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Phylogenetic placement of Ochroconis and allied species within the Pezizomycotina. In this Bayesian tree, all our isolates cluster in the Venturiales, an order of the Dothideomycetes. Details for the Venturiales/Phaeotrichaceae clade are shown in Fig. 2. Support values are indicated in the following order: Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP)/RAxML bootstrap values (BS). A black dot on a
Source publication
Ochroconis is a genus of ascomycete fungi that includes oligotrophic saprobes and some opportunistic species causing infections in vertebrates. The most important of these opportunists is the neurotropic species Ochroconis gallopava, which occurs in birds and occasionally in immunocompromised humans. Other Ochroconis species have been isolated from...
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Context 1
... dataset included 5,059 characters (467 for mtSSU, 1,100 for nuLSU, 1,566 for nuSSU, 927 for RPB2 region 5-7, and 999 for RPB2 region 7-11). The resulting Bayesian tree is presented in Figure 1, with a detailed Venturiales clade in Figure 2. Both figures show the branch lengths and the sup- port values obtained with MrBayes (posterior probabilities or PP) and with RAxML (bootstrap values or BS). ...
Context 2
... resulting tree is congruent with phylogenies from previous studies ( Crous et al. 2007a;Schoch et al. 2009;Zhang et al. 2011). All strains of the Ochroconis complex cluster in the Dothideomycetes, within the order Venturiales (Figures 1 and 2). In Venturiales, Ochroconis form a well-supported monophy- letic clade (100 % PP and 93 % BS). ...
Context 3
... The authors would like to thank Conrad Schoch for providing alignments for this study and the collection staff from the CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre for their help with the cultures. Fig. 2 Phylogenetic placement of Ochroconis and allied species within the Venturiales. This tree represents a subset from the Bayesian tree presented in Fig. 1 and was annotated in a similar way. This subset corresponds to a lineage including the family Table 3 List of taxa and sequences used in our multigene phylogenetic analysis. Missing data are indicated by a dash. Newly produced sequences are highlighted in ...
Citations
... Decomposing fungi Saprotrophy Acremonium a [197] Alternaria a [198] Arthrinium [199] Aspergillus a [200] Avachytrium b [201] Capnobotryella b [202] Chaetospermum [203] Chytriomyces [204] Plants 2021, 10 [205] Emericellopsis [206] Entophlyctis b [207] Fusarium a [208] Galactomyces [209] Gibellulopsis a [210] Glutinoglossum b [211] Hannaella a [212] Helicascus [213] Inocybe b [214] Lentithecium [215] Mortierella a [216] Nowakowskiella [217] Ochroconis a [218] Piromyces [219] Pyrenochaeta a [220] Sporobolomyces a [221] Wiesneriomyces [222] Parasitism ...
Cladophora is an algal genus known to be ecologically important. It provides habitats for microorganisms known to provide ecological services such as biosynthesis of cobalamin (vitamin B12) and nutrient cycling. Most knowledge of microbiomes was obtained from studies of lacustrine Cladophora species. However, whether lotic freshwater Cladophora microbiomes are as complex as the lentic ones or provide similar ecological services is not known. To illuminate these issues, we used amplicons of 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, and ITS to investigate the taxonomy and diversity of the microorganisms associated with replicate Cladophora samples from three sites along the Nan River, Thailand. Results showed that the diversity of prokaryotic and eukaryotic members of Cladophora microbiomes collected from different sampling sites was statistically different. Fifty percent of the identifiable taxa were shared across sampling sites: these included organisms belonging to different trophic levels, decomposers, and heterotrophic bacteria. These heterogeneous assemblages of bacteria, by functional inference, have the potential to perform various ecological functions, i.e., cellulose degradation, cobalamin biosynthesis, fermentative hydrogen production, ammonium oxidation, amino acid fermentation, dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium, nitrite reduction, nitrate reduction, sulfur reduction, polyphosphate accumulation, denitrifying phosphorus-accumulation, and degradation of aromatic compounds. Results suggested that river populations of Cladophora provide ecologically important habitat for microorganisms that are key to nutrient cycling in lotic ecosystems.
... This species was treated as incertae sedis in the Chaetothyriales, Eurotiomycetes (Crous et al. 2014b). However, the results of this study show that it resides in the Sympoventuriaceae (Venturiales, Dothideomycetes), together with other genera producing septate conidia from denticulate conidiogenous cells, such as Ochroconis and Verruconis (Machouart et al. 2014. ...
The Genera of Fungi series, of which this is the sixth contribution, links type species of fungal genera to their morphology and DNA sequence data. Five genera of microfungi are treated in this study, with new species introduced in Arthrographis , Melnikomyces , and Verruconis . The genus Thysanorea is emended and two new species and nine combinations are proposed. Kramasamuha sibika , the type species of the genus, is provided with DNA sequence data for first time and shown to be a member of Helminthosphaeriaceae ( Sordariomycetes ). Aureoconidiella is introduced as a new genus representing a new lineage in the Dothideomycetes .
... k-o Ascospores p Germinating ascospore. Scale bars: b, c = 50 µm, d, e = 25 µm, f-j = 20 µm, p = 10 µm, k-o = 5 µm et al. 2007a;Boonmee et al. 2014a;Machouart et al. 2014;Samerpitak et al. 2014). Samerp. ...
Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa, as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide. This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series, in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla, six classes, 24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated. Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China, India and Thailand, as well as in some other European, North American and South American countries. Taxa described in the present study include two new families, 12 new genera, 82 new species, five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports. The two new families are Eriomycetaceae (Dothideomycetes, family incertae sedis) and Fasciatisporaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes). The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Camporesiomyces (Tubeufiaceae), Eriocamporesia (Cryphonectriaceae), Eriomyces (Eriomycetaceae), Neomonodictys (Pleurotheciaceae), Paraloratospora (Phaeosphaeriaceae), Paramonodictys (Parabambusicolaceae), Pseudoconlarium (Diaporthomycetidae, genus incertae sedis), Pseudomurilentithecium (Lentitheciaceae), Setoapiospora (Muyocopronaceae), Srinivasanomyces (Vibrisseaceae) and Xenoanthostomella (Xylariales, genera incertae sedis). The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense, Adustochaete nivea, Angustimassarina camporesii, Bhagirathimyces himalayensis, Brunneoclavispora camporesii, Camarosporidiella camporesii, Camporesiomyces mali, Camposporium appendiculatum, Camposporium multiseptatum, Camposporium septatum, Canalisporium aquaticium, Clonostachys eriocamporesiana, Clonostachys eriocamporesii, Colletotrichum hederiicola, Coniochaeta vineae, Conioscypha verrucosa, Cortinarius ainsworthii, Cortinarius aurae, Cortinarius britannicus, Cortinarius heatherae, Cortinarius scoticus, Cortinarius subsaniosus, Cytospora fusispora, Cytospora rosigena, Diaporthe camporesii, Diaporthe nigra, Diatrypella yunnanensis, Dictyosporium muriformis, Didymella camporesii, Diutina bernali, Diutina sipiczkii, Eriocamporesia aurantia, Eriomyces heveae, Ernakulamia tanakae, Falciformispora uttaraditensis, Fasciatispora cocoes, Foliophoma camporesii, Fuscostagonospora camporesii, Helvella subtinta, Kalmusia erioi, Keissleriella camporesiana, Keissleriella camporesii, Lanspora cylindrospora, Loratospora arezzoensis, Mariannaea atlantica, Melanographium phoenicis, Montagnula camporesii, Neodidymelliopsis camporesii, Neokalmusia kunmingensis, Neoleptosporella camporesiana, Neomonodictys muriformis, Neomyrmecridium guizhouense, Neosetophoma camporesii, Paraloratospora camporesii, Paramonodictys solitarius, Periconia palmicola, Plenodomus triseptatus, Pseudocamarosporium camporesii, Pseudocercospora maetaengensis, Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense, Pseudoconlarium punctiforme, Pseudodactylaria camporesiana, Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii, Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis, Pseudotruncatella camporesii, Rhexocercosporidium senecionis, Rhytidhysteron camporesii, Rhytidhysteron erioi, Septoriella camporesii, Setoapiospora thailandica, Srinivasanomyces kangrensis, Tetraploa dwibahubeeja, Tetraploa pseudoaristata, Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja, Torula camporesii, Tremateia camporesii, Tremateia lamiacearum, Uzbekistanica pruni, Verruconis mangrovei, Wilcoxina verruculosa, Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii. The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis, Camporesiomyces vaccinia, Camposporium lycopodiellae, Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum. The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii, Ascochyta medicaginicola, Ascochyta pisi, Astrocystis bambusicola, Camposporium pellucidum, Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis, Diaporthe foeniculina, Didymella macrostoma, Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, Heterosphaeria patella, Hysterobrevium constrictum, Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi, Neovaginatispora fuckelii, Nothophoma quercina, Occultibambusa bambusae, Phaeosphaeria chinensis, Pseudopestalotiopsis theae, Pyxine berteriana, Tetraploa sasicola, Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis. In addition, the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy, respectively. The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.
... The Sympoventuriaceae was introduced based on a well-supported subclade comprising Sympoventuria, Veronaeopsis simplex and fusicladium-like species (Zhang et al. 2011). Subsequently, more genera have been accepted in the family, such as Ochroconis, Scolecobasidium and Verruconis (Machouart et al. 2014. Scolecobasidium, the largest genus within the Sympoventuriaceae, was described based on two species, S. terreum and S. constrictum, which are characterised by rust-brown to olivaceous colonies producing small, brownish conidiophores bearing small numbers of dark, septate, rough-walled, rhexolytic conidia (Abbott 1927, Ellis 1971. ...
Members of Venturiales (Dothideomycetes) are widely distributed, and comprise saprobes, as well as plant, human and animal pathogens. In spite of their economic importance, the general lack of cultures and DNA data has resulted in taxa being poorly resolved. In the present study five loci, ITS, LSU rDNA, tef1, tub2 and rpb2 are used for analysing 115 venturialean taxa representing 30 genera in three families in the current classification of Venturiales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, morphological and ecological characteristics, one new family, Cylindrosympodiaceae, and eight new genera are described, namely Bellamyces, Fagicola, Fraxinicola, Neofusicladium, Parafusicladium, Fuscohilum, Pinaceicola and Sterila. In addition, 12 species are described as new to science, and 41 new combinations are proposed. The taxonomic status of 153 species have been re-evaluated with 20 species excluded from Venturiales. Based on this revision of Venturiales, morphological characteristics such as conidial arrangement (solitary or in chains) or conidiogenesis (blastic-solitary, sympodial or annellidic), proved to be significant at generic level. Venturia as currently defined represents a generic complex. Furthermore, plant pathogens appear more terminal in phylogenetic analyses within Venturiaceae and Sympoventuriaceae, suggesting that the ancestral state of Venturiales is most likely saprobic.
... Based on the combination of molecular phylogeny, morphology and ecology, a new genus Verruconis was proposed when revising the taxonomy of the Ochroconis lineage (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales) [1,2]. The genus Verruconis contains three species including Verruconis calidifluminalis (previously described as Ochroconis calidifluminalis), Verruconis gallopava (previously described as Ochroconis gallopava) and Verruconis verruculosa (previously described as Scolecobasidium verruculosum) [1]. ...
... Previous studies have demonstrated that LSU, SSU and ITS loci play important roles in classification, and other genes such as RPB2, TUB2 and TEF1 were occasionally used [1][2][3]. ...
An endophytic strain (designated as strain SYPF 8337T) was isolated from the root of 3-year-old Panax notoginseng in Yunnan province of China. Strain SYPF 8337T grew slowly and formed pale brown to brown colonies. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that strain SYPF 8337T was placed in the Verruconis clade. Different from other Verruconis species, strain SYPF 8337T produced four-cell conidia. Furthermore, strain SYPF 8337T is the first fungus isolated as an endophyte of P. notoginseng in the genus Verruconis. Combined with the morphology and molecular analyses, a new species named Verruconis panacis sp. nov. is proposed.
... The genus Ochroconis was described by de Hoog and von Arx (1973) for melanized fungi with sympodial conidiogenesis and septate, rhexolytic conidia. Machouart et al. (2014) investigated conserved genes (nuclear small subunit: nuSSU, nuclear large subunit: nuLSU, mitochondrial small subunit: mtSSU, RNA polymerase II gene: RPB2) and found that Ochroconis and similar genera belonged to the family Sympoventuriaceae in the order Venturiales. Samerpitak et al. (2014) revised the taxonomy of Ochroconis and its closely related genus, Scolecobasidium, by phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal markers and partial coding genes (actin: ACT1, btubulin: BT2, translation elongation factor 1-a: TEF1), and found that thirteen Ochroconis species were recognized in Ochroconis clade, while three species were classified in a new genus Verruconis. ...
Ochroconis aquatica, a novel species of the melanized genus Ochroconis (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales), is recognized by phylogenetic analyses using nuclear ribosomal DNA genes (nuSSU, ITS, nuLSU). It clustered in a clade containing species with mostly 4-celled as a sister of O. anellii, consistent with its morphology but slightly different in growth rate. This novel species is a further colonizer of wet, poor-nutrient indoor environments.
... Additional LSU sequences were downloaded from Genbank, the taxon selection based on Machouart et al. (2014). LSU sequences were aligned using MAFFT as implemented in Geneious (Drummond et al. 2012), ML analyses were performed with phyML using the GTR model (Guidon et al. 2010) as implemented in Geneious, with 1000 bootstrap replications. ...
... The relationships within the LSU gene tree (Fig. 1) match those in the multigene phylogeny from Machouart et al. (2014), the families Venturiaceae and Sympoventuriaceae being strongly resolved within the Venturiales. Neocoleroa metrosideri belongs in the Sympoventuriaceae clade but has no clear relationships within the clade. ...
... Barr (1987) noted that where known, asexual morphs of the Pseudoperisporiaceae are coelomycetous and Venturiaceae are hyphomycetous, otherwise the descriptions provided by Barr for the two families (Pseudoperisporiaceae as Dimeriaceae) are extremely similar. The only species placed previously in the Sympoventuriaceae known to form a sexual morph is Sympoventuria capensis Crous & Seifert (Crous et al. 2007: 32) (Machouart et al. 2014). Although the form of the fruiting body, the position it develops in relation to the host issue, and reported ecology differs between Neocoleroa and Sympoventuria, based on the description of Crous et al. (2007) they share similar asci, hyaline ascospores, and persistent pseudoparaphyses. ...
Neocoleroa metrosideri is described as a new species and phylogenetically it is shown to belong in the Sympoventuriaceae, a recently established family, sister to the Venturiaceae. No other sequences are available for Neocoleroa but this new species is morphologically typical of the type species, with distinctive lobed to dichotomously branched, blunt-tipped setae on the superficial pseudothecia. The genus has previously been placed in the Pseudoperisporiaceae. This leaf spotting fungus is known from only a single specimen in an urban park but the same fungus has been detected also from two natural forest sites as an OTU in 454-based high throughput amplicon sequencing from DNA extracted from living leaves of Metrosideros excelsa.
... The genus Ochroconis comprises oligotrophic species found in litter, soil and moist surfaces that have also been associated with occasional opportunistic infections in humans and animals [1]. Macroscopically, these fungi are characterised by red-brown exudates in the culture medium. ...
... The fungi have been suggested to be grouped within Chaetothyriales [3] or as unclassified anamorphic ascomycetes [4]. Machouart et al. [1], however, used multigene (mtSSU, nuLSU, nuSSU, RPB2 region 5-7 and RPB2 region 7-11) phylogenetic analysis to classify the fungi in the family Sympoventuriaceae of class Dothideomycetes. From the original four species, O. gallopava, O. constricta, O. humicola and O. tshawytschae [2], the genus has expanded to include at least 13 species [5]. ...
... A total of 181,384 proteins were clustered into 18,666 orthologous clusters with 917 single-copy orthologues identified. The phylogenomic tree is consistent with that in a previous study [1] which showed O. mirabilis UM 578 within class Dothideomycetes. ...
Background
Ochroconis mirabilis, a recently introduced water-borne dematiaceous fungus, is occasionally isolated from human skin lesions and nails. We identified an isolate of O. mirabilis from a skin scraping with morphological and molecular studies. Its genome was then sequenced and analysed for genetic features related to classification and biological characteristics.
Results
UM 578 was identified as O. mirabilis based on morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogeny. The 34.61 Mb assembled genome with 13,435 predicted genes showed less efficiency of this isolate in plant cell wall degradation. Results from the peptidase comparison analysis with reported keratin-degrading peptidases from dermatophytes suggest that UM 578 is very unlikely to be utilising these peptidases to survive in the host. Nevertheless, we have identified peptidases from M10A, M12A and S33 families that may allow UM 578 to invade its host via extracellular matrix and collagen degradation. Furthermore, the lipases in UM 578 may have a role in supporting the fungus in host invasion. This fungus has the potential ability to synthesise melanin via the 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN)-melanin pathway and to produce mycotoxins. The mating ability of this fungus was also inspected in this study and a mating type gene containing alpha domain was identified. This fungus is likely to produce taurine that is required in osmoregulation. The expanded gene family encoding the taurine catabolism dioxygenase TauD/TdfA domain suggests the utilisation of taurine under sulfate starvation. The expanded glutathione-S-transferase domains and RTA1-like protein families indicate the selection of genes in UM 578 towards adaptation in hostile environments.
Conclusions
The genomic analysis of O. mirabilis UM 578 provides a better understanding of fungal survival tactics in different habitats.
... In addition, Verruconis species were thermophilic, and the genus comprised the human opportunistic neurotroph, Verruconis gallopava. Machouart et al. (2014) investigated higher relationships of these fungi using conserved genes (nuSSU, nuLSU, mtSSU, and RPB2) and found that both Ochroconis and Verruconis belonged to the dothidealean order Venturiales in the family Sympoventuriaceae. ...
The genera Ochroconis and Verruconis (Sympoventuriaceae, Venturiales) have remarkably high molecular diversity despite relatively high degrees of phenotypic similarity. Tree topologies, inter-specific and intra-specific heterogeneities, barcoding gaps and reciprocal monophyly of all currently known species were analyzed. It was concluded that all currently used genes viz. SSU, ITS, LSU, ACT1, BT2 , and TEF1 were unable to reach all 'gold standard' criteria of barcoding markers. They could nevertheless be used for reasonably reliable identification of species, because the markers, although variable, were associated with large inter-specific heterogeneity. Of the coding protein-genes, ACT1 revealed highest potentiality as barcoding marker in mostly all parts of the investigated sequence. SSU, LSU, ITS, and ACT1 yielded consistent monophyly in all investigated species, but only SSU and LSU generated clear barcoding gaps. For phylogeny, LSU was an informative marker, suitable to reconstruct gene-trees showing correct phylogenetic relationships. Cryptic species were revealed especially in complexes with very high intra-specific variability. When all these complexes will be taxonomically resolved, ACT1 will probably appear to be the most reliable barcoding gene for Ochroconis and Verruconis.
... We constructed LSU phylogenies using RAxML (Stamatakis 2006;Stamatakis et al. 2008) implemented within SNAP Mobyle workbench (Price & Carbone 2005) with three sequence data sets: i) unambiguously aligned sites only, ii) unambiguously aligned sites with five ambiguously aligned regions recoded with PICS-Ord (Luecking et al. 2011), and iii) unambiguously aligned sites and ambiguously aligned regions recoded with PICS-Ord with a conservative backbone constraint tree, which consisted of 38 reference taxa based on several published multigene phylogenies Wang et al. 2006;Schoch et al. 2009;Prieto et al. 2013;Machouart et al. 2014; Suppl. Table 2 and Suppl. ...
Fungal endophytes represent one of the most ubiquitous plant symbionts on Earth and are phylogenetically diverse. The structure and diversity of endophyte communities have been shown to depend on host taxa and climate, but there have been relatively few studies exploring endophyte communities throughout host maturity. We compared foliar fungal endophyte communities between seedlings and adult trees of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda) at the same seasons and locations by culturing and culture-independent methods. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer region and adjacent partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (ITS–LSU amplicon) to delimit operational taxonomic units and phylogenetically characterize the communities. Despite the lower infection frequency in seedlings compared to adult trees, seedling needles were receptive to a more diverse community of fungal endophytes. Culture-free method confirmed the presence of commonly cultured OTUs from adult needles but revealed several new OTUs from seedling needles that were not found with culturing methods. The two most commonly cultured OTUs in adults were rarely cultured from seedlings, suggesting that host age is correlated with a selective enrichment for specific endophytes. This shift in endophyte species dominance may be indicative of a functional change between these fungi and their loblolly pine hosts.
