, with its sole family Lulworthiaceae, consists of strictly marine genera found on a wide range of substrates such as seagrasses, seaweeds, and seafoam. Twenty-one unidentified Lulworthiales were isolated in previous surveys aimed at broadening our understanding of the biodiversity hosted in the Mediterranean Sea. Here, these organisms, mostly found in association with Posidonia oceanica and with submerged woods, were examined using thorough multi-locus phylogenetic analyses and morphological observations. Maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogeny based on nrITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, and four protein-coding genes led to the introduction of three novel species of the genus Paralulworthia: P. candida, P. elbensis, and P. mediterranea. Once again, the marine environment is a confirmed huge reservoir of novel fungal lineages with an under-investigated biotechnological potential waiting to be explored.
... Fungi associated with Suaeda total 18 taxa. Dothideomycetes was represented by 14 taxa (77.78%), while three taxa were Sordariomycetes (Cryptovalsa suaedicola [144], Fusarium fujikuroi [62], Moheitospora fruticosae [130]) and one taxon of Pucciniomycetes (Aecidium suaedae [154]). ...
This review brings together the research efforts on salt marsh fungi, including their geographical distribution and host association. A total of 486 taxa associated with different hosts in salt marsh ecosystems are listed in this review. The taxa belong to three phyla wherein Ascomycota dominates the taxa from salt marsh ecosystems accounting for 95.27% (463 taxa). The Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota constitute 19 taxa and four taxa, respectively. Dothideomycetes has the highest number of taxa, which comprises 47.12% (229 taxa), followed by Sordariomycetes with 167 taxa (34.36%). Pleosporales is the largest order with 178 taxa recorded. Twenty-seven genera under 11 families of halophytes were reviewed for its fungal associates. Juncus roemerianus has been extensively studied for its associates with 162 documented taxa followed by Phragmites australis (137 taxa) and Spartina alterniflora (79 taxa). The highest number of salt marsh fungi have been recorded from Atlantic Ocean countries wherein the USA had the highest number of species recorded (232 taxa) followed by the UK (101 taxa), the Netherlands (74 taxa), and Argentina (51 taxa). China had the highest number of salt marsh fungi in the Pacific Ocean with 165 taxa reported, while in the Indian Ocean, India reported the highest taxa (16 taxa). Many salt marsh areas remain unexplored, especially those habitats in the Indian and Pacific Oceans areas that are hotspots of biodiversity and novel fungal taxa based on the exploration of various habitats.
... Another example is Lulworthia cf. purpurea, which in our phylogenetic analysis and in other studies clustered separately from the genus Lulworthia (Campbell et al. 2005;Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010;Azevedo et al. 2017). In fact, Jones et al. (2015) already reported that many Lulworthia-like species were referred to Lulworthia sensu lato, because many Lulworthia collections do not have morphological features documented, and for practical purposes, unidentified species with ascospore lengths between 150 and 500 μm had been classified as Lulworthia sp. ...
... based on Kohlmeyer and Volkmann-Kohlmeyer (1991). Therefore, and in agreement with other authors (Koch et al. 2007;Jones et al. 2008;Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010), we also report this issue and anticipate the future establishment of a new genus. However, despite phylogenetic evidences, we were unable to observe the micromorphology to confirm the connection to L. purpurea and establish a new genus. ...
Lignicolous marine fungi are a particular group of microorganisms that are typically found in mangroves, salt marshes, and estuaries, normally associated with driftwood or submerged wood. During investigations of lignicolous fungi occurring in the estuary Ria de Aveiro, Portugal, wood baits were submerged in a marina for 1 year. Seventeen distinct marine fungal species were identified, with the most abundant taxa belonging to the family Lulworthiaceae. Through single- and multilocus phylogenies based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and large subunit (28S) and small subunit (18S) of the ribosomal RNA gene cluster in combination with morphological and physiological data, we describe Remispora submersa, sp. nov., and Zalerion pseudomaritima, sp. nov., as novel species. Additionally, we propose that Papulaspora halima, a species whose taxonomic placement has been somehow confusing, be transferred to the genus Paralulworthia as Paralulworthia halima.
... The marine condition is incredibly unpredictable and contains an expansive range of contagious assorted variety 9 . Normal items from growths are viewed as a significant hotspot for novel antimicrobial mixes due to their bottomless contagious species assorted variety, their rich optional metabolites, and the upgrades in their hereditary rearing and aging procedures. ...
Many infectious diseases have been treated with natural medicine. Now, fungi metabolites continue to play a major role as a therapeutic medicine in many countries. The present study reveals the potentiality of filtrate of Aspergillus terreus and Cladosporium cladosporioides as antidermatophitic agents. Molecular identification of isolates fungi using DNA sequencing of EF4 and ITS4 primers were performed. The fungal filtrate of A. terreus and C. cladosporioides were prepared in Potato dextrose broth and Sabouraud dextrose broth media. Antidermatophitic activity of it was evaluated against Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton verrucosum, Microsporum gallinae, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Microsporum floccosum, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis using dry weight method. The results show that E. floccosum was the most sensitive for Sabouraud dextrose broth filtrate of A. terreus while M. gallinae was the most sensitive for Potato dextrose broth of A. terreus. The potato dextrose broth filtrate of A. terreus was further subjected to the determination of the Minimal inhibitory concentration using different concentrations. The minimal inhibitory concentration values of different extracts were found to be different but in the range of (2.5-10 mg/ml), and defined the Anti-scavenging activity and Total phenolic contents for both fungal filtrates. Potato dextrose broth filtrate of A. terreus has the highest anti scavenging activity (71.5 %) and the highest amount of phenolic content (30.08mg/gdw). In addition, some bioactive compounds from fungal filtrates are separated and estimated by using High-performance liquid chromatography.
... It also enabled the taxonomic assignment of known asexual marine fungi e.g. Cirrenalia, Cumulospora and Orbimyces in the Lulworthiales (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010). It has also helped to clarify many novel species of marine fungi and the trend is expected to continue. ...
The recent realistic estimate of fungal numbers which used various algorithms was between 2.2 and 3.8 million. There are nearly 100,000 accepted species of Fungi and fungus-like taxa, which is between 2.6 and 4.5% of the estimated species. Several forums such as Botanica Marina series, Fungal Diversity notes, Fungal Biodiversity Profiles, Fungal Systematics and Evolution—New and Interesting Fungi, Mycosphere notes and Fungal Planet have enhanced the introduction of new taxa and nearly 2000 species have been introduced in these publications in the last decade. The need to define a fungal species more accurately has been recognized, but there is much research needed before this can be better clarified. We address the evidence that is needed to estimate the numbers of fungi and address the various advances that have been made towards its understanding. Some genera are barely known, whereas some plant pathogens comprise numerous species complexes and numbers are steadily increasing. In this paper, we examine ten genera as case studies to establish trends in fungal description and introduce new species in each genus. The genera are the ascomycetes Colletotrichum and Pestalotiopsis (with many species or complexes), Atrocalyx, Dothiora, Lignosphaeria, Okeanomyces, Rhamphoriopsis, Thozetella, Thyrostroma (relatively poorly studied genera) and the basidiomycete genus Lepiota. We provide examples where knowledge is incomplete or lacking and suggest areas needing further research. These include (1) the need to establish what is a species, (2) the need to establish how host-specific fungi are, not in highly disturbed urban areas, but in pristine or relatively undisturbed forests, and (3) the need to establish if species in different continents, islands, countries or regions are different, or if the same fungi occur worldwide? Finally, we conclude whether we are anywhere near to flattening the curve in new species description.
... Three gene regions (LSU, ITS and SSU) were used for the phylogenetic analyses and the sequence data were obtained from fresh collections and GenBank according to related studies (Abdel-Wahab et al. 2010, Sakayaroj et al. 2011, Pang et al. 2012, Abdel-Wahab et al. 2014, Jones et al. 2015, Luo, et al. 2019, Wang et al. 2019, Hyde et al. 2020. The sequences were aligned using the online multiple alignment program MAFFT v.7 (http://mafft.cbrc. ...
Two strains, representing trichocladium-like species, were collected from a freshwater lake in Guizhou Province, China. Based on the morphological characters, they were well identified as Trichocladium constrictum who lacked molecular data. In the phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and SSU sequence data, the collections cluster together with Cirrenalia iberica within Halosphaeriaceae but formed a distinct clade to the type of Cirrenalia (Halosphaeriaceae) and Trichocladium (Chaetomiaceae). The significant long conidiophores of Trichocladium constrictum differ from those of other Trichocladium species. The straight conidia of Cirrenalia iberica is distinguished from curved conidia of other Cirrenalia species. In line with the morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses, Cucurbitinus gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Trichocladium constrictum and Cirrenalia iberica as Cucurbitinus constrictus comb. nov. and Cucurbitinus ibericus comb. nov. Descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa are provided with discussion of the reclassification.
