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Phylogenetic relationship of Pseudomassariosphaeria triseptata with related taxa in Pleosporales based on the nucleotide sequences of the combined SSU and LSU rDNA. The maximum likelihood (ML) tree (-ln likelihood = 12,436.25) was constructed in PAUP* v.4.0b10 (Swofford 2002). The maximum parsimonious data set of the combined genes consisted of 58 in-group taxa and 1 out-group taxon with 1006 total characters, of which 675 were constant, 109 parsimony-uninformative and 222 parsimony-informative. The parsimony analyses of the data matrix yielded 64 equally most parsimonious trees with a tree length of 951 steps (consistency index [CI] = 0.4669, homoplasy index [HI] = 0.5331, retention index [RI] = 0.7733, rescaled consistency index [RC] = 0.361). Phylogenetic trees obtained from ML, maximum parsimony (MP) and Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (BIPP) were similar in topology. Bootstrap support on the nodes represents ML and MP ≥50%. Branches with a BIPP of 100% are in bold. The tree is rooted to Dothidea sambuci (Pers.) Fr. The new fungus is in red font, and the sequences were submitted to GenBank with accession numbers LSU = MK411002, SSU = MK411003.
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This paper documents six new saprobic marine fungi and one new genus based on morphology and multi-gene phylogenies. Three Dothideomycetes, and members of the Pleosporales, are introduced: Pseudomassariosphaeria triseptata sp. nov. was recognized as a mangrove species in Amniculicolaceae, and Salsuginea phoenicis sp. nov. was discovered as a second...
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... The taxonomic investigations of microfungi have been conducted by various researchers, with an emphasis on their respective habitats, such as marine habitats [64], freshwater habitats [56], or an emphasis on their hosts, such as mangrove fungi [65], teak fungi [66], grass fungi [67], and entomopathogenic fungi [68]. Alternatively, researchers may focus on particular fungal groups, such as annulatascaceae-like taxa [57,69], tubeufialike taxa [55], pestalotiopsis-like taxa [70,71]. ...
Species within Tetraplosphaeriaceae have been frequently documented in recent years with the extensive investigations of microfungi along a latitudinal gradient from north to south in the Asian/Australian region. Both bamboo substrates and freshwater habitats serve as extensive reservoirs, hosting a rich diversity of fungi that exhibit broad geographical distributions. The most common fungi in these two environments are generally distributed in distinct families. However, our statistics have revealed an intriguingly distinct preference of Tetraplosphaeriaceae species for inhabiting both bamboo substrates and freshwater habitats. The genera Pseudotetraploa (100%) and Triplosphaeria (100%) exhibit a strong preference, followed by Shrungabeeja (71%) and Quadricrura (67%). Our taxonomic and phylogenetic study of microfungi in southern China have identified four additional novel species, viz., Aquatisphaeria bambusae sp. nov., Pseudotetraploa phyllostachydis sp. nov., Pseudotetraploa yangjiangensis sp. nov., and Tetraploa submersa sp. nov. from bamboo substrates and freshwater habitats. In addition, Aquatisphaeria thailandica has previously been documented from freshwater habitats in Thailand; however, we have once again isolated this species from decaying bamboo substrates in Guangdong, China. The new findings substantiate our hypothesis that the preference of Tetraplosphaeriaceae species for colonizing bamboo substrates and freshwater habitats will be more evident through more extensive investigations conducted in such environments.
... Agaricomycetes and Sordariomycetes dominated (27%) the modules in Gazi Bay and Mida Creek. These fungal classes are both wood decay fungi [61,62]; however, most Agaricomycetes species are capable of decomposing both the cellulosic and lignin components of wood [61] and are among the most enriched fungal classes in most unpolluted mangrove sediment [17,63]. In both study sites, there were significant associations between fungal phylotypes and several physicochemical parameters. ...
Fungi are among key actors in the biogeochemical processes occurring in mangrove ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the changes of fungal communities in selected mangrove species by exploring differences in diversity, structure and the degree of ecological rearrangement occurring within the rhizospheres of four mangrove species ( Sonneratia alba , Rhizophora mucronata , Ceriops tagal and Avicennia marina ) at Gazi Bay and Mida Creek in Kenya. Alpha diversity investigation revealed that there were no significant differences in species diversity between the same mangrove species in the different sites. Rather, significant differences were observed in fungal richness for some of the mangrove species. Chemical parameters of the mangrove sediment significantly correlated with fungal alpha diversity and inversely with richness. The fungal community structure was significantly differentiated by mangrove species, geographical location and chemical parameters. Taxonomic analysis revealed that 96% of the amplicon sequence variants belonged to the Phylum Ascomycota , followed by Basidiomycota (3%). Predictive FUNGuild and co-occurrence network analysis revealed that the fungal communities in Gazi Bay were metabolically more diverse compared to those of Mida Creek. Overall, our results demonstrate that anthropogenic activities influenced fungal richness, community assembly and their potential ecological functions in the mangrove ecosystems investigated.
... Similarly, Gobabebomyces was found on leaves of Vachellia erioloba (Fabaceae) in an arid environment of the Namib Desert (Crous et al. 2020). The relations between plants and fungi, especially endophytes, still need to be better understood, as the lifestyle and metabolites produced by these fungi may have a specialised role and benefit a diversity of plants (Bezerra et al. 2012, 2017a, b, 2019, Bhunjun et al. 2023. The protection of these plant species in natural ecosystems can supply tools to investigate fungal diversity in different biomes, mainly in dry environments, and contribute to the national and global census of fungal diversity (e.g., Flora e Funga do Brasil, 2023). ...
Meristematic fungi are mainly defined as having aggregates of thick-walled, melanised cells enlarging and reproducing by isodiametric division. Dothideomycetes black meristematic and meristematic-like fungi have been allied to Myriangiales, which currently has two accepted families, Myriangiaceae and Elsinoaceae, with fungi mainly regarded as pathogens, parasites, saprobes and epiphytes of different plant species. This study aimed to verify the phylogenetic position using four nuclear markers (SSU, LSU, ITS and RPB2) of the incertae sedis genera associated with Myriangiales, namely Endosporium, Gobabebomyces, Lembosiniella and Phaeosclera, and the new genus, Endophytium gen. nov. (including E. albocacti sp. nov. and E. cacti sp. nov.), established for endophytic fungi occurring in cacti in Brazil. Based on morphology, lifestyle and phylogenetic inferences, these black meristematic and meristematic-like fungi cannot be accommodated in Myriangiales. Combining these results, three new orders and two new families are introduced: Endophytiales ord. nov. (including Endophytiaceae fam. nov. for Endophytium gen. nov.), Endosporiales ord. nov. (including Endosporiaceae for Endosporium) and Phaeosclerales ord. nov. (including Phaeoscleraceae fam. nov. for Phaeosclera). Gobabebomyces and Lembosiniella remained incertae sedis due to their disposition in the phylogenetic tree, that moved among clades accordingly with the gene analysed. Our results show that the inclusion of endophytic fungi obtained from plants in dry forests can contribute to the discovery of new taxa, clarify the phylogenetic position of allied taxa and confer information to the estimation of national and global fungal diversity.
... The genus is characterized by scattered to gregarious, yellow, pale buff to orange, globose to pyriform perithecia that are fully or partially immersed in stromata; cylindrical to narrowly clavate asci containing eight ascospores; and the production of falcate, straight to curved, 1-5-septate macroconidia [2,3]. They are mostly saprobes and occur on various substrata, such as rotten twigs, decayed wood, the stromata of other fungi, soil, water, the slime flux of trees, sewage, the bones of wild boar and even air [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. Currently, there are 22 species accepted in this genus [9,10], of which five are reported from China [9,[11][12][13]. ...
... Among the known species of Fusicolla, F. aquaeductuum, F. betae, F. bharatavarshae [2,5,8,10,34,46,47,49], as well as the newly described species. Large-scale surveys covering different ecosystems and substrates in unexplored regions will further improve our knowledge of the species diversity of the genus and establish connections between the sexual and asexual stages of Fusicolla species, which will permit a better understanding of the whole fungus. ...
To explore the species diversity of the genus Fusicolla, specimens from Henan, Hubei and Jiangsu Provinces in China are examined, and three undescribed taxa are encountered. The morphological characteristics and DNA sequence analyses of the combined acl1, ITS, LSU, rpb2 and tub2 regions support their placement in Fusicolla and their recognition as new species. Fusicolla aeria sp. nov. is distinguished by the formation of abundant aerial mycelia on PDA, falcate, (1–)3-septate macroconidia 16–35 × 1.5–2.8 μm and subcylindrical, aseptate microconidia 7.5–13 × 0.8–1.1 μm. Fusicolla coralloidea sp. nov. has a coralloid colony on PDA, falcate, 2–5-septate macroconidia 38–70 × 2–4.5 μm and rod-shaped to ellipisoidal, aseptate microconidia 2–7 × 1–1.9 μm. Fusicolla filiformis sp. nov. is characterized by filiform, 2–6-septate macroconidia 28–58 × 1.5–2.3 μm and lacking microconidia. Morphological differences between these novel species and their close relatives are compared in detail. The previously recorded species of the genus in China are listed and a key to these taxa is provided.
... Known distribution: Worldwide Jones et al. 2020;Dayarathne et al. 2020;Perera et al. 2020). ...
This paper provides outlines for Bionectriaceae, Calcarisporiaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae, Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae, Stromatonectriaceae and Xanthonectriaceae with taxonomic treatments. We provide up-to-date DNA sequence-based phylogenies including combined gene analysis of ITS, LSU, rpb2, tef1 and tub2 for Hypocreales and accept 17 families. Three new families and 12 new species are introduced with descriptions and illustrations, while 13 new records and one new species combination are provided. Here we mainly detail the taxonomy of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae, Nectriaceae and Tilachlidiaceae, Ijuhyaceae fam. nov., Stromatonectriaceae fam. nov. and Xanthonectriaceae fam. nov. are introduced in this study based on phenotypic and molecular analyses. For each family we provide a list of accepted genera, the taxonomic history, morphological descriptions, taxonomic placement based on DNA sequence data and illustrate the type genus. Representatives of each family are illustrated based on the type herbarium material or fresh specimens where available, or provide relevant references. Notes on ecological and economic importance of the families are also given.
... The state-of-the-art molecular approach is multigene phylogenetic analyses, which can be used to identify marine fungi to the species level, as has been accomplished for other groups of fungi. In previous studies, marine fungi have been reported as dominant groups belonging to Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Sordariomycetes [13,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. Figures 1 and 2 show the distribution of select taxa that have been introduced during 2010-2020 in the above-mentioned classes. ...
Marine fungi are an ecological rather than a taxonomic group that has been widely re- searched. Significant progress has been made in documenting their phylogeny, biodiversity, ultra- structure, ecology, physiology, and capacity for degradation of lignocellulosic compounds. This review (concept paper) summarizes the current knowledge of marine fungal diversity and provides an integrated and comprehensive view of their ecological roles in the world’s oceans. Novel terms for ‘semi marine fungi’ and ‘marine fungi’ are proposed based on the existence of fungi in various oceanic environments. The major maritime currents and upwelling that affect species diversity are discussed. This paper also forecasts under-explored regions with a greater diversity of marine taxa based on oceanic currents. The prospects for marine and semi-marine mycology are highlighted, notably, technological developments in culture-independent sequencing approaches for strengthening our present understanding of marine fungi’s ecological roles.
... Sordariomycetes is the second largest class, comprising 23,187 species classified into 47 orders and one order Incertae sedis (Kirk, 2022), and it is characterized by nonlichenized, flask-shaped, less frequently cleistothecial ascomata and unitunicate asci (Maharachchikumbura et al., 2016;Hyde et al., 2020). Both the two classes have a cosmopolitan distribution and can be found in almost all ecosystems including terrestrial, marine, and freshwater habitats (Luo et al., 2019;Dong et al., 2020;Jones et al., 2020). Some taxa are pathogenic to plants, arthropods, nematodes and mammals (Spatafora et al., 2015;Chang et al., 2019;Norphanphoun et al., 2019;Hongsanan et al., 2020a;Hyde et al., 2020;Xu et al., 2021), and fungicolous (Sun et al., 2019;Yang et al., 2019). ...
In Sichuan province, walnuts, consisting of Juglans regia , Juglans sigillata , and the hybrid J. regia × J. sigillata , are commercially important edible nuts, and J. regia is the most widespread plant. To date, the diversity and distribution of fungi inhabiting on Juglans have not received enough attention, although there have been studies focusing on pathogens from fruit and stem. In order to update the checklist of fungi associated with Sichuan walnuts, a survey on fungi associated with the three Juglans species from 15 representative regions in Sichuan was conducted. In this article, ten fungi distributed in two classes of Ascomycota (Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes) were described based on morpho-molecular analyses, and two novel species, Neofusicoccum sichuanense and Sphaerulina juglandina , a known species of Ophiognomonia leptostyla , and seven new hosts or geographical records of Cladosporium tenuissimum , Diatrypella vulgaris , Helminthosporium juglandinum , Helminthosporium velutinum , Loculosulcatispora hongheensis , Periconia byssoides , and Rhytidhysteron subrufulum were included. Morphological descriptions and illustrations of these fungi are provided.
... Pleosporales is the largest order in the class Dothideomycetes [1], and its members are found worldwide on a variety of host plants as epiphytes, endophytes, saprobes and parasites [2][3][4]. In addition, they are commonly found in terrestrial, marine and freshwater habitats [5][6][7]. Some of them produce secondary metabolites that can serve as a basis for developing new antimicrobials, agrochemical pesticides and other useful compounds [8]. ...
Pleosporales is the largest and most morphologically diverse order in Dothideomycetes, including a large proportion of saprobic fungi. During the investigation of microfungi from decaying wood in Sichuan Province, several novel fungal taxa of asexual and sexual morphs were collected , identified, and well-described. Phylogenetic analyses based on SSU, ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TEF1α gene sequences suggested that these new taxa were related to Pleosporales and distributed in five families, viz. Amorosiaceae, Bambusicolaceae, Lophiostomataceae, Occultibambusaceae and Tetraplosphaeriaceae. The morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny evidence justify the establishment of six new taxa, namely Bambusicola guttulata sp. nov., Flabellascoma sichuanense sp. nov., Neoangustimassarina sichuanensis gen. et sp. nov., Occultibambusa sichuanensis sp. nov. and Pseudotetraploa bambusicola sp. nov. Among them, Neoangustimassarina was introduced as the second sexual morph genus in Amorosiaceae; Bambusicola guttulata, O. sichuanensis and P. bambusicola were isolated from bamboos, which contributed to the diversity of bambusicolous fungi. The detailed, illustrated descriptions and notes for each new taxon are provided, as well as a brief note for each family. The potential richness of fungal diversity in Sichuan Province is also discussed.
... annual-checklist/2019/; accessed September 20 2021). Species of Dothideomycetes are found worldwide in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats and are characterized mainly by bitunicate asci, usually with fissitunicate dehiscence [4][5][6]. Many members of Dothideomycetes are important plant pathogens [7][8][9], whereas some species are used in biotechnological applications [10,11]. ...
During a survey of plant-inhabiting fungi and water niches from Korea, noteworthy fungi were collected; among them, two new species, Paracamarosporium noviaquum sp. nov. and Phyllosticta gwangjuensis sp. nov., are described based on morphology and multi-gene phylogenies. Paracamarosporium noviaquum was characterized by its production of 1-celled and 2-celled conidia, forming conidiomata on only potato dextrose agar medium. Phyllosticta gwangjuensis was characterized by conidia hyaline, ovoid to ellipsoid shape, rounded at both ends, containing numerous guttulae or with a single large central guttule. Additional species were identified as Cosmospora lavitskiae, Monochaetia cameliae, and Roussoella doimaesalongensis, which are reported as new record species from Korea. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these taxa are provided herein.
... These include three novel genera: Thyridariella (T. (Phookamsak et al. 2019), Halocryptosphaeria avicenniae (Dayarathne et al. 2020b), Lanspora cylindrospora, Verruconis mangrovei (Hyde et al. 2020b), Biatriospora borsei (Hongsanan et al. 2020), Fusicolla bharathavarshae (Jones et al. 2020), Peroneutypa polysporae, P. indica, Phaeoseptum carolshearerianum, and Ph. manglicola (Dayarathne et al. 2020a). ...
... Previous studies of Indian mangroves yielded circa 17 new marine fungi. In the current study, 78 (Devadatha et al. 2017, 2018a, b, c, 2019, Devadatha and Sarma 2018, Dayarathne et al. 2020a, b, Hongsanan et al. 2020, Hyde et al. 2020b, Jones et al. 2020, Phookamsak et al. 2019). This highlights the need for intensive sampling supported by sequencing data. ...
... mangrovei, T. mahakoshae)(Devadatha et al. 2018a), Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis (P. kaveriana)(Phookamsak et al. 2019), and Raghukumaria (R. keshaphalae)(Jones et al. 2020). The new species described from Muthupet mangroves include: Vaginatispora microarmatispora(Devadatha et al. 2017), Pontoporeia mangrovei(Devadatha and Sarma 2018), Deniquelata vittalii(Devadatha et al. 2018c), Morosphaeria muthupetensis(Devadatha et al. 2018b), Amphisphaeria mangrovei, Hypoxylon teeravasati, Zopfiella indica ...
Fungi occur in mangroves as saprobes, pathogens, and endophytes of a wide range of timber host substrates and may also be isolated from the water column and bottom sediments. In this study, we explore their biodiversity within a single mangrove forest at Muthupet, Tamil Nadu, India. The study showed a rich diversity of fungi on five decaying host substrates (out of seven host substrates) collected in the intertidal zone, resulting in 78 marine fungal taxa in 67 genera from 11 field collections and 6215 samples. Of the 78 taxa, 56 species (in 47 genera) belong to the Ascomycota and two species (2 genera) to Basidiomycota with the remaining 20 species representing asexual fungi (18 genera). Some fungal species were repeatedly reported: Verruculina enalia (21.65%) was the most frequently collected fungus; Marinosphaera mangrovei (9.2%), Rimora mangrovei (9.15%), Okeanomyces cucullatus (8.7%), Halocryptosphaeria bathurstensis (6%) in the frequent category, Paraconiothyrium cyclothyroides (4.5%), Hysterium rhizophorae (3.5%), Sclerococcum haliotrephum (3.6%), Lulworthia sp. (3.6%), and Farasanispora avicenniae (3%) were infrequently collected. Of the host substrates, Avicennia marina wood pieces harbored 49 fungal species of which 19 were unique. Two-way ANOVA revealed that fungal species richness was not affected irrespective of the collection season (P = 0.239) but was significantly dependent on the wood species (P < 0.001).
