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Phylogenetic placement of Knautia goecmenii based on Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS) sequences. Bayesian posterior probabilities (> 0.5) are shown above branches, whereas ML bootstrap values (> 50 %) are shown below branches only for the main nodes of Knautia. Members of Knautia sect. Knautia, sect. Tricheroides, sect. Trichera were highlighted by different colours.
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Knautia goecmenii, from Nif Mountain (İzmir) in western Anatolia (Turkey), is described as a new species based on morphological and molecular evidence. Its phylogenetic relationships within the genus are provided based on the nuclear-encoded ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses of the molecula...
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... are isopolar, radial symmetric, and triporate, spheroidal or oblate-spheroidal; outline in equatorial view is circular or oval to oblate, in polar view circulartriangular; large-sized. The long equatorial diameter (EL) was 97.15 ± 1.13 µm, short equatorial diameter (ES) was 92.27 ± 1.22 µm Sculpture exine is heteroechinate, spinulate-spinulose (Fig. 6). Phylogenetic trees:-The aligned ITS dataset included 43 sequences belonging to 42 species and was 754 bp long, of which 146 were potentially parsimony informative and 123 were variable but not informative. The phylogenetic backbone of the ITS tree coincides with the previous phylogenetic study dealing with the genus Knautia (Rešetnik ...
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... phylogenetic backbone of the ITS tree coincides with the previous phylogenetic study dealing with the genus Knautia (Rešetnik et al. 2014). The results of phylogenetic analyses, as shown in Figure 6, support the monophyly of the genus with maximum posterior probabilities (PP) and bootstrap support (BS) (PP=1.00 and BS=100). Concordantly with the results of Resetnik et al. (2014), K. orientalis Linnaeus (1753: 101), from sect. ...
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... and molecular evidence. As said before, the distinct suffrutescent and caespitose habit with many stems at base are unique features in the genus. According to our phylogenetic analyses, one unexpected finding of the present study was the placement of K. goecmenii along with members of sect. Knautia and sect. Tricheroides in a well-supported clade (Fig. 6), which might perhaps indicate that K. goecmenii evolved from annual members of the genus. This result is somewhat surprising given the cited morphological distinctiveness of ...
Citations
... Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed with a TC-4000 PCR thermal cycler (TECHNE, USA), using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers of White et al. (1990). The amplification of ITS sequences followed the protocol of Yıldırım et al. (2022). The PCR reaction components included 25 µL of PCR Master Mix (Thermo Fisher, USA), 23 µL of distilled water, 0.5 µL of each primer, and 1 µL of DNA template. ...
Matthiola montana and M. anchoniifolia are endemic to Türkiye and can be distinguished from each other by morphological features including siliques, leaves, petals, and hairs. Although these two taxa have traditionally been treated as separate species in all taxeonomic accounts, field and herbarium studies together with findings in the literature suggest that they should be considered at the subspecies level at the very least due to transitions in the aforementioned characters. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated all available herbarium specimens and specimens from field collections, conducting numerical and phylogenetic analyses based on the ITS region of the nuclear DNA. Our analyses, including the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) as well as phylogenetic methods, consistently indicated that the two species did not form separate clusters. Therefore, our careful examination of the material, along with morphological and phylogenetic analyses, strongly supports the conclusion that M. anchoniifolia is not distinct from M. montana and should be a synonym of the latter.
... The amplification was carried out in 50 µl volumes containing 25 µl of Dreamtag Green PCR Master Mix (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, USA), 23 µl of water, 0.5 µl of each primer, and 1 µl of DNA template. PCR conditions were as described by Yıldırım et al. (2022). Purification and sequencing were performed by ECGR Laboratory (Hacettepe University, Biology Department, Ankara, Turkey). ...
Hesperis sivasica, from the Kangal district of Sivas Province in inner Anatolia (Türkiye), is described as a new species based on morphological and molecular evidence. Although it is not morphologically closely related to the known species of Hesperis, it resembles H. kotschyi in trichome types but differs from it in pedicel, flowers, and fruit characteristics. In molecular phylogenetic analyses based on the Nuclear-encoded ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, H. sivasica belongs to the same clade as H. bottae and H. thyrsoidea, but it is easily distinguishable from both species based on life form, trichome types, flowers, and fruit characters. Diagnostic morphological characters, full description, SEM microphotographs, and detailed field photographs are provided. Remarks on the new species' habitat, ecology, phenology, distribution, and conservation status are also given.
... Moreover, unlike other members of the subfamily Dipsacoideae, the receptacle in Knautia lacks scales, being hairy instead (Mayer, 2016). This genus comprises approximately 40-60 species distributed in the west of Eurasia and the northwesternmost part of Africa (Ehrendorfer, 1976;Mayer, 2016;Yıldırım et al., 2022), and its presence significantly enriches the botanical diversity of southern and southeastern Europe (Rešetnik et al., 2014;Frajman et al., 2016;Mayer, 2016). ...
... This mountainous area is among the richest and most important areas in Türkiye in terms of plant diversity (Eren et al., 2004;Parolly, 2015;Noroozi et al., 2019) and falls within the putative refuge areas in Mediterranean Basin identified by Médail and Diadema (2009). The genus Knautia is represented by 12 species in Türkiye, including the new species described here, (Matthews, 1972;Davis et al., 1988;Göktürk, 2012;Tunçkol et al., 2021;Yıldırım et al., 2022) and is traditionally divided into three sections, which are sect. Knautia, sect. ...
... Tricheroides, resembling those in sect. Trichera (Yıldırım et al., 2022). Recent studies (e.g., Yıldırım et al., 2022) and our results indicate that species resembling those in sect. ...
... Table S1) may be found in the future, as this taxon has been overlooked in the past due to its misinterpretation as C. tenera or C. uliginosa and the taxonomic confusion that surrounded these species until recently (see Marhold & Ančev, 1999;Kantor & al., 2023 for details). Moreover, western Anatolia appears to be still largely unexplored in terms of taxonomic research, as evidenced by the recent descriptions of several new taxa in this area (e.g., Yüzbaşıoğlu & al., 2015;Yüzbaşıoğlu, 2017;Hamzaoğlu & al., 2022;Yildirim & al., 2022). ...
Anatolia is a significant centre of biodiversity and endemism with diversity hotspots located mainly in mountain ranges. Its complex geological history and heterogeneous topography have generated natural barriers to gene flow that favour speciation, and migration corridors that accentuate its transitional biogeographic position. While more attention has been paid to the predominant Irano‐Turanian and Mediterranean xerophytic elements, the evolution of species adapted to wet habitats with limited occurrence is understudied in this area. Here, we investigated Cardamine representatives in northern Anatolia with the aims of resolving the taxonomically uncertain populations previously assigned to either C. uliginosa or C. tenera from northwestern Anatolia (Uludağ,) and elucidating the genetic structure of (sub)alpine C. uliginosa recorded mainly from the North Anatolian Mts. (Pontic Mts.). Using a combination of phylogenomic (Hyb‐Seq), morphometric, and flow cytometric analyses, we support a distinct position of the northwestern Anatolian populations, described here as a new species Cardamine anatolica . Apart from Uludağ, a few other sites were found in the montane to subalpine belts in the Marmara and Aegean regions. A sister phylogenetic position of C. anatolica to C. acris , a widespread and polymorphic Balkan species, supports the existence of biogeographic links between these areas and suggests a vicariance scenario. We revealed a pronounced intraspecific diversification of C. uliginosa with geographic structuring and admixture in the Pontic Mts., which highlights this area as a significant hotspot of biodiversity not only at the species level but also at the level of genetic variation. Due to the common misinterpretation of the species treated here, we revise their distributional data, provide details on their morphological differentiation, and present an identification key. The study highlights the evolutionary importance of Anatolian mountains, which promote speciation, favour accumulation of diversity, and serve as a meeting place of colonization routes.
... (together with Diervillaceae Pyck, Morinaceae Raf., Valerianaceae Batsch, etc.). The phylogenetic position of Dipsacaceae within the order Dipsacales has been studied extensively (Donoghue et al. 1992;Caputo & Cozzolino 1994;Bell et al. 2001;Zhang et al. 2003;Caputo et al. 2004;Bell & Donoghue 2005;Avino et al. 2009;Carlson et al. 2009;Xiang et al. 2020;Wang et al. 2021;Yildirim et al. 2022). According to new data, all representatives of Dipsacaceae were assigned to the subfam. ...
... According to new data, all representatives of Dipsacaceae were assigned to the subfam. Dipsacoideae Eaton (Wang et al. 2021;Yildirim et al. 2022). ...
Comparative palynological studies of Dipsacaceae s.str. show considerable diversity in the pollen grain morphology of its representatives. The aim of this research was to provide more detailed palynomorphological data on selected taxa whose pollen grains are characterised by tricolpate apertures (Pterocephalus plumosus, Succisa pratensis and Succisella inflexa). The pollen morphology of P. plumosus was studied using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The pollen grains are tricolpate, suboblate to prolate; large in size. Their outline in polar view (amb) is subcircular, rarely trilobate. The brevicolpi have a distinct margo and acute ends. The exine sculpture is echinate-microechinate-nanoechinate. The exine structure (columellae) of the pollen grains of P. plumosus, S. pratensis and S. inflexa was analysed for the first time in the current study. Pollen grains in P. plumosus are distinguished by long and dense columellae in the mesocolpia, and longer in the apo-colpia. Our new рalynomorphological data support a close relationship between S. pratensis and S. inflexa by the presence of shorter sparse columellae throughout the pollen exine. The UPGMA dendrogram shows the distinctive morphometric characters of P. plumosus pollen grains, which is thus included as a separate branch.
